Les Vies verdes del Vallès

En un moment en que Catalunya i, sobretot, la regió metropolitana de Barcelona, experimenta un procés d'ocupació del territori sense precedents, es especialment important avançar en l'estudi dels possibles connectors existents, el seu reconeixement i la seva delimitació en el planejament territorial, El 13 de juliol de 2004 es va signar i fer públic el Manifest de Sant Celoni pel reconeixement de les vies verdes del Vallès. En aquest manifest es demana, entre altres mesures, el reconeixement i la delimitació en el planejament territorial de 7 grans vies verdes: Obac-Olorda, Sant Llorenç-Collserola, Farell-Marina, Gallifa-Gallecs, Tagamanent-Cellecs, Calma-Corredor, Montseny-Montnegre. Totes aquestes vies exerceixen funcions de connexió ecològica i paisatgística entre les serralades Litoral i Prelitoral i, juntament amb altres espais menys urbanitzats que hi ha al peu de la serralada Prelitoral, integren el sistema d'espais oberts del Vallès. Aquesta ponència presenta, en primer lloc, el marc conceptual on s'inscriu el concepte via verda. En segon lloc, explica els principals antecedents en relació amb les vies verdes del Vallès que apareixen en el Manifest de Sant Celoni, i, finalment l’encaix de les vies verdes del Vallès en el planejament territorial de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona, així com les principals línies estratègiques que es podrien seguir per convertir-les en una realitat

Evaluation qualitative de la compliance médicale [Qualitative evaluation of medical compliance].

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of CLP (Consultation and liaison psychiatry) interventions in a general hospital is difficult to evaluate; parameters potentially determinant as to effectiveness are numerous. Effectiveness evaluations are almost exclusively restricted to the duration of hospitalization. Since CLP may and often should be manifest beyond discharge, we intended to determine the agreement between our proposition and its execution as a measure of effectiveness. METHOD: We based our analyses principally on the general practitioner's appreciation of the CLP impact, a measure of effectiveness at distance from the consultation by a judge not directly involved in the consulting process. This qualitative assessment is based on a population of 50 patients. RESULTS: Our results suggest that agreement between our proposal and its complete execution is good concerning medication (90%) and referral rate after the hospitalization (85%), average as to liaison suggestions (65%) and clearly weak as to propositions regarding further investigations (< 30%). CONCLUSION: CLP proposals must be as close as possible to the in-patient physician's preoccupations to enhance the probability that they be executed. The concordance as to the proposal and its execution as well as the CLP impact estimation need be evaluated at distance. This evaluation must imply the general practitioner's assessment.

Cardio respiratory activity in high-anxious vs. low-anxious professional music students before and during performance

Questionnaire studies indicate that high-anxious musicians may suffer from hyperventilation symptoms before and/or during performance. Reported symptoms include amongst others shortness of breath, fast or deep breathing, dizziness and thumping heart. However, no study has yet tested if these self-reported symptoms reflect actual cardio respiratory changes. Disturbances in breathing patterns and hyperventilation may contribute to the often observed poorer performance of anxious musicians under stressful performance situations. The main goal of this study is to determine if music performance anxiety is manifest physiologically in specific correlates of cardio respiratory activity. We studied 74 professional music students divided into two groups (i.e. high-anxious and lowanxious) based on their self-reported performance anxiety in three distinct situations: baseline, private performance (without audience), public performance (with audience). We measured a) breathing patterns, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2, a good non-invasive estimator for hyperventilation), ECG and b) self-perceived emotions and self-perceived physiological activation. The poster will concentrate on the preliminary results of this study. The focus will be a) on differences between high-anxious and low-anxious musicians regarding breaths per minute and heart rate and b) on the response coherence between self-perceived palpitations and actual heart rate.

Calidad del ambiente marino costero en las áreas de Ilo e Ite, noviembre 1997

Presenta los resultados analíticos obtenidos en la evaluación de calidad acuática del ambiente marino costero en las áreas de Ilo e Ite durante el período de noviembre de 1997, realizado dentro del Programa de Monitoreo que IMARPE ejecutó en áreas costeras seleccionadas. Se determinó el estado de calidad acuática influenciada por el Fenómeno El Niño de 1997-1998, el cual manifestó elevadas temperaturas y salinidades características de Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales (ASS). Asimismo, el informe permite conocer la presencia de relaves mineros y descargas de aguas residuales en las playas extentas de deshechos domésticos.

Structural covariance of superficial white matter in mild Alzheimer's disease compared to normal aging.

