El suelo : epidermis viva de la Tierra.

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Concurso de proyectos de cooperación en materia de investigación entre departamentos universitarios y departamentos de Institutos de Educación Secundaria o equipos de personal docente, Gobierno de Aragón 2009-10

Dam wall detection and tracking using a Mechanically Scanned Imaging Sonar

In dam inspection tasks, an underwater robot has to grab images while surveying the wall meanwhile maintaining a certain distance and relative orientation. This paper proposes the use of an MSIS (mechanically scanned imaging sonar) for relative positioning of a robot with respect to the wall. An imaging sonar gathers polar image scans from which depth images (range & bearing) are generated. Depth scans are first processed to extract a line corresponding to the wall (with the Hough transform), which is then tracked by means of an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) using a static motion model and an implicit measurement equation associating the sensed points to the candidate line. The line estimate is referenced to the robot fixed frame and represented in polar coordinates (rho&thetas) which directly corresponds to the actual distance and relative orientation of the robot with respect to the wall. The proposed system has been tested in simulation as well as in water tank conditions

Luis Antonio Robles sombra y luz : con la sombra en la epidermis y la luz en el alma

Mediante el presente texto se quiere resaltar la vida de Luis Antonio Robles ("El negro Robles", como se le conoce), quien vivió en una importante época de la construcción de nuestro país, en la cual ni era común que alguien de su raza llegase a las instituciones de educación superior y, mucho menos, que ocupase altos cargos e incidiese en la vida policía como él hizo. Luis Antonio Robles ingresó a la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en 1868; fue Colegial y se graduó como doctor en Jurisprudencia en el año 1872, destacándose por su inteligencia y su excelente rendimiento académico. El 11 de mayo de 2010, el señor rector y los Conciliarios del Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario invitaron a toda la comunidad académica al descubrimiento de una placa conmemorativa de Luis A. Robles "El Negro Robles" que dice: " Luis A. Robles. 1849-1899. Colegial. Doctor en Jurisprudencia, catedrático servidor del a República. Su vida y obra ejemplares enseñaron que la sangre afrocolombiana nutre las raíces de la patria". Es importante destacar la concurrida presencia tanto de los miembros de la comunidad rosarista como de distinguidos representantes de la vida política, de líderes de las comunidades afrocolombianas, así como de una delegación que se desplazó desde varias ciudades de La Guajira y de algunos miembros de la Fundación Luis Antonio Robles. El reconocimiento que se quiere hacer hoy al a vida de Luis Antonio Robles parte de la presentación que a continuación se hace del texto "introducción a la filosofía de la moral y las ciencias políticas" que recoge los apuntes de clase del doctor Robles y el cual se encuentra comentado por el Dr. Jacobo Pérez Escobar, quien de manera muy gentil nos permitió su reproducción. Adicionalmente, se presentan las palabras que en el homenaje hicieron el doctor Hans Peter Knudsen Quevedo, Rector del Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario y el doctor Jacobo Pérez Escobar, principal biógrafo de Luis Antonio Robles. De igual forma se presentan las palabras de la estudiante de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Diana Carolina Prado Mosquera y el texto "El Negro Robles: Adalid de la democracia" el doctor Amylkar D. Acosta M, quien gentilmente también nos ha permitido reproducirlo. En la parte final se incluye la galería fotográfica donde se recogen las principales imágenes del homenaje que se realizó en el aula Máxima del Claustro, en honor a Luis Antonio Robles. Debemos agradecer, en primer término, al Dr. Jacobo Pérez Escobar por su desinteresada pero maravillosa participación en este proyecto, que nos permitió conocer de manera profunda la vida de Luis Antonio Robles; y, en segundo lugar, al Dr. Amylkar D. Acosta por su aporte del texto que a continuación presentaremos.

The fall of the Berlin wall.

Se narra la caída del muro de Berlín, que había separado la ciudad en dos, y el fin de la división de Alemania tras la derrota de las fuerzas de Hitler en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. También, se explican los acontecimientos históricos y políticos que propiciaron tanto su construcción en 1961 como su derrumbamiento en 1989.

