Management of Municipal Solid Waste

Solid material thrown away as unused from various sectors such as agricultural, commercial, domestic, industrial and institutional constitutes solid wastes. This places an enormous strain on natural resources and seriously undermines efficient and sustainable development. Management of Municipal Solid Waste discusses the ways to salvage the situation through efficient management of solid wastes from waste generation to final disposal. The various processes such as waste generation, collection, storage, processing, recovery, transport, and disposal, are explained with the support of case studies. The book discusses reduction of waste at the source and to foster implementation of integrated solid waste management systems that are cost-effective and protect human health and the environment.

A dynamic topology management in a hybrid wireless superstore network

with the development of large scale wireless networks, there has been short comings and limitations in traditional network topology management systems. In this paper, an adaptive algorithm is proposed to maintain topology of hybrid wireless superstore network by considering the transactions and individual network load. The adaptations include to choose the best network connection for the response, and to perform network Connection switching when network situation changes. At the same time, in terms of the design for topology management systems, aiming at intelligence, real-time, the study makes a step-by-step argument and research on the overall topology management scheme. Architecture for the adaptive topology management of hybrid wireless networking resources is available to user’s mobile device. Simulation results describes that the new scheme has outperformed the original topology management and it is simpler than the original rate borrowing scheme.

Tax-Based Fisheries Management: The Case Study Of The Cantabrian Anchovy Fishery

A dynamic optimisation framework is adopted to show how tax-based management systems theoretically correct the inefficient allocation of fishing resources derived from the stock externality. Optimal Pigouvian taxes on output (τ) and on inputs (γ) are calculated, compared and considered as potential alternatives to the current regulation of VIII division Cantabrian anchovy fishery. The sensibility analysis of optimal taxes illustrates an asymmetry between (τ) and (γ) when cost price ratio varies. The distributional effects also differ. Special attention will be paid to the real implementation of the tax-based systems in fisheries.

A mudança organizacional em um estabelecimento de saúde: um estudo da preparação para acreditação

Esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar as dinâmicas de mudanças organizacionais transcorridas em um estabelecimento de saúde. Conduzido através metodologia de estudo de caso descritivo, teve como campo de pesquisa o Instituto de Hematologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Buscando conhecer o papel da preparação para acreditação na dinâmica da mudança em uma organização de saúde essa pesquisa foi assim estruturada: abordagem dos problemas encontrados nas mudanças organizacionais em estabelecimentos de saúde; quadro teórico estruturado com uma revisão de literatura; embasamento da metodologia aplicada, com definição de instrumentos de coletas de dados, de material e atores implicados no levantamento para realização da análise qualitativa. O estudo analisou as seguintes variáveis: a natureza da mudança focalizando a extensão, ritmo e trajetória; as estratégias de ação, contemplando as situações de adesões e resistência e a concepção, verificando se as mudanças foram indutivas ou dedutivas. O resultado demonstrou que a preparação para acreditação naquele hospital, proporcionou mudanças com movimentos lentos, mas com continuidade em todos os setores do estabelecimento. Foi identificada participação mais ativa de um grupo de profissionais identificados como facilitadores, funcionando como multiplicadores. A abrangência das estratégias aplicadas foram desde as reuniões em assembléias gerais, á formação de grupos de estudo por setores para entendimento do manual de padrões de acreditação. Foram realizados processos internos de auto-avaliação com base no manual de acreditação. Em relação á concepção, o processo de mudança foi motivado pela determinação da direção do hospital para obtenção do certificado de acreditação internacional. Quanto á resistência e adesão, o estudo demonstrou que a participação de uma grande maioria dos profissionais foi motivada pelo desejo de aprender e desenvolver novas práticas que proporcionasse a melhoria da qualidade da assistência. A análise de dados aponta certa resistência da categoria médica no início do processo. Do ponto de vista organizacional, foram criadas novas estruturas. A conclusão do estudo: O processo de preparação para acreditação na unidade de saúde estudada demonstrou ser um instrumento capaz de promover mudanças em organizações de saúde.

La integración de los sistemas de gestión normalizados: estudio de caso .

