Utilização do permeado de leite como adjunto na produção de cerveja de alta fermentação (ALE)

O Brasil ocupa o 3º lugar entre os maiores produtores mundiais de cerveja e o mercado consumidor vem aumentando progressivamente. Tendo em vista que o consumidor brasileiro está em busca de novos sabores e aromas para a cerveja, uma alternativa para a redução de custos explorando tais características reside no uso de adjuntos não convencionais que possam agregar valor à bebida, principalmente na obtenção de boas características sensoriais. Ainda, visando à sustentabilidade, estes adjuntos podem ser coprodutos do processamento de alimentos. O permeado concentrado de leite, um coproduto dos laticínios, é obtido através da ultrafiltração do leite, sendo composto por água, lactose e sais. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um processo para a produção de uma cerveja de alta fermentação (ale), utilizando o permeado concentrado de leite como adjunto de fabricação. Foram obtidas cervejas ale com a proporção malte/permeado de 55/45 e 90/10, utilizando para isso, permeado hidrolisado pela enzima ?-galactosidase e permeado não hidrolisado. A caracterização do permeado revelou que este possui três vezes mais lactose que o soro de queijo. A melhor condição de hidrólise enzimática da lactose presente no permeado foi obtida empregando-se 2,0 mL/L de ?-galactosidase em 90 minutos, alcançando 92,5% de hidrólise. Nas cervejas com permeado hidrolisado observou-se que a presença de galactose aumentou o tempo de fermentação para 168h e a atenuação real de fermentação dos mostos também foi maior em comparação as cervejas com permeado não hidrolisado, nos quais a lactose não foi fermentada. As cervejas 90/10 com permeado hidrolisado e não hidrolisado receberam as maiores notas na análise sensorial, tendo boa aceitação entre os provadores. Como não houve diferença estatística entre as duas, foi possível reduzir custo e tempo na produção da cerveja 90/10 em escala piloto (120L) por não ser necessário o processo de hidrólise enzimática. O permeado concentrado de leite mostrou-se um excelente adjunto na produção de cervejas ale e quando empregado em baixa concentração, produziu cervejas com boa aceitação sensorial.

Vallette, Malta, ca. 1724 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Les villes, forts et châteaux de Malte. It was published ca. 1724. Scale [ca. 1:14,000]. Cover Vallette, Malta. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, cities and other human settlements, built-up areas, fortification, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

East & Southern Africa, 1862 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Zambezia e Sofálla : mappa coordenado sobre numerosos documentos antigos e modernos portuguezes e estrangeiros, pelo Vde. de Sá da Bandeira, 1861 ; dressé à la moitié de l'original sous la direction de M. V.A Malte-Brun ; gravé chez Erhard. It was published by Société de Géographie in 1862. Scale [ca. 1:7,250,000]. Covers Zimbabwe and portions of Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Botswana, and South Africa. Map in Portuguese.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, administrative and territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Africa showing Portuguese possessions.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

(Table 2) Picked maximum velocities from 3 radars (RAY, SHK, and SUM), showing 10 explosions at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, and their respective directivity vectors

We used a novel system of three continuous wave Doppler radars to successfully record the directivity of i) Strombolian explosions from the active lava lake of Erebus volcano, Antarctica, ii) eruptions at Stromboli volcano, Italy, and iii) a man-made explosion in a quarry. Erebus volcano contains a convecting phonolite lava lake, presumably connected to a magma chamber at depth. It is one of the few open vent volcanoes that allow a direct observation of source processes during explosions. Its lava lake is the source of frequent violent Strombolian explosions, caused by large gas bubbles bursting at the lake surface. The exact mechanism of these bubble bursts is unclear, as is the mechanism of the creation of the infrasound signal accompanying the explosions. We use the Doppler radar data to calculate the directivity of Strombolian eruptions at Erebus. This allows us to derive information about the expected type of infrasound source pattern (i.e. the role of a dipole in addition to the monopole signature) and the physical structure of the volcano. We recorded 10 large explosions simultaneously with three radars, enabling us to calculate time series of 3D directivity vectors (i.e. effectively 4D), which describe the direction of preferred expansion of the gas bubble during an explosion. Such directivity information allows a comparison to dipole infrasound radiation patterns recorded during similar explosions only a few weeks later. Video observations of explosions support our interpretation of the measurements. We conclude that at Erebus, the directivity of explosions is mainly controlled by random processes. Since the geometry of the uppermost conduit is assumed to have a large effect on the directivity of explosions, the results suggest a largely symmetrical uppermost conduit with a vertical axis of symmetry. For infrasound recordings, a significant dipole signature can be expected in addition to the predominant monopole signature.

L'expédition d'Egypte /

On added t.p.: Septième série.--Format in-80 cavalier ill.

Voyage du maréchal duc de Raguse en Hongrie, en Transylvanie, dans la Russie méridionale, en Crimée, et sur les bords de la mer d'Azoff, à Constantinople, dan quelque parties de l'Asia-Mineure, en Syrie, en Palestine et en Égypte...

Vol. 5 has title: Voyage...en Sicile.

Nuevo diccionario geográfico manual : que contiene la descripción de todos los paises de las cinco partes del mundo, coordinado con arreglo á la geografía universal /

Sigue al tít.:y en vista de los diccionarios mas [sic] modernos que se han publicado hasta el día.

Précis de la géographie universelle : ou, Description de toutes les parties du monde sur un plan nouveau, d'après les grandes divisions naturelles du globe : précédée de l'histoire de la géographie chez les peuples anciens et modernes et d'une théorie générale de la géographie mathématique, physique et politique ... /

Contiene: T. III (1835. 672 p.) -- T. IV (1837. 520 p.) -- T. V (1835. 555 p.) -- T. VI (1835. 608 p.)

Voyage à la Cochinchine par les îles de Madère, de Ténériffe et du Cap Vert, le Brésil et l'île de Java ... accompagné de la relation officielle d'un voyage au pays des Boushouanas, dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique australe,

Mode of access: Internet.

Universal geography : or a description of all parts of the world, on a new plan, according to the great natural divisions of the globe; accompanied with analytical, synoptical, and elementary tables /

Translation of the author's précis de la géographie universelle, Paris, 1810-29.

Description du royaume de Camboge, par un voyageur chinois qui a visité cette contrée a la fin du XIIIe siècle; précédée d'une notice chronologique sur le même pays, extraite des Annales de la Chine;

"Extrait des Nouvelles annales des voyages publiées par MM. Eyriès et Malte - Brun, tom.III, lre. partie."

A system of universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world, on a new plan, according to the great natural divisions of the globe; accompanied with analytical, synoptical, and elementary tables.

"Memoir on the life and writings of Malte-Brun. By M. J. N. Huot": v.1, viii p. following Contents.

The personal narrative of James O. Pattie, of Kentucky : during an expedition from St. Louis, through the vast regions between that place and the Pacific ocean, and thence back through the city of Mexico to Vera Cruz, during journeyings of six years; in which he and his father, who accompanied him, suffered unheard of hardships and dangers, had various conflicts with the Indians, and were made captives, in which captivity his father died; together with a description of the country, and the various nations through which they passed /

Reprint of 1831 Cincinnati ed. and includes facsimile of original t.-p.

Itinéraire descriptif, historique et archéologique de l'Orient.

t.2 Malte, Égypte, Nubie, Abyssini, Sinai.--t.3. Syrie, Palestine, comprenant le Sinaí, l'Arabie Pétrée et la Cilicie, par A. Chauvet et É. Isambert.