Scoring system for renal pathology in Fabry disease: report of the international study group of fabry nephropathy (ISGFN).

BACKGROUND: In Fabry nephropathy, alpha-galactosidase deficiency leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in all kidney cell types, proteinuria and progressive loss of kidney function. METHODS: An international working group of nephrologists from 11 Fabry centres identified adult Fabry patients, and pathologists scored histologic changes on renal biopsies. A standardized scoring system was developed with a modified Delphi technique assessing 59 Fabry nephropathy cases. Each case was scored independently of clinical information by at least three pathologists with an average final score reported. RESULTS: We assessed 35 males (mean age 36.4 years) and 24 females (43.9 years) who mostly had clinically mild Fabry nephropathy. The average serum creatinine was 1.3 mg/dl (114.9 micromol/l); estimated glomerular filtration rate was 81.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and urine protein to creatinine ratio was 1.08 g/g (122.0 mg/mmol). Males had greater podocyte vacuolization on light microscopy (mean score) and glycosphingolipid inclusions on semi-thin sections than females. Males also had significantly more proximal tubule, peritubular capillary and vascular intimal inclusions. Arteriolar hyalinosis was similar, but females had significantly more arterial hyalinosis. Chronic kidney disease stage correlated with arterial and glomerular sclerosis scores. Significant changes, including segmental and global sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis were seen even in patients with stage 1-2 chronic kidney disease with minimal proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS: The development of a standardized scoring system of both disease-specific lesions, i.e. lipid deposition related, and general lesions of progression, i.e. fibrosis and sclerosis, showed a spectrum of histologic appearances even in early clinical stage of Fabry nephropathy. These findings support the role of kidney biopsy in the baseline evaluation of Fabry nephropathy, even with mild clinical disease. The scoring system will be useful for longitudinal assessment of prognosis and responses to therapy for Fabry nephropathy.

Ecrire demain, penser aujourd'hui : la science-fiction à la croisée des disciplines : façonner une poétique, esquisser une pragmatique

Abstract De nature interdisciplinaire, ma thèse de doctorat porte sur les récits littéraires traditionnellement nommés de «science-fiction» - peu étudiés dans le milieu universitaire jusqu'à maintenant - et, plus particulièrement, sur le dialogue critique que ce genre littéraire peut instituer entre tout lecteur et la société technoscientifique au sein de laquelle il évolue au quotidien. Afin que cette tâche puisse être menée de manière rigoureuse, j'ai été conduit à faire entrer en résonance divers champs cognitifs non nécessairement liés a priori, à savoir les études littéraires (théorie de la mimèsis, théorie de la réception, théorie schaefferienne de la fiction et situations-limites sartriennes), anthropologiques (fonction du récit chez Jean Molino et Jérôme Brunner), économiques (histoire et théories du libéralisme), philosophiques (méditations heisenbergienne et heideggérienne sur la technique) et épistémologiques (liens entre technologies, sciences et société). En débutant par une réflexion historique sur l'émergence de la science moderne et du libéralisme économique, il s'agissait pour moi de montrer qu'entre ces deux savoirs, une alliance originale s'est nouée et ce, dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle : l'un a besoin de l'autre, et réciproquement. Il est ensuite mis en lumière qu'à la naissance de la science-fiction à la fin du XIXe siècle, correspond la nécessité, pour certains écrivains du moins, de réfléchir à l'évolution technoscientifique prise par la société de leur temps, ainsi qu'aux conséquences que ce progrès pourrait induire sur l'être humain en tant que sujet moral - une problématisation du rapport homme/technoscience par le biais de la fiction, donc. Lors de cette partie, je discute, d'une part, des éléments fondamentaux qui sont essentiels pour établir une poétique originale de la science-fiction - la conjecture, la structure des univers et les thèmes - et, d'autre, part, des distinctions génériques qu'il est important de discerner - j'en délimite trois : science-fiction «apologétique », «neutre » et «critique ». Finalement, mon travail se conclut par une réflexion, à partir de la pensée de Hans Jonas et de Jean-Pierre Dupuy, sur la fonction active que peuvent jouer les romans de science-fiction au niveau éthique. Pour le dire autrement, la fin de mon étude propose, en premier lieu, d'esquisser une «pragmatique de la science-fiction» ; puis, en second lieu, mon enquête stipule que la prise en charge sérieuse de ces récits conduit à la possibilité de concevoir une forme particulière de «catastrophisme éclairé », que j'appelle «heuristique du catastrophisme éclairé » conjurer les dangers et les périls qui pourraient éventuellement nous menacer, c'est avant tout croire qu'ils pourraient se réaliser si on ne les pense pas ou si on n'agit pas. Cette étape, souhaitée par les éthiciens, est justement celle qui me semble caractériser les récits de science-fiction critique. En ce sens, je montre que si la science-fiction écrit «demain », ce n'est en tout cas pas pour le fantasmer ou le prédire, mais, au contraire, pour mieux penser ce qui lui donne forme : l'« aujourd'hui ».