[ES]Actualmente en las empresas a la preocupación por los resultados económicos se le debe sumar la preocupación por la consecución de resultados que permitan satisfacer las expectativas y necesidades de los grupos de interés o “stakeholders”. Una de las herramientas que las organizaciones emplean para ello es la utilización de los estándares de sistemas de gestión, tales como las normas ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 y OHSAS 18001:2007. Recientemente numerosas empresas están optando por la integración de dichos sistemas con el objetivo de crear sinergias: reducir costes, eliminar duplicidades etc. En este trabajo, en primer lugar, se analizarán los diferentes modos de implantación, las motivaciones por las cuales las empresas se inclinan por la integración y las principales ventajas y dificultades de llevar a cabo tal proceso. En segundo lugar, se presentará y analizará el caso concreto de la empresa Gamesa, desde su decisión de integrar los sistemas de gestión hasta los resultados obtenidos.

La integración de los sistemas de gestión normalizados: un análisis de los principales estudios empíricos.

[ES]En la actualidad, muchas empresas organizan sus sistemas de gestión basándose en las normas y estándares internacionales (ISO 9000, ISO 14000, OHSAS 18000…). Considerando que todos ellos están soportados en unos principios comunes, las organizaciones tratan de aprovechar las sinergias existentes entre dichos sistemas buscando la mayor integración posible y la obtención de beneficios, tales como el ahorro de costes, la disminución de la burocracia o la mejora de la eficiencia. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar una serie de recomendaciones que permitan a las empresas orientar la integración de sus sistemas de gestión de una manera sencilla y ágil.

Fisheries co-management and transaction costs

Fisheries co-management is increasingly seen as a solution to the problems of resource use conflicts and overexploitation. The importance of transactions costs may not have been given adequate attention. The transaction costs are 1) information costs, 2) collective decisionmaking tools, and 3) collective operational costs. The various components of transaction costs of fisheries co-management systems are described in this paper. These costs need to be determined for evaluating the feasibility of a co-managed fishery compared to a centrally managed one.

Measuring transaction costs of fisheries co-management in San Salvador Island, Philippines

It is generally accepted that co-management systems are more cost-effective than centralized management of natural resources. However, no attempts have been made to empirically verify the transaction costs involved in fisheries co-management. Some estimates of transaction costs of fisheries co-management in San Salvador Island, Philippines, are presented in this paper. These estimates are used to compare the various transaction costs in co-managed and in centrally managed fisheries in San Salvador Island.

Data structures and software tools for the computer aided design of control systems: a survey.

CAD software can be structured as a set of modular 'software tools' only if there is some agreement on the data structures which are to be passed between tools. Beyond this basic requirement, it is desirable to give the agreed structures the status of 'data types' in the language used for interactive design. The ultimate refinement is to have a data management capability which 'understands' how to manipulate such data types. In this paper the requirements of CACSD are formulated from the point of view of Database Management Systems. Progress towards meeting these requirements in both the DBMS and the CACSD community is reviewed. The conclusion reached is that there has been considerable movement towards the realisation of software tools for CACSD, but that this owes more to modern ideas about programming languages, than to DBMS developments. The DBMS field has identified some useful concepts, but further significant progress is expected to come from the exploitation of concepts such as object-oriented programming, logic programming, or functional programming.

Framework for integration of informal waste management sector with the formal sector in Pakistan.

Historically, waste pickers around the globe have utilised urban solid waste as a principal source of livelihood. Formal waste management sectors usually perceive the informal waste collection/recycling networks as backward, unhygienic and generally incompatible with modern waste management systems. It is proposed here that through careful planning and administration, these seemingly troublesome informal networks can be integrated into formal waste management systems in developing countries, providing mutual benefits. A theoretical framework for integration based on a case study in Lahore, Pakistan, is presented. The proposed solution suggests that the municipal authority should draw up and agree on a formal work contract with the group of waste pickers already operating in the area. The proposed system is assessed using the integration radar framework to classify and analyse possible intervention points between the sectors. The integration of the informal waste workers with the formal waste management sector is not a one dimensional or single step process. An ideal solution might aim for a balanced focus on all four categories of intervention, although this may be influenced by local conditions. Not all the positive benefits will be immediately apparent, but it is expected that as the acceptance of such projects increases over time, the informal recycling economy will financially supplement the formal system in many ways.

