Literatura e imagen del cómic: Laura Pérez Vernetti-Blina

En esta tesis, a partir del estudio de la obra de Laura Pérez Vernetti, objeto de estudio, pretendo ofrecer una reflexión metodológica y crítica sobre el cómic española de proyección internacional en Europa y en el mundo, que nos conduzca a calibrar mejor el lugar que ocupa hoy en el ámbito internacional. Contexto histórico en el que se centra la metodología de esta tesis, situando esta metodología para enmarcar a Laura. Desde esta perspectiva de proyección internacional, ha sido de mi interés, seguir, para este análisis, varios períodos en los que se insertan tres grupos generacionales que nos han conducido hasta unos autores relevantes que han alcanzado categoría mundial, entre los que se encuentra Laura. La reflexión llevada a cabo abarca tanto los fenómenos ligados a la industria del cómic, como sus vinculaciones al arte y a la experimentación a la que se adscribe la obra de la dibujante Laura. Asimismo, pretendo valorar cúal ha sido su contribución a la historieta del cómic mundial partiendo del postulado del cómic como arte. Situando a Laura Pérez Vernetti-Blina dentro de esta evolución de las mentalidades. La evolución a la que asistimos ahora, hace que se estudie el cómic como arte, por eso los estudios han pasado de la semiología a la integración en una historia de las artes: de una aproximación semiológica a una aproximación estética. Cómic como arte. Y dentro de esta tendencia Laura presentaba una obra original para la investigación. Por eso su obra es tan singular y digna de interés. Pero antes, de estos objetivos, trazamos antes el perfil de dos autoras como precursoras de un cómic, Núria Pompeia e Isa Feu, de justa introducción a Laura, y más allá de éstas, una mirada retrospectiva a los años 30, una generación de dibujantes que se vieron limitadas a un tipo de cómic dirigido. Mi contribución en este estudio, al conocimiento de la autora, una de las más importantes del cómic español y una autora esencial de la nueva historieta española de la década de los ochenta. Partiendo del concepto de graphic novel asociada a cómic adulto, a la historieta de autor, para poder hablar de la nueva historieta española en la creación contemporánea. Partiendo de que el cómic es un medio de expresión gráfica eminentemente narrativo. La misma naturaleza fundamentalmente narrativa de la imagen secuencial la capacita para representar el tiempo y por lo tanto es idónea para la narración (cómic y cine). No podemos más que aseverar, que desde fines del siglo pasado y en los primeros años del nuevo siglo, se ha producido un salto cualitativo en la dedicación a la investigación de estos estudios. Mientras tanto, la labor del investigador en el ámbito del cómic puede y debe abrir horizontes continuados, con estudios pertinentes que nos conduzcan a reflexiones nuevas sobre esta manifestación artística de carácter “complejo”, como es el cómic, mediante el estudio y análisis de los autores, que se sirven de este medio para expresar sus inquietudes artísticas. No he tenido más pretensión en esta investigación, que proporcionar una contribución al conocimiento de la autora y al cómic en general. Valorando la aportación al conocimiento de la historieta, que abra horizontes nuevos, para las futuras investigaciones.

Caso Laura: análise de caso clínico da dengue

Caso clínico do Curso de Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Dengue, ofertado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde - UNASUS. Discute uma paciente que procura a Unidade de Pronto-Atendimento do seu município, que vinha sofrendo com uma epidemia de dengue. Está na 28ª semana de gestação e vinha fazendo o pré-natal na Unidade Básica de Saúde, sem intercorrências. Relata que, há três dias, apresenta um quadro de febre, mal-estar, mialgia, náuseas, cefaleia. Nega comorbidades. No dia do atendimento, passou a apresentar dor abdominal forte.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde de Hipertensos e/ou Diabéticos na UBS/ESF Dona Laura Em Marcelino Ramos Viera/RN

