Estudio del propoleos de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar las características físico-químicas del propóleos de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Las muestras se recolectaron de colmenas ubicadas en los departamentos Capital, Banda y Robles. Se determinaron: color, olor, sabor consistencia y aspecto. Las muestras por lo general, se presentaron en trozos irregulares con brillo, de estructura homogénea, consistencia dura. El color fue marrón oscuro, olor resinoso aromático y sabor picante. El porcentaje de impurezas mecánicas, cera y resinas se encuentran de valores normales. El índice de oxidación, las concentraciones de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides y la actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus permiten concluir que la calidad del propóleos de los departamentos estudiados es buena.

Distribution of aflatoxin contamination in maize samples

The distribution of the aflatoxin contamination was studied among four maize fractions, separated according to Brazilian grading rules for maize. The fraction that contained fermented, moldy, heated and sprouted grains normally had the highest levels of aflatoxin. However, the fraction contribution to the whole sample contamination level took into account the contamination fraction level and its weight to the whole sample. Considering this, the fraction that contained insect damaged, hollow, up to ¼ fermented and grains damaged by other causes was normally the fraction responsible for the total contamination level in the samples. Nevertheless, the fraction contributions were variable from sample to sample. Therefore, in conclusion, it was not possible to establish a standard behavior for grain fraction-type contribution for different maize lots. The Brazilian grading by qualitative types applied to samples did not show statistic correlation with aflatoxin contamination levels (P<0.05). Two type-1 samples (the best quality type) presented contamination of 380 and 146ng/g. The number of samples with contamination levels above those allowed by Brazilian law (20ng/g) was the same for qualitative types 2, 3, and BS (Below Standard).

Effect of modified clays on the structure and functional properties of biofilms produced with zein

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the structure and some functional properties of biofilms added with modified clays (Cloisite® 15A and Cloisite® 30B) prepared by the casting method. The analysis of the microstructure of the films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Optical microscopy (MO), and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the addition of clay in the films resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous microstructure, microcomposite or tactoid. Due to the formation of a microcomposite structure, functional properties of the films added with both clays such as opacity, solubility, and permeability to water vapor (PVA), were not better than those of the control film. Thus, it was concluded that although it is possible to produce a film added with modified clays using the casting method, it was not possible to obtain intercalation or exfoliation in a nanocomposite, which would result in improved functional properties.

Estudo enzimático da deterioração de sementes de Melanoxylon brauna submetidas ao envelhecimento natural e acelerado

Não há conhecimento específico para sementes florestais quanto aos processos metabólicos envolvidos durante o armazenamento, o que dificulta o estabelecimento de técnicas para sua conservação adequada. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a participação de enzimas do estresse oxidativo e metabolismo de lipídios durante o armazenamento ou envelhecimento acelerado. Sementes de brauna (Melanoxylon brauna - Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) foram envelhecidas naturalmente durante o armazenamento por 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses em câmara fria e artificialmente (envelhecimento acelerado) durante 0, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas, com objetivo de avaliar alterações na atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase e catalase e nos teores de lipídios. Para isso, foram realizados testes de germinação, avaliadas a atividade enzimática e quantificados os teores de lipídios no eixo embrionário e nos cotilédones. O envelhecimento natural e acelerado afetou de forma semelhante o comportamento das sementes de brauna, promovendo redução do vigor. Embora os efeitos dos dois tipos de envelhecimento afetassem igualmente a germinação, o envelhecimento artificial a 45 ºC por 72 horas simula adequadamente o comportamento enzimático manifestado pelas sementes armazenadas por 12 meses em câmara fria. Houve semelhante redução gradativa das reservas de lipídios em ambos os sistemas de envelhecimento, mas sem correlação entre o armazenamento natural e o envelhecimento acelerado.

Alterations in the lipid and soluble sugar content of melanoxylon brauna seeds during natural and accelerated ageing

The decay of seeds is irreversible and at best can only be delayed by applying techniques that reduce the velocity of the metabolic reactions involved. There is little information on the biochemistry of tropical forest tree seeds related to their storability. It was investigated the influence of the composition of lipids and soluble sugars of two storage compartments, the cotyledons and the embryonic axis, of Melanoxylon brauna Schot. (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae), a hardwood known as black brauna, seeds stored at 20 ºC for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (natural ageing) and for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 40 ºC (accelerated ageing). The levels of fatty acids and monosaccharides varied differentially in each of the embryo storage compartments. Changes in oligosaccharide levels were similar for both types of ageing, diminishing in both compartments. Ageing can be attributed to the significant decrease of oligosaccharides and the increase of glucose in both types of ageing and both embryo compartments.

Resolución No. 54947 - SIC: Por la cual se decide sobre un recurso de apelación

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