Uso de indicadores hidrológicos para classificação de trechos de estradas florestais quanto ao escoamento superficial

Forest roads are frequently pointed as source of environmental problems related to erosion and they also influence harvest cost due to maintenance operations. Roads not well designed are sources of hydrological problems on catchments and the current attention to sustainability of forest exploration projects point out to the need of diagnostics tools for guiding the redesign of the road system. At this study, runoff hydrological indicators for forest road segments were assessed in order to identify critical points of erosion and water concentration on soils. A road network of a forest production area was divided into 252 road segments that were used as observations of four variables: mean terrain slope, main segment slope, LS factor and topographic index. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics for outliers' identification, principal component analysis and for variability study between variables and between observations, and cluster analysis for similar segments groups' identification. The results allowed classifying roads segments into five mains road types: road on the ridge, on the valley, on the slopes, on the slopes but in a contour line and on the steepest slope. The indicators were able to highlight the most critical segments that differ of others and are potential sources of erosion and water accumulation problems on forest roads. The principal component analysis showed two main variability sources related to terrain topographic characteristics and also road design, showing that indicators represent well those elements. The methodology seems to be appropriated for identification of critical road segments that need to be redesigned and also for road network planning at new forest exploration projects.

Avaliação da remoção de sedimentos pela operação de nivelamento de estradas florestais

The forest roads construction inevitably causes environmental impacts to adjacent ecosystems and streams. Also the routine activities of roads maintenance may similarly cause environmental impacts of about the same magnitude. The material scraped from the roadway by the motor grader is usually distributed along the roadsides, from where it may easily be washed out toward the streams. Therefore, quantifying the amount of sediments removed during road maintenance activities may provide important information of this stream sedimentation potential. For this purpose, three forest roads were divided in 30 m long segments, marked with leveled stakes. A nylon thread was then stretched across the leveled stakes and the distance from the nylon thread to the road surface was measured before and after the mechanical scraping of the road. The average removal of sediments was of 2,13 cm. Considering the mean density of soil 1,6 g cm -3, the average removal of sediments was of 341 t ha -1 of road. Considering still a 3,9 m wide and 150 m long road as an example, the total amount of removed sediments would be around 19,9 t. Road maintenance, therefore, must be well planned in order to avoid or minimize stream sedimentation.

Efeito do tratamento químico na sanidade de sementes de espécies florestais

This study evaluated the effect of different fungicide and sodium hypochlorite treatments in reducing the incidence of fungi on seeds of native species of the Atlantic rainforest. The experiment was done using the completely randomized design in a 5×5 factorial with five levels of factor A (forest species) and five levels of factor B (chemical treatment and surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite) with four replications. The fungal genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified. The species 'Jacarandáda- Bahia' and 'Ipê-roxo' had lower fungal incidence, 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Except for 'Angico Vermelho', the fungicide pencycurom and sodium hypochlorite were not significantly different from the control in the species evaluated. Seed treatment with fungicides 'Captan' and 'Tiram' yielded satisfactory results in reducing the incidence of fungal contamination in forest species seeds.

Contribuição diferencial de quatro famílias de aves dispersoras de sementes na recuperação de habitats florestais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade de morcegos em dois fragmentos florestais da região noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A importância de fragmentos florestais na diversidade de anfíbios anuros em Icém, Região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência de fragmentos florestais nativos sobre os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuições da conectância de rede e complexidade da dinâmica do sistema de trocas gasosas para a estabilidade na utilização de luz por espécies florestais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Flora e distribuição ecológica de comunidades de macroalgas lóticas de fragmentos florestais da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Leguminosas arbustivas e arbóreas de fragmentos florestais remanescentes no noroeste paulista, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise multicritérios na definição de áreas prioritárias à conectividade entre fragmentos florestais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Qualidade de cavacos produzidos em sistemas florestais de curta rotação de eucalipto para fins energéticos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Uso e manejo de plantas alimentares em ambientes agrícolas e florestais em Iporanga, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da diversidade de basidiomicetos poliporóides de fragmentos florestais remanescentes do noroeste paulista

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE

Padronização do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de três espécies florestais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FCAV