INTRODUCTION: Interindividual variations in regional structural properties covary across the brain, thus forming networks that change as a result of aging and accompanying neurological conditions. The alterations of superficial white matter (SWM) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are of special interest, since they follow the AD-specific pattern characterized by the strongest neurodegeneration of the medial temporal lobe and association cortices. METHODS: Here, we present an SWM network analysis in comparison with SWM topography based on the myelin content quantified with magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) for 39 areas in each hemisphere in 15 AD patients and 15 controls. The networks are represented by graphs, in which nodes correspond to the areas, and edges denote statistical associations between them. RESULTS: In both groups, the networks were characterized by asymmetrically distributed edges (predominantly in the left hemisphere). The AD-related differences were also leftward. The edges lost due to AD tended to connect nodes in the temporal lobe to other lobes or nodes within or between the latter lobes. The newly gained edges were mostly confined to the temporal and paralimbic regions, which manifest demyelination of SWM already in mild AD. CONCLUSION: This pattern suggests that the AD pathological process coordinates SWM demyelination in the temporal and paralimbic regions, but not elsewhere. A comparison of the MTR maps with MTR-based networks shows that although, in general, the changes in network architecture in AD recapitulate the topography of (de)myelination, some aspects of structural covariance (including the interhemispheric asymmetry of networks) have no immediate reflection in the myelination pattern.

Country effects in ISSP-1993 environmental data: Comparison of SEM approaches

Structural equation models (SEM) are commonly used to analyze the relationship between variables some of which may be latent, such as individual ``attitude'' to and ``behavior'' concerning specific issues. A number of difficulties arise when we want to compare a large number of groups, each with large sample size, and the manifest variables are distinctly non-normally distributed. Using an specific data set, we evaluate the appropriateness of the following alternative SEM approaches: multiple group versus MIMIC models, continuous versus ordinal variables estimation methods, and normal theory versus non-normal estimation methods. The approaches are applied to the ISSP-1993 Environmental data set, with the purpose of exploring variation in the mean level of variables of ``attitude'' to and ``behavior''concerning environmental issues and their mutual relationship across countries. Issues of both theoretical and practical relevance arise in the course of this application.

Overview of primary monogenic dystonia.

Primary monogenic forms of dystonia manifest solely or mainly with dystonia; they have been linked to a number of genes and loci and assigned "DYT" numbers. The pure dystonia syndrome early-onset primary dystonia (DYT1) manifests with dominantly-inherited generalized dystonia, often with focal onset in a limb. DYT1 is caused by a GAG deletion in the TOR1A gene. Mutations in the THAP1 gene cause DYT6, a form of pure dystonia that primarily involves cranio-cervical and upper limb muscles. Patients with the dystonia plus syndrome DYT5 display levodopa-responsive dystonia sometimes associated with tremor or parkinsonism (DYT5a, mutations in GCH1); a more severe phenotype with psychomotor involvement can be seen in recessive forms (DYT5b with TH mutations, SPR-deficiency syndrome). Other forms of dystonia plus syndromes include myoclonic dystonia (DYT11) and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT12). Finally, paroxysmal exertion-induced dystonia (DYT18, GLUT1 deficiency) is caused by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene (DYT9 and DYT18). It is part of the paroxysmal dystonia group and manifests with paroxystic movements sometimes associated with seizures and psychomotor developmental delay.

Més enllà de les filferrades: la resiliència i els infants de l'èxode republicà al camp de Rivesaltes

Treball de recerca realitzat per alumnes d’ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l’any 2010. La recerca duta a terme pretén donar veu a persones que, essent infants, van patir el tancament en els camps de concentració del sud de França, i especialment el de Rivesaltes, a la fi de la Guerra Civil espanyola. S'intenta esbrinar si la situació traumàtica viscuda per aquests infants els hi ha permès, posteriorment, portar una vida satisfactòria, si han estat capaços de superar el record dur del seu tancament. L’objectiu és posar de manifest que els nens són les principals víctimes dels conflictes d'abans i d'ara i aquests conflictes poden deixar seqüeles que els dificultin dur una vida plena.

El Futur

L'Alta Garrotxa ha estat durant massa temps un espai oblidat, que només ha sentit la remor de paraules benintencionades, com ho posa de manifest la llarga història de propostes no desenvolupades que reclamaven la protecció, la conservació i la gestió responsable de l'extraordinari patrimoni natural que aquesta zona representa (...)