Orde Wingate, the Iron Wall and Counter-terrorism in Palestine, 1936-1939

A pamphlet published by the British Army's Strategic and Combat Studies Institute on the then Captain Orde Wingate's formation and command of the Anglo-Jewish Special Night Squads in the Palestine Arab revolt of 1936-1939, with a discussion of their long-term strategic and political implications.

Pollen ultrastructure in anther cultures of Datura innoxia. II. The generative-cell wall.

In young pollen grains of Datura innoxia, a wall of the usual hemispherical type separates the 2 gametophytic cells initially and, in the electron microscope, appears as an electron-translucent matrix which is contiguous with the intine. Before detachment of the generative cell from the intine, the matrix decreases in thickness and in places is dispersed altogether leaving the plasmalemmae on either side of it in close apposition. A particularly prominent zone, triangular in profile, is left where the wall joins with the intine. After detachment of the cell, remnants of the matrix can be seen distributed irregularly around the cell and it is supposed that these are partly derived from material in the triangular zone as the cell is drawn away from the intine. The wall residues persist throughout the maturation phase of the pollen and are considered to be either callose resulting from incomplete digestion of the initial wall, or some other polysaccharide material which is unevenly laid down along the wall and concentrated at the junction with the intine. In pollen induced into embryogenesis by anther culture, wall material is also distributed irregularly around the detached cell in a series of discrete zones, but these are more extensive than in vivo, closer together and in many instances highly dilated. The wall profiles thus have a beaded appearance, the 'beads' being connected together by short links of the 2 apposed plasmalemmae. The contents of the swollen zones have a similar electron density to that of the matrix in vivo but also show traces of a fibrillar component. It is postulated that this unusual swelling is a prelude to dispersal of the wall by disruption of the plasmalemmal links and to the establishment of cytoplasmic continuity between the 2 cells. The significance of such binucleate pollen grains in the formation of non-haploid embryos is discussed.

The effect of environment on endosperm cell-wall development in Triticum aestivum during grain filling: an infrared spectroscopic imaging study

One of the major factors contributing to the failure of new wheat varieties is seasonal variability in end-use quality. Consequently, it is important to produce varieties which are robust and stable over a range of environmental conditions. Recently developed sample preparation methods have allowed the application of FT-IR spectroscopic imaging methods to the analysis of wheat endosperm cell wall composition, allowing the spatial distribution of structural components to be determined without the limitations of conventional chemical analysis. The advantages of the methods, described in this paper, are that they determine the composition of endosperm cell walls in situ and with minimal modification during preparation. Two bread-making wheat cultivars, Spark and Rialto, were selected to determine the impact of environmental conditions on the cell-wall composition of the starchy endosperm of the developing and mature grain, focusing on the period of grain filling (starting at about 14 days after anthesis). Studies carried out over two successive seasons show that the structure of the arabinoxylans in the endosperm cell walls changes from a highly branched form to a less branched form. Furthermore, during development the rate of restructuring was faster when the plants were grown at higher temperature with restricted water availability from 14 days after anthesis with differences in the rate of restructuring occurring between the two cultivars.

The cell wall and secretory proteome of a tobacco cell line synthesising secondary wall

The utility of plant secondary cell wall biomass for industrial and biofuel purposes depends upon improving cellulose amount, availability and extractability. The possibility of engineering such biomass requires much more knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, modification and assembly of cellulose, lignin and xylans. Proteomic data are essential to aid gene annotation and understanding of polymer biosynthesis. Comparative proteomes were determined for secondary walls of stem xylem and transgenic xylogenic cells of tobacco and detected peroxidase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinesterase and a number of defence/cell death related proteins, but not marker proteins of primary walls such as xyloglucan endotransglycosidase and expansins. Only the corresponding detergent soluble proteome of secretory microsomes from the xylogenic cultured cells, subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, could be determined accurately since, xylem-specific membrane yields were of poor quality from stem tissue. Among the 109 proteins analysed, many of the protein markers of the ER such as BiP, HSP70, calreticulin and calnexin were identified, together with some of the biosynthetic enzymes and associated polypeptides involved in polymer synthesis. However 53% of these endomembrane proteins failed identification despite the use of two different MS methods, leaving considerable possibilities for future identification of novel proteins involved in secondary wall polymer synthesis once full genomic data are available.