A ESTRATÉGIA DA REGIONALIDADE: COOPERATIVISMO NA REGIÃO DO ABCD PAULISTA

A Região do Grande ABCD Paulista destaca-se por abrigar o mais significativo pólo industrial brasileiro. No entanto, muitas indústrias da região têm se retirado ocasionando desta forma, mudanças na estrutura social e econômica. Observa-se então que as cooperativas da Região do Grande ABCD Paulista começam a ganhar vitalização. As cooperativas neste momento de globalização se destacam em vários países, sendo elas, em essência associações de pessoas reunidas por um ou mais objetivos comuns. As principais perguntas que norteiam esta pesquisa são a representatividade dos ramos das cooperativas na Região do Grande ABCD Paulista, e suas contribuições sociais para a região. A natureza da pesquisa é exploratória, apresentando revisão bibliográfica desde o surgimento do cooperativismo até os dias atuais, fundamentada em um estudo de caso de uma cooperativa do ramo de transporte. Os dados foram coletados em base documental e entrevistas com cooperados, funcionários e diretores. No caso da cooperativa pesquisada o estudo proporcionou evidências significativas da melhoria de vida de seus cooperados, bem como a expansão da própria cooperativa, principalmente pela aquisição de sua sede própria., além do posicionamento como referência da sua logo marca no nicho de mercado em que atua.(AU)

A COMUNICAÇÃO MERCADOLÓGICA E A APROPRIAÇÃO DE UM ESTILO DE VIDA : ESTUDO DE CASO DA MARCA HARLEY DAVIDSON NO BRASIL

Este estudo busca entender como um processo de comunicação mercadológica pode vincular na mente de seus consumidores elementos simbólicos sobre estilo de vida e pertencimento a uma comunidade da marca alimentando o imaginário de seus consumidores por meio de uma filosofia de vida e forma de viver muito particular. A argumentação da marca é regida em relação ao pertencimento de seus consumidores a uma tribo, e o seu discurso aparenta ser semelhante em todos os cantos do mundo. O caso escolhido para estudo foi a Harley Davidson, pois é uma marca que integra todos esses elementos. Os procedimentos metodológicos escolhidos para esta dissertação foram pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que contribuíram para a formação do conhecimento teórico e informacional. Além disso, uma pesquisa de campo subdividida em: observação participante com os consumidores da cidade de Sorocaba; participantes do HOG, que é o moto clube exclusivo da marca, coleta de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os membros do HOG de Sorocaba, concessionário Sorocaba e funcionários da empresa no Brasil. Por meio desse trabalho percebeu-se que a comunicação mercadológica e suas ações vêm ao encontro das aspirações, sensações e desejos dos consumidores e como eles se identificam com a marca e com o estilo de vida proporcionado por ela. Os consumidores Harley Davidson são grandes entusiastas da marca e da sua filosofia de vida.

"Mídia, Cultura e Desenvolvimento: Estudo Comparado de Revistas Regionais"

Historicamente tido como nacional, o meio revista está sendo regionalmente reinventado. Seus moldes tradicionais passam por uma readaptação e os esquematismos dominantes na produção jornalística já não são homogêneos. Há um movimento setorial à procura de um novo mercado, incrustado nas especificidades regionais e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico que está vicejando num cotidiano desconhecido pela chamada grande imprensa. O mercado de revistas no Brasil cresce consecutivamente e de forma organizada há anos. Embora não haja registros nas fontes de autoridade, as revistas regionais e as tiragens têm se multiplicado velozmente, contrariando os revezes econômico-financeiros sentidos por outros setores da indústria cultural. Este fenômeno é o objetivo desta pesquisa: mapear a nova geografia do meio revista nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras para entender como as identidades regionais são processadas em favor da comunicação com públicos específicos, característica que está na essência da revista. Métodos mistos de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa traçam o caminho da justaposição necessária para descrever este surto de publicações regionais. Estudo de casos múltiplos e análise de conteúdo envolvendo cinco revistas de cada uma das regiões políticoadministrativas, descrevem e discutem as tendências da segmentação no mercado editorial além do eixo Rio-São Paulo. Como resultado desta investigação, chega-se às seguintes conclusões: a consolidação de um novo campo jornalístico regional, profissionalizado, competente e criativo, distante do amadorismo, do bairrismo e da mimetização simplista; os mais expressivos veículos de cada uma das cinco macro-regiões infra-nacionais, segundo o construto metodológico criado para esta pesquisa, trabalham as relações, modos e demandas de produção simbólica sem artificialismos; as identidades regionais instituídas estão intimamente ligadas às regiões de influência e as redes urbanas; o retrato do estilo de vida urbano estampado nas revistas do corpus reforça tanto o poder desta como veículo de comunicação, como retroalimenta os sotaques regionais nos níveis sociais onde são produzidas e digeridas.(AU)

