Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss papers 1908-1973

Consists of correspondence, documents, speeches, reports and other writings, photographs, film and other records of Admiral Strauss' involvement with Jewish organizations and causes, as well as miscellaneous personal items.

Wilhelm Dorn Collection 1908-1937

Documents: passport (Deutsches Reich/1937); citizenship certificate (1908).

1838-1839 documents relating to Jacques Judah Lyons and his service to K.K. Beth Shalome, Richmond, Virginia

Digital image

[Cookbook of Frau Dr. Jonas] 1908-1912

Handwritten cookbook with entries of various recipes, started in Altona, Germany in 1908.

Kirkon vai valtion kirjat? : Uskontokuntasidonnaisuuden ongelma Suomen väestökirjanpidossa 1839-1904

The Population Register – run by the Church or the state? The problem posed by the obligation to belong to a religious community in the registration of births and deaths in Finland between 1839 and 1904 The Lutheran Church of Finland is the nation’s largest church; approximately 82 per cent of Finns were members in 2007. The Church ran an official register of its members until 1999, when the state then undertook this task. The registration of births and deaths by the Church has a long history dating back to the 17th century, when Bishop Johannes Gezelius Sr. decreed that all parish members would have to be recorded in parish registers. These registers were used to control how well parish members knew the Christian doctrine and, gradually, also if they were literate. Additionally, the Church attempted to ensure by means of the parish registers that parish members went to Holy Communion annually. Since everyone was a member of the Lutheran Church, the state also took advantage of the parish registers and used them for the purposes of tax collection and conscription. The main research theme of “The Population Register – run by the Church or the state?” goes back to these times. The actual research period covers the years of 1839–1904. At that time Finland was under Russian rule, although autonomous. In the late 19th century the press and different associations in Finland began to engage in public debate, and the country started moving from a submissive society to a civic one. The identity of the Lutheran Church also became more prominent when the Church Act and the General Synod were realised in 1869. A few years earlier, municipal and parish administrations had been separated, but the general registration of births and deaths was left to the Church to see to. In compliance with the constitution of the country, all the inhabitants in principle still had to be Lutheran. In practice, the situation was different. The religious and ideological realms diversified, and the Lutheran concept of religion was no longer acceptable to everyone. The conflict was reflected in the registration of births and deaths, which was linked to the Lutheran Church and its parish registers. Nobody was allowed to leave the Church, there was no civil register, and the Lutheran Church did not consent to record unbaptized children in the parish registers. Therefore such children were left without civil rights. Thus the obligation to belong to a religious community had become a problem in the registration of births and deaths. The Lutheran clergy also appealed to the 1723 privileges, according to which they had been exempted from the drawing up of additional population registers. In 1889 Finland passed the Dissenters Act. By virtue of this act the Baptists and the Methodists left the state Church, but this was not the case with the members of the free churches. The freethinkers had to retain their church membership, as the law did not apply to them. This meant that the unbaptized children of the members of the free churches or those of freethinkers were still not entered in any registers. The children were not able to go to school, work for the state or legally marry. Neither were they able to inherit property, as they did not legally exist. The system of parish registers was created when everyone was required to be a member of the Lutheran Church, but it did not work when liberal attitudes eventually penetrated the sphere of religion, too. The government´s measures to solve the problem were slow and cautious, partly because Finland was part of Russia, partly because there were only about 100 unbaptized children. As the problem group was small and the state´s resources were limited, no general civil register was established. The state accepted the fact that in spite of the problems, the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the congregations of dissenters were the only official establishments to run populations registers in the country, and for social purposes, too. In 1900 the Diet of Finland finally approved a limited civil register, which unbaptized children and unregistered foreigners would be recorded in. Due to political reasons the civil register did not come into existence until 1917, after the actual research period.

A invenção da lista aberta : o processo de implantação da representação proporcional no Brasil

Apresenta os conceitos de democracia e representação bem como os termos relevantes para melhor entendimento. Realiza revisão histórica da evolução das propostas de representação política nos séculos XIX e XX, com destaque para a representação proporcional no mundo e no Brasil e para as obras de Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil e de João C. Da Rocha Cabral. Analisa os trabalhos da Comissão responsável pela elaboração do Código Eleitoral de 1932, seu conteúdo e normas auxiliares. Aborda a questão da representação na Constituição de 1934 e a discussão de contestação do tratamento dado pelo Código de 1932 à representação proporcional. Esses debates conduzirão à revisão do código por parte do Congresso Nacional entre 1934 e 1935. Essa revisão, abordada em detalhes pela primeira vez entre trabalhos acadêmicos, levou à aprovação da Lei nº 48 de 1935, que é desde então a base do sistema nacional. Por fim, é abordado como a Lei nº 48 serviu de base para o Decreto-Lei 7.586 de 1945 (Lei Agamenon) e os códigos eleitorais que vieram posteriormente.

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1839

Parte 1 - Leis

Collecção das Leis da Republica dos Estados Unidos do Brazil de 1908

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo.

Defeza dos cidadãos Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva e Martin Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada

Defeza dos cidadãos Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva e Martin Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada Contém as acusações feitas a estes deputados e apresenta a peça de defesa produzida por Saturnino, que, na qualidade de advogado dos réus, refuta a existência dos crimes de sedição e conspiração de que são acusados e defende a liberdade de expressão. Ao fim do trabalho, é apresentada a sentença que os inocenta das acusações.

Antonio Machado y Lev Vigotski. Ironía o crítica como instancias modernizadoras

499 p. (Bibliogr. 443-474)

Memoria historica da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brazil / organizada por Manuel Fernandes Figueira ; e publicada por ordem da Directoria e autorisação do Ministério da Industria, Viação e Obras Publicas por occasião de celebrar-se aos 29 de março de 1908 o 50º anniversavio da inauguração do trafego do primeiro trecho, sob as vistas dos Srs. Drs. João José de S. Paulo ..., Carlos Euler, ..., e José Ascanio Burlamaqui, ..., sendo o director da estrada Dr. Aarão Reis

Referência: Fundação Biblioteca Nacional.

Synopose doa trabalhos da Camara dos Srs. Deputados : relativos ao anno de 1908 : acompanhados de differentes documentos : organisados na Secretaria da mesma Camara

Sinopse dos trabalhos da Câmara dos Deputados, em 1908.