Participació de les aigües subterrànies en la gènesi d'ambients palustres continentals: el cas dels prats de Sant Sebastià (Caldes de Malavella, Girona)

The area known as 'prats de Sant Sebastià' is in Caldes de Malavella. It is part of the wetlands located in the south-eastern end of the Selva Basin. Several areas with unusually high conductivity (EC up to 24,500 uS/cm) have been identified in this place. This fact allows highly specialised and comparatively rare botanical species to grow in this area. These saline soils follow a north-south line-up. The geophysical data, obtained with a field conductivemeter (EM 31), show that this superficial line-up continues in the subsoil. In addition to this, the conductivity cartography, made for an electromagnetic exploration depth of 6 meters, shows that the width of the region where these salinity anomalies take place increases in depth. When included in the hidrogeological context of this sector of the Selva Basin, these data bring new elements for the study of the genesis and working of these marshy environments.The model that future research will have to confirm, maintains that the groundwater discharges coming from the underlying hydrogeothermal aquifer are a conditioning factor of the aforementioned phenomenon. This ascending flow of highly mineralised waters (TDS of about 3,500 mg/l) can produce and keep stable the soil salinity

Sediments antics del litoral del Baix Empodà entre es Forn (Begur) i Vall-presona (Santa Cristina d'Aro)

A la Costa Brava hi ha, en comparació amb altres àrees mediterrànies, pocs testimonis de sediments litorals antics. El domini manifest dels processosd'erosió n'és la causa principal. Tanmateix, hi ha alguns dipòsits litorals fòssils, que se situen uns decimetres per sobre i per sota del nivell del mar actual. L'estudi detallat dels diferents nivells localitzats fins ara ha permès caracteritzar-los des d'un punt de vista estratigràfic. Així, s'ha pogut constatar que es tracta d'acumulacions de blocs aplegats al peu de penya-segats, de platges emergides sense cimentar, i de platges submergides que han patit un procés de cimentació. La seva edat és molt recent, en termes geològics, i es remunta a començaments de l'era cristiana

Pupillographic investigation of the relative afferent pupillary defect associated with a midbrain lesion.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and pupillographic features of patients with a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) without visual acuity or visual field loss caused by a lesion in the dorsal midbrain. DESIGN: Experimental study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Four patients with a dorsal midbrain lesion who had normal visual fields and a clinically detectable RAPD. METHODS: The pupil response from full-field and hemifield light stimulation over a range of light intensities was measured by computerized binocular pupillography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean of the direct and consensual pupil response to full-field and hemifield light stimulation was plotted as a function of stimulus light intensity. RESULTS: All 4 subjects showed decreased pupillographic responses at all intensities to full-field light stimulation in the eye with the clinical RAPD. The pupillographic responses to hemifield stimulation showed a homonymous pattern of deficit on the side ipsilateral to the RAPD, similar to that observed in a previously reported patient with an optic tract lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The basis of a midbrain RAPD is the nasal-temporal asymmetry of pupillomotor input that becomes manifest when a unilateral postchiasmal lesion interrupts homonymously paired fibers traveling in the contralateral optic tract or midbrain pathway to the pupillomotor center, respectively. The pupillographic characteristics of an RAPD resulting from a dorsal midbrain lesion thus resemble those of an RAPD resulting from a unilateral optic tract lesion, but without the homonymous visual field defect. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Prospecció geològica del subsòl del turó de Santa Maria de Roses (Alt Empordà, Girona)

Es descriu la seqüència de materials travessats en un sondatge mecànic realitzat al cim del turó de Santa Maria de Roses. Es posa de manifest que aquest alt topogràfic és constituït per una successió de capes de graves amb intercalacions de nivells argilosos i arenosos. La capa més superficial és de l'holocè superior, mentre que la resta pertany al pleistocè i, segurament, ai miocè superior

Wechsel von einem mechanischen Mikrokeratom auf einen Femtosekunden-Laser zur Korrektur von Astigmatismus mittels LASIK: klinische Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven, konsekutiven Vergleichsstudie Moving from a Mechanical Microkeratome to a Femtosecond Laser for LASIK to Correct Astigmatic Patients: Clinical Outcomes of a Retrospective, Consecutive, Comparative Study.