Aspects of health among an employed population

This survey collected information on aspects of health amongst an employed population, employees in 14 different organisations in the West Midlands Regional Health Authority; and was a stratified sample of senior managers, middle managers and operatives. Nine hundred and sixty questionnaires were distributed asking for both quantitative and qualitative information on 58 questions covering health, work, family, leisure activities and life-style. A response rate of 48% (459 returned questionnaires) came from 290 men (63%), 165 women (36%) and four people (1%) who did not answer the gender question. The initial findings from this study are unique in that there has not been a specific review of the health of people at work. In answer to the main research questions, 92% felt they were healthy. Compared to others of a similar age, 34% felt their health was `above average', 58% `average', and 7&37 `below average'. Thirty two percent of respondents had visited their GP in the past 1-2 months; the highest reason given was disorders of the respiratory system, 20%. People's perceptions on the effects of work on their health were: good effect, 13% fair effect, 20% no effect, 27% poor effect, 27% and bad effect, 7%. The effects of leisure activities on health were thought to be more positive: good effect, 46% fair effect, 20% no effect, 21% poor effect, 3% and bad effect, 2%. The perceptions of effects of life-style on health were considered to be: good effect, 32% fair effect, 32% no effect, 20% poor effect, 9% and bad effect, 1%.  In this survey, leisure and life-style were seen by employees to have more beneficial effects on health than work. Future implications include a review of occupational health as a major policy development area within primary care. There is a need to influence the education and training of health care practitioners in order to affect their ability to practise effectively in this new and challenging area of work.

Pre-conception care : current practice and methods of provision

This thesis examines the present provisions for pre-conception care and the views of the providers of services. Pre-conception care is seen by some clinicians and health educators as a means of making any necessary changes in life style, corrections to imbalances in the nutritional status of the prospective mother (and father) and the assessment of any medical problems, thus maximizing the likelihood of the normal development of the baby. Pre-conception care may be described as a service to bridge the gap between the family planning clinic and the first ante-natal booking appointment. There were three separate foci for the empirical research - the Foresight organisation (a charity which has pioneered pre-conception care in Britain); the pre-conception care clinic at the West London Hospital, Hammersmith; and the West Midlands Regional Health Authority. The six main sources of data were: twenty five clinicians operating Foresight pre-conception clinics, couples attending pre-conception clinics, committee members of the Foresight organisation, staff of the West London Hospital pre-conception clinic, Hammersmith, District Health Education Officers working in the West Midlands Regional Health Authority and the members of the Ante-Natal Care Action Group, a sub-group of the Regional Health Advisory Group on Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. A range of research methods were adopted. These were as follows: questionnaires and report forms used in co-operation with the Foresight clinicians, interviews, participant observation discussions and informal meetings and, finally, literature and official documentation. The research findings illustrated that pre-conception care services provided at the predominantly private Foresight clinics were of a rather `ad hoc' nature. The type of provision varied considerably and clearly reflected the views held by its providers. The protocol which had been developed to assist in the standardization of results was not followed by the clinicians. The pre-conception service provided at the West London Hospital shared some similarities in its approach with the Foresight provision; a major difference was that it did not advocate the use of routine hair trace metal analysis. Interviews with District Health Education Officers and with members of the Ante Natal Care Action Group revealed a tentative and cautious approach to pre-conception care generally and to the Foresight approach in particular. The thesis concludes with a consideration of the future of pre-conception care and the prospects for the establishment of a comprehensive pre-conception care service.

What risk factors are associated with Alzheimer's disease?

A large number of risk factors have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article discusses the validity of the major risk factors that have been identified including age, genetics, exposure to aluminium, head injury, malnutrition and diet, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular disease, immune system dysfunction, and infection. Rare forms of early-onset familial AD (FAD) are strongly linked to the presence of specific gene mutations, viz. mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PSEN1/2) genes. By contrast, late-onset sporadic AD (SAD) is a multifactorial disorder in which age-related changes, genetic risk factors, such as allelic variation in apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene, vascular disease, head injury and risk factors associated with diet, the immune system, mitochondrial function, and infection may all be involved. Life-style changes that may reduce the effect of these risk factors and therefore, the risk of AD are discussed.

Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease

A large number of possible risk factors have been associated with Alzheimer'sdisease (AD).This chapter discusses the validity of the major risk factors that have been identifiedincluding age, genetics, exposure to aluminum, head injury, malnutrition and diet,mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular disease, immune system dysfunction, and infectionand proposes a hypothesis to explain how these various risk factors may cause ADpathology.Rare forms of early-onset familial AD (FAD) are strongly linked to the presence ofspecific gene mutations, viz. mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) andpresenilin (PSEN1/2) genes. By contrast, late-onset sporadic AD (SAD) is amultifactorial disorder in which age-related changes, genetic risk factors, such as allelicvariation in apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene, vascular disease, head injury and risk factorsassociated with diet, immune system, mitochondrial function, and infection may all beinvolved.These risk factors interact to increase the rate of normal aging (=allostatic load')which over a lifetime results in degeneration of neurons and blood vessels and as aconsequence, the formation of abnormally aggregated =reactive' proteins such as ß-amyloid (Aß) and tau leading to the development of senile plaques (SP) andneurofibrillary tangles (NFT) respectively. Life-style changes that may reduce theallostatic load and therefore, the risk of dementia are discussed.

Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years of age. It is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make life style choices that may reduce the risk of disease. This review discusses the role of genetics, sunlight, diet, cardiovascular factors, smoking, and alcohol as possible risk factors for AMD. Genetics plays a more significant role in AMD than previously thought, especially in younger patients, histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) and complement system genes being the most significant. Whether the risk of AMD is increased by exposure to sunlight, cardiovascular risk factors, and diet is more controversial. Smoking is the risk factor most consistently associated with AMD. Current smokers are exposed to a two to three times higher risk of AMD than non-smokers and the risk increases with intensity of smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to increase the risk of AMD. Optometrists as front-line informers and educators of ocular health play a significant role in increasing public awareness of the risks of AMD. Cessation of smoking, the use of eye protection in high light conditions, dietary changes, and regular use of dietary supplements should all be considered to reduce the lifetime risk of AMD.

Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years of age. It is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make life style choices that may reduce the risk of disease. This review discusses the role of genetics, sunlight, diet, cardiovascular factors, smoking, and alcohol as possible risk factors for AMD. Genetics plays a more significant role in AMD than previously thought, especially in younger patients, histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) and complement system genes being the most significant. Whether the risk of AMD is increased by exposure to sunlight, cardiovascular risk factors, and diet is more controversial. Smoking is the risk factor most consistently associated with AMD. Current smokers are exposed to a two to three times higher risk of AMD than non-smokers and the risk increases with intensity of smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to increase the risk of AMD. Optometrists as front-line informers and educators of ocular health play a significant role in increasing public awareness of the risks of AMD. Cessation of smoking, the use of eye protection in high light conditions, dietary changes, and regular use of dietary supplements should all be considered to reduce the lifetime risk of AMD.

Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years of age. It is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make life style choices that may reduce the risk of disease. This review discusses the role of genetics, sunlight, diet, cardiovascular factors, smoking, and alcohol as possible risk factors for AMD. Genetics plays a more significant role in AMD than previously thought, especially in younger patients, histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) and complement system genes being the most significant. Whether the risk of AMD is increased by exposure to sunlight, cardiovascular risk factors, and diet is more controversial. Smoking is the risk factor most consistently associated with AMD. Current smokers are exposed to a two to three times higher risk of AMD than non-smokers and the risk increases with intensity of smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to increase the risk of AMD. Optometrists as front-line informers and educators of ocular health play a significant role in increasing public awareness of the risks of AMD. Cessation of smoking, the use of eye protection in high light conditions, dietary changes, and regular use of dietary supplements should all be considered to reduce the lifetime risk of AMD.

HIV, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic arsenic exposure co-exist in a positive synergy