A comparative phenotypic study of kallmann syndrome patients carrying monoallelic and biallelic mutations in the prokineticin 2 or prokineticin receptor 2 genes.

Context: Both biallelic and monoallelic mutations in PROK2 or PROKR2 have been found in Kallmann syndrome (KS). Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the phenotypes of KS patients harboring monoallelic and biallelic mutations in these genes. Design and Patients: We studied clinical and endocrine features that reflect the functioning of the pituitary-gonadal axis, and the nonreproductive phenotype, in 55 adult KS patients (42 men and 13 women), of whom 41 had monoallelic mutations and 14 biallelic mutations in PROK2 or PROKR2. Results: Biallelic mutations were associated with more frequent cryptorchidism (70% vs. 34%, P < 0.05) and microphallus (90% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and lower mean testicular volume (1.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.5 +/- 6.0 ml; P < 0.01) in male patients. Likewise, the testosterone level as well as the basal FSH level and peak LH level under GnRH-stimulation were lower in males with biallelic mutations (0.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml; P = 0.05, 0.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.8 +/- 3.0 IU/liter; P < 0.05, and 0.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.2 +/- 5.5 IU/liter; P < 0.05, respectively). Nonreproductive, nonolfactory anomalies were rare in both sexes and were never found in patients with biallelic mutations. The mean body mass index of the patients (23.9 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2) in males and 26.3 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2) in females) did not differ significantly from that of gender-, age-, and treatment-matched KS individuals who did not carry a mutation in PROK2 or PROKR2. Finally, circadian cortisol levels evaluated in five patients, including one with biallelic PROKR2 mutations, were normal in all cases. Conclusion: Male patients carrying biallelic mutations in PROK2 or PROKR2 have a less variable and on average a more severe reproductive phenotype than patients carrying monoallelic mutations in these genes. Nonreproductive, nonolfactory clinical anomalies associated with KS seem to be restricted to patients with monoallelic mutations.

La "bientraitance", exploration du concept et essai d'utilisation en santé publique: une expérience à Fribourg (Suisse). ["Bientraitance": conceptual exploration and an example of its application in public health: an experience from Fribourg, Switzerland]

Since the year 2000, the concept of "bientraitance" (for which no equivalent term has yet emerged in either the English or German language) has gained widespread credence among educators, sociologists and health professionals in France and Belgium. This concept emphasizes a constructive approach to care and education rather than merely one of prevention of disasters. Applied in public health, and in particular to mental health promotion, the use of the concept of "bientraitance" can help promote both effectiveness and meaning in the design and planning of community interventions. The article presents an example of an intervention for children and adolescents in Fribourg, Switzerland. The underpinning hypothesis is that the children and youth groups (such as sports clubs, artistic and cultural associations, scouts and guides) represent largely untapped, or under-tapped, informal health resources with a favourable cost-effectiveness profile. "Bientraitance" criteria are used in selecting certain associations offering structured extracurricular group educational activities and collective out-of-school (or after school) programmes. Support is provided to the organisations selected for recruiting new members, in particular those with potentially lower levels of access, for example disabled children or new migrants. The results will be evaluated for the impact of participation in various out-of-school activities on health and health determinants from a prospective and comparative perspective. This paper shows how the concept of "bientraitance" can be useful in the development of a public health intervention.

A la recherche d'une dynamique perdue: la politique suisse des drogues à l'épreuve du temps.

Le modèle des 4 piliers de notre politique drogues sert volontiers d'exemple dans les discussions en cours sur une politique intégrée des substances psychotropes. Si des succès importants ont été obtenus, il convient cependant de ne pas sombrer dans un satisfecit complaisant sur la réalité de notre politique drogues. Malgré l'ancrage législatif des 4 piliers, de nombreux défis demeurent.

Qualidade de goiaba-serrana em resposta à temperatura de armazenamento e ao tratamento com 1-metilciclopropeno

