Efflux pump of the proton antiporter family confers low-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Due to the resurgence of tuberculosis and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, fluoroquinolones (FQ) are being used in selected tuberculosis patients, but FQ-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have rapidly begun to appear. The mechanisms involved in FQ resistance need to be elucidated if the effectiveness of this class of antibiotics is to be improved and prolonged. By using the rapid-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model genetic system, a gene was selected that confers low-level FQ resistance when present on a multicopy plasmid. This gene, lfrA, encodes a putative membrane efflux pump of the major facilitator family, which appears to recognize the hydrophilic FQ, ethidium bromide, acridine, and some quaternary ammonium compounds. It is homologous to qacA from Staphylococcus aureus, tcmA, of Streptomyces glaucescens, and actII and mmr, both from Streptomyces coelicoler. Increased expression of lfrA augments the appearance of subsequent mutations to higher-level FQ resistance.

High fat diet-induced hyperglycemia: prevention by low level expression of a glucose transporter (GLUT4) minigene in transgenic mice.

High-fat intake leading to obesity contributes to the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2). Similarly, mice fed a high-fat (safflower oil) diet develop defective glycemic control, hyperglycemia, and obesity. To assess the effect of a modest increase in the expression of GLUT4 (the insulin-responsive glucose transporter) on impaired glycemic control caused by fat feeding, transgenic mice harboring a GLUT4 minigene were fed a high-fat diet. Low-level tissue-specific (heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue) expression of the GLUT4 minigene in transgenic mice prevented the impairment of glycemic control and accompanying hyperglycemia, but not obesity, caused by fat feeding. Thus, a small increase (< or = 2-fold) in the tissue level of GLUT4 prevents a primary symptom of the diabetic state in a mouse model, suggesting a possible target for intervention in the treatment of NIDDM.

Factors affecting the use of CaF2 : Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters for low-level environmental radiation monitoring /

Mode of access: Internet.

The problem of disposing of nuclear low-level waste : where do we go from here : report to the Congress /

"EMD-80-68."

Syllabus for low level performance for the qualifying examination in computer science /

"April, 1970"

Proceedings of the Symposium on Low-Level Waste Disposal, Site suitability Requirements: held at Crystal City, Virginia, December 8-9, 1981 /

Sponsered by Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.

Federal action plan for research and monitoring related to at-sea disposal of low-level radioactive wastes : FY 1986 to FY 1990

Mode of access: Internet.

Hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois /

Mode of access: Internet.

Permeability of covers over low-level radioactive-waste burial trenches, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York /

Bibliography: p. 34-35.

Low-level wind shear : a critical review /

"Meteorological Services Division, Silver Spring, Md., April 1979"

Annual report on the survey of low-level radioactive waste generators in Illinois for ...

Latest issue consulted: 1985.

Interim management plan for low-level radioactive waste in Illinois, 1986-1992 : draft /

"May, 1985."

Low-level radioactive waste : near-term management options for Illinois : a report to Governor James R. Thompson and the 83rd General Assembly /

Cover title.

Martinsville : report of the Illinois Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Siting Commission on its inquiry into the Martinsville alternative site /

Includes bibliographical references.

Proposed site-selection criteria for a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility /

"August 16, 1995."