Recent epidemiological evidences indicate that arsenic exposure increases risk of atherosclerosis, cardio vascular diseases (CVD) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD) and microangiopathies in addition to the serious global health concern related to its carcinogenic effects. In experiments on animals, acute and chronic exposure to arsenic directly correlates with cardiac tachyarrhythmia, and atherogenesis in a concentration and duration dependent manner. Moreover, the other effects of long-term arsenic exposure include induction of non-insulin dependent diabetes by mechanisms yet to be understood. On the other hand, there are controversial issues, gaps in knowledge, and future research priorities in accelerated incidences of CVD and mortalities in patients with HIV who are under long-termanti-retroviral therapy (ART). Although, both HIV infection itself and various components of ART initiate significant pathological alterations in the myocardium and the vasculature, simultaneous environmental exposure to arsenic which is more convincingly being recognized as a facilitator of HIV viral cycling in the infected immune cells, may contribute an additional layer of adversity in these patients. A high degree of suspicion and early screening may allow appropriate interventional guidelines to improve the quality of lives of those affected. In this mini-review which have been fortified with our own preliminary data, we will discuss some of the key current understating of chronic arsenic exposure, and its possible impact on the accelerated HIV/ART induced CVD. The review will conclude with notes on recent developments in mathematical modeling in this field that probabilistically forecast incidence prevalence as functions of aging and life style parameters, most of which vary with time themselves; this interdisciplinary approach provides a complementary kernel to conventional biology.

Innovációs láncok falun. Két falusi esettanulmány a gazdasági újítások terjedéséről (Rural innovation chains. Two examples for diffusion of rural innovations)

Megközelítésemben az "innovációs lánc" olyan társadalmi kapcsolathálót jelent, ahol a kapcsolat tartalma egy gazdasági újítás átadása. Dolgozatom fõ kérdése az, hogy egy településen kialakult társadalmi hálózat szerkezete hogyan befolyásolja az innovációk átvételének útját és terjedési sebességét. __________ A chain of innovation is a social network, defined by offering or adopting an economic innovation. The main hypothesis is that the diffusion of rural innovations and the changes of life-style of the peasants (generally: the growth of market economy) do not necessarily restructure or destroy local networks, but in some cases they will be reinforceed.

Oribatid mites (Acari : Oribatida) in microcosms-A review

Oribatid mites are one of the most abundant and species rich group in soil mesofauna. In spite of this, we have limited knowledge on the role they play in ecological processes. Since they are small like other mesofauna members and live a hidden life, their observation is difficult. Their life style, interactions with other organisms and role in soil decomposition processes can be investigated with laboratory experiments more exactly and effectively. While the literature of microcosm studies is very extensive, relatively few review papers have been written about the methodology of microcosm studies. The present review summarizes details of techniques that have been applied laboratory microcosms involving oribatid mites. It is shown what one should keep in mind in planning, composing and setting up a microcosm. Our comparative evaluation reveals how the laboratory experiments were maintained and manipulated and what kind of information was extracted. This methodological review can be useful in preparing microcosm experiments applied to other animal groups as well.

Interação social e envelhecimento ativo: um estudo em duas praças de Natal/RN

In view of the evident increase in the population group of people over 60 years old, the aging process has raised important discussions on social, political and economical planning that recommend that the increase in longevity must be followed by autonomy and well-being. Faced to these demands, the literature reports that physical activity is a key strategy to promote better living conditions for the elderly. Studies about personenvironment are making efforts to understand the socio physical environment role to encourage old people to make activities in many different environments. Among these, the urban public open space has been reported by many researches as a promising alternative in order to adopt a less sedentary life style. Based on these considerations, this study proposed to investigate the relationship between the social environment support elements and social interaction of seniors in public squares in the city of Natal, RN, using a multimethodological approach that included a experts panel, environmental characteristics analysis of 252 squares, case studies containing collective and individual interviews with elderly users and the spatial representation of their social interactions. The association between physical activities with the socialization practiced by them was identified as the main motivation for their presence in these places. The results indicate that the relationship between the socio-environmental characteristics (concept developed in this study) and the socio-spatial behaviors that include the spatial appropriation, spatial arrangements and interpersonal distances, helps to promote social interactions in carrying out activities, which, according to the assumptions Active Ageing Program, enable the maintenance of an active way of life, with important implications for health, wellness and quality of life in old age

Trabalho e saúde: análise da relação entre condições de trabalho e motivação no emprego e suas interfaces com a saúde dos profissionais nos hospitais públicos

Health results from the interaction of biological, social, economic, political and cultural factors. Under this perspective, we aim to analyze the relationship among working in public emergency hospitals and the health-sickness of the professionals who work there. We are based in a quantitative and qualitative research, in which 240 health professionals (doctors, nurses, social workers, psychologists, dentists, nutritionists, audiologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists) answered a survey. All of them recognize the importance of work to guarantee favorable conditions to good health. However, they highlight its physical and mental wear effects on workers like stress, absence of a healthy life-style, high blood pressure, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders. It becomes urgent to face this reality, to enhance professionals' health and, consequently, the quality of user’s assistance, since the illness of health workers is strongly correlated with the existing health model in society.