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar a fisiologia e avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e da aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de goiaba-serrana (Acca selowiana), em acessos do banco ativo de germoplasma da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina. Os frutos foram colhidos na maturação comercial. Os genótipos Brasil (acesso 387) e Uruguai (acesso 454) foram avaliados quanto ao comportamento respiratório e de produção de etileno a 20ºC, e taxas respiratórias e alterações na cor da casca a 0, 5, 10, 20 e 30ºC. O genótipo Brasil (acesso 242) foi avaliado quanto ao amadurecimento a 4ºC, após tratamento com 1-MCP (0, 500 e 1.500 ppb). Os genótipos Brasil (acesso 387) e Uruguai (acesso 454) apresentaram comportamento climatérico, com picos de produção de etileno e de taxa respiratória aos 8 e 12 dias de armazenamento a 20ºC, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre as taxas respiratórias e de produção de etileno entre os genótipos, nessa temperatura. Houve aumento substancial na taxa respiratória em ambos os genótipos, com o aumento de 0 para 30ºC, com coeficiente metabólico de 3,5 aproximadamente. Com o aumento na temperatura, houve maior alteração na cor verde da epiderme, em frutos do tipo Brasil, e maior escurecimento da epiderme, em frutos do tipo Uruguai. Frutos do genótipo Brasil (acesso 242), tratados com 1-MCP e armazenados a 4ºC, apresentaram retardamento no amadurecimento.

Characterization and multivariate classification of grapes and wines of two Cabernet Sauvignon clones

The objective of this work was to assess and characterize two clones, 169 and 685, of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and to evaluate the wine produced from these grapes. The experiment was carried out in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil, during the 2009 harvest season. During grape ripening, the evolution of physical-chemical properties, phenolic compounds, organic acids, and anthocyanins was evaluated. During grape harvest, yield components were determined for each clone. Individual and total phenolics, individual and total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity were evaluated for wine. The clones were also assessed regarding the duration of their phenological cycle. During ripening, the evolution of phenolic compounds and of physical-chemical parameters was similar for both clones; however, during harvest, significant differences were observed regarding yield, number of bunches per plant and berries per bunch, leaf area, and organic acid, polyphenol, and anthocyanin content. The wines produced from these clones showed significant differences regarding chemical composition. The clones showed similar phenological cycle and responses to bioclimatic parameters. Principal component analysis shows that clone 685 is strongly correlated with color characteristics, mainly monomeric anthocyanins, while clone 169 is correlated with individual phenolic compounds.

Zbior wzorowy rozmaitych polskich ubiorow , pędzlem znanego malarza Norblin, wydanych a przez slawnego Debucourt, na miedzi wyrzniętych

Référence bibliographique : Bystroń

Zbior wzorowy rozmaitych polskich ubiorow , pędzlem znanego malarza Norblin, wydanych a przez slawnego Debucourt, na miedzi wyrzniętych

Référence bibliographique : Bystroń

Recherches sur les substances nutritives que renferment les os, ou Mémoire sur les os provenant de la viande de boucherie, sur les moyens de les conserver, d'en extraire de la gélatine par la vapeur, etc. , par M. d'Arcet,... et Mémoire sur l'application spéciale de ce procédé à la nourriture des ouvriers... par M. A. de Puymaurin,...

Comprend : Mémoire sur l'application spéciale de ce procédé [extraction de la gélatine que renferment les os] à la nourriture des ouvriers de la Monnaie royale...

Prospective monitoring of a CD4(+) CD25(high) CD45RO(+) CD127(high) T cell population after first kidney transplantation following thymoglobulin or basiliximab induction

Introduction: Recent data have suggested that a population of CD4+ CD25high T cells, phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD45RO and CD127, is significantly expanded in stable liver and kidney transplant recipients and represents alloreactive T cells. Induction therapies may have an impact on this alloreactive T cell population. In this study, we prospectively analyzed CD4+ CD25high CD45RO+ CD127high T cells after induction with either thymoglobulin or basiliximab. Patients & methods: A total of twenty-seven kidney transplant recipients were prospectively enrolled; 14 received thymoglobulin induction followed by a 4-day course of steroids with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil ("thymo group"), and 13 received basiliximab induction followed by standard triple immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone) ("BSX group"). Phenotypical analysis by flow cytometry of the expression of CD25, CD45RO and CD127 on peripheral CD4+ T cells was performed at 0, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. Twenty-four healthy subjects (HS) were studied as controls. Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups; at 6 months, patient survival (100%), graft survival (100%), serum creatinine (thymo versus BSX group: 129 versus 125 μmol/l) and acute rejection (2/14 versus 2/13) were not significantly different. Thymo induction produced a strong CD4 T cell depletion. As compared to pre-transplantation values, an expansion of the alloreactive T cell population was observed at 3 months in both thymo (mean: from 6.38% to 14.72%) and BSX (from 8.01% to 18.42%) groups. At 6 months, the alloreactive T cell population remained significantly expanded in the thymo group (16.92 ± 2.87%) whereas it tended to decrease in the BSX group (10.22 ± 1.38%). Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that the expansion of alloreactive T cells occurs rapidly after transplantation in patients receiving either thymo or BSX induction. Whether differences at later timepoints or whether different IS regimens may modify this alloreactive population remains to be studied.

Sonate en si mineur pour flûte et clavier / J. S. Bach, comp.

Titre uniforme : [Sonates. Flûte, clavier. BWV 1030. Si mineur]