Product intelligence in warehouse management: A case study

The need for more flexible, adaptable and customer-oriented warehouse operations has been increasingly identified as an important issue by today's warehouse companies due to the rapidly changing preferences of the customers that use their services. Motivated by manufacturing and other logistics operations, in this paper we argue on the potential application of product intelligence in warehouse operations as an approach that can help warehouse companies address these issues. We discuss the opportunities of such an approach using a real example of a third-party-logistics warehouse company and we present the benefits it can bring in their warehouse management systems. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Framework for integration of informal waste management sector with the formal sector in Pakistan

Historically, waste pickers around the globe have utilised urban solid waste as a principal source of livelihood. Formal waste management sectors usually perceive the informal waste collection/recycling networks as backward, unhygienic and generally incompatible with modern waste management systems. It is proposed here that through careful planning and administration, these seemingly troublesome informal networks can be integrated into formal waste management systems in developing countries, providing mutual benefits. A theoretical framework for integration based on a case study in Lahore, Pakistan, is presented. The proposed solution suggests that the municipal authority should draw up and agree on a formal work contract with the group of waste pickers already operating in the area. The proposed system is assessed using the integration radar framework to classify and analyse possible intervention points between the sectors. The integration of the informal waste workers with the formal waste management sector is not a one dimensional or single step process. An ideal solution might aim for a balanced focus on all four categories of intervention, although this may be influenced by local conditions. Not all the positive benefits will be immediately apparent, but it is expected that as the acceptance of such projects increases over time, the informal recycling economy will financially supplement the formal system in many ways. © The Author(s) 2013.

Efficient building management with IP-based wireless sensor network

Existing Building/Energy Management Systems (BMS/EMS) fail to convey holistic performance to the building manager. A 20% reduction in energy consumption can be achieved by efficiently operated buildings compared with current practice. However, in the majority of buildings, occupant comfort and energy consumption analysis is primarily restricted by available sensor and meter data. Installation of a continuous monitoring process can significantly improve the building systems’ performance. We present WSN-BMDS, an IP-based wireless sensor network building monitoring and diagnostic system. The main focus of WSN-BMDS is to obtain much higher degree of information about the building operation then current BMSs are able to provide. Our system integrates a heterogeneous set of wireless sensor nodes with IEEE 802.11 backbone routers and the Global Sensor Network (GSN) web server. Sensing data is stored in a database at the back office via UDP protocol and can be access over the Internet using GSN. Through this demonstration, we show that WSN-BMDS provides accurate measurements of air-temperature, air-humidity, light, and energy consumption for particular rooms in our target building. Our interactive graphical user interface provides a user-friendly environment showing live network topology, monitor network statistics, and run-time management actions on the network. We also demonstrate actuation by changing the artificial light level in one of the rooms.

Development of miniaturized wireless sensor nodes suitable for building energy management and modelling

Buildings consume 40% of Ireland's total annual energy translating to 3.5 billion (2004). The EPBD directive (effective January 2003) places an onus on all member states to rate the energy performance of all buildings in excess of 50m2. Energy and environmental performance management systems for residential buildings do not exist and consist of an ad-hoc integration of wired building management systems and Monitoring & Targeting systems for non-residential buildings. These systems are unsophisticated and do not easily lend themselves to cost effective retrofit or integration with other enterprise management systems. It is commonly agreed that a 15-40% reduction of building energy consumption is achievable by efficiently operating buildings when compared with typical practice. Existing research has identified that the level of information available to Building Managers with existing Building Management Systems and Environmental Monitoring Systems (BMS/EMS) is insufficient to perform the required performance based building assessment. The cost of installing additional sensors and meters is extremely high, primarily due to the estimated cost of wiring and the needed labour. From this perspective wireless sensor technology provides the capability to provide reliable sensor data at the required temporal and spatial granularity associated with building energy management. In this paper, a wireless sensor network mote hardware design and implementation is presented for a building energy management application. Appropriate sensors were selected and interfaced with the developed system based on user requirements to meet both the building monitoring and metering requirements. Beside the sensing capability, actuation and interfacing to external meters/sensors are provided to perform different management control and data recording tasks associated with minimisation of energy consumption in the built environment and the development of appropriate Building information models(BIM)to enable the design and development of energy efficient spaces.