Background: To evaluate outcomes after optimized laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for astigmatism correction with flap created by a mechanical microkeratome or a femtosecond laser. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 102 eyes of 71 consecutive patients were enrolled undergoing optimized LASIK treatments using the Allegretto laser system (WaveLight Laser Technologie AG, Erlangen, Germany). A mechanical microkeratome for flap creation was used (One Use, Moria®) in 46 eyes (31 patients, spherical equivalent [SE] -4.44 D ± 2.4) and a femtosecond laser was used (LDV, Ziemer®) in 56 eyes (40 patients, spherical equivalent [SE] -3.07 D ± 3.3). The two groups were matched for inclusion criteria and were operated under similar conditions by the same surgeon. Results: Overall, the preoperative spherical equivalent was -9.5 diopters (D) to +3.37 D; the preoperative manifest astigmatism was between -1.5 D and -3.5 D. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.93 ± 0.17 (range 0.4 to 1.2) in the Moria group and 1.0 ± 0.21 (range 0.6 to 1.6) in the Femto group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Comparing the cylinder power there was a statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.0015). Conclusions: This study shows that the method of flap creation has a significant impact on postoperative astigmatism with a significantly better postoperative UDVA in the Femto group. These findings suggest that the femtosecond laser provides a better platform for LASIK treatment of astigmatism than the commonly used microkeratome.

Almost routine prophylactic cholecystectomy during laparoscopic gastric bypass is safe

RAPPORT DE SYNTHESE : Introduction : les patients obèses morbides présentent un risque majeur de développer des calculs biliaires en raison d'une sécrétion accrue de cholestérol dans la bile. Ce risque, davantage élevé dans la phase de perte pondérale rapide consécutive à la chirurgie bariatrique ou lors de régimes amaigrissants, est souvent la cause de nombreux symptômes, voire de complications biliaires. Aussi l'association d'une cholécystectomie à la chirurgie bariatrique, notamment le bypass gastrique laparoscopique a-t-elle été proposée afin d'éviter ces complications parfois redoutables dans cette population fragile. Ce concept a cependant fait l'objet de démentis dans de récentes études où ce risque apparaîtrait moins élevé, et la cholécystectomie durant le by- pris gastrique laparoscopique pourrait être grevée de difficultés et présenter des risques opératoires non négligeables pour le patient. Patients et méthodes : notre série comporte 772 patients opérés entre 2000 et 2007 par by-pass gastrique laparoscopique, avec montage d'une anse en Y selon Roux. Ces patients obèses morbides avaient été sélectionnés sur la base d'une anamnèse concluante, d'un examen anthropométrique, d'un bilan sanguin et d'un ultrason abdominal. Une analyse rétrospective des résultats d'ultrason abdominal préopératoire et des rapports histopathologiques des vésicules biliaires en postopératoire a été réalisée chez les patients opérés avant 2004. Résultats : 58 patients (7,5 %) avaient déjà eu une cholécystectomie. L'US abdominal a révélé des calculs ou de la boue biliaire chez 81 patients (11,3 %), un polype chez un patient et une vésicule biliaire normale chez les patients restants. La cholécystectomie a été réalisée concomitamment au by-pass gastrique chez 66S patients (91,7 %) et des calculs biliaires retrouvés à l'examen per-opératoire des vésicules biliaires chez 25 patients (3,9 %), rapportant alors la prévalence de la cholélithiase à 21,2 % dans cette population. L'âge des patients porteurs de calculs biliaires était significativement plus élevé que celui des patients sans calculs biliares (43,5 contre 38,7 ans, P < 0,0001). A l'examen histopathologique, des anomalies ont été décrites dans 81,8 % des vésicules biliaires, consistant pour la plupart en cholécystite chronique et cholestérolose. Aucune complication post-opératoire n'a été associée à la cholécystectomie et le prolongement du temps opératoire était en moyenne de 19 minutes (4 - 45 minutes) sans aucun impact sur le séjour hospitalier. La cholécystectomie n'a pas été réalisée chez 59 patients (8,3 %) en raison de conditions opératoires défavorables, notamment une exposition insuffisante. Un traitement d'acide ursodésoxycholique a été prescrit sur une période de 6 mois et aucun de ces patients n'a manifesté de symptômes biliaires. Conclusion : la cholécystectomie peut être réalisée à titre prophylactique et en toute sécurité au cours du by-pass gastrique laparoscopique. Cet acte opératoire supplémentaire sans conséquence sur le séjour hospitalier, constitue selon la présente étude une forme de prophylaxie recommandable dans la prévention de la formation des calculs biliaires dans la phase de perte pondérale post-opératoire. Sa supériorité ou non par rapport à la prophylaxie médicamenteuse à l'acide ursodésoxycholique n'a pas encore été établie. Des études prospectives randomisées seraient nécessaires afin de confirmer l'avantage de l'une ou l'autre de ces deux alternatives.