Resumo GONZALES, Dominguez Osmar. Melhoria da atenção à saúde de hipertensos e/ou diabéticos na UBS/ESF Dona Laura em Marcelino Ramos Viera/RN. 2015. 108F.. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. A intervenção tem como objetivo geral o programa que busca Atenção à Saúde de portadores de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e Diabetes Mellitus inseridos na área de abrangência da UBS Dona Laura, cidade de Marcelino Vieira, Rio Grande do Norte. A mesma se desenvolve na UBS em doze semanas, realizado pela equipe de saúde junto com o trabalho dos demais programas. Quando nos deparamos com o material disponibilizado e comparamos com a realidade do povo brasileiro, percebemos que é preciso fazer mudanças no estilo de vida da população, hábitos e costumes, além de fazer mudanças nos fatores de risco da população. Existe uma alta prevalência e incidência de doenças crônicas no Brasil, tendo muitas morbidades e mortalidade por estas causas, as pessoas idosas tem maior porcentagem, mas não escapam os jovens. Marcelino Vieira é um município pequeno apresentado 70% da população maior de 20 anos. O município dispõe de uma UBS que situa-se no centro da cidade, com o modelo assistencial ESF e Saúde Bucal. Pela localização da UBS, tem uma população grande, idosa, sobre tudo com doenças crônicas. No início, organizamos o trabalho para melhorar a quantidade da atenção á população, assim como para melhorar a qualidade dos atendimentos, dessa forma foi que iniciamos a intervenção, que atingiu 396 hipertensos e 102 diabéticos cadastrados, ou seja, 39,1% e 53,7% de cobertura respectivamente em 12 semanas de desenvolvimento da mesma. Os resultados quantitativos, mas significativos obtidos foi o número de usuários com adesão ao programa, os resultados qualitativos mais significativos obtidos mostram a qualidade com que se desenvolveram todos os itens planejados na população atendida. A importância da intervenção para a comunidade é a satisfação do trabalho feito de forma geral, esses usuários já tem os dias específicos para o atendimento, recebem consultas integrais, e o médico de forma regular, tem envolvimento dos hipertensos e diabéticos na melhoria da saúde individual, já tem uma atenção médica de qualidade, muitos dos usuários atingidos suas doenças foram descobertas pela ação da atividade, quanto antes se avalie permite fazer um controle dos fatores de risco, um tratamento eficaz e evitar as complicações. O desenvolvimento do projeto para o serviço trouxe melhoras no acolhimento, na forma de escuta e atenção aos usuários, o fluxograma da unidade mudou para melhor, usou-se espaços e momentos do dia de trabalho para desenvolver ações de saúde que antes não existia, a equipe de saúde preparou-se melhor para atingir um número maior de usuários, brindo uma atenção mais integral com conhecimentos aprofundados sobre o desenvolvimento dessa ação programática para cada usuário nessa faixa etária. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Doença Crônica; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica.

Caso clínico Laura [discussão]

Os médicos Alexandre Moura e Maria Vitória Mourão discutem nesse vídeo sobre o Caso Laura do Curso Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Dengue. Laura é uma gestante que apresenta sinais e sintomas compatíveis com dengue, o que a coloca em um grau de maior risco de evolução desfavorável. Por ser gestante, apresentar quadro ferbil e dor abdominal, Laura já se encaixa no grupo C. Nesses casos, a orientação é a realização de uma anamnese completa e o exame físico. O exame físico deve ser realizado delicadamente, e uma atenção redobrada deve ser dada ao aumento da frequência cardíaca e redução PA, naturais da gravidez mas que também podem indicar sinais de dengue. Neste recurso, os médicos discutem sobre a conduta e dão dicas de procedimentos e tratamentos para melhor atender situações como esse caso bem como revelam a evolução do quadro e destino de Laura.

Adapting The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test To Diagnose Parkinson's Disease In Estonia.

The aim of the study was to develop a culturally adapted translation of the 12-item smell identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS-12) for the Estonian population in order to help diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). A standard translation of the SS-12 was created and 150 healthy Estonians were questioned about the smells used as response options in the test. Unfamiliar smells were replaced by culturally familiar options. The adapted SS-12 was applied to 70 controls in all age groups, and thereafter to 50 PD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. 14 response options from 48 used in the SS-12 were replaced with familiar smells in an adapted version, in which the mean rate of correct response was 87% (range 73-99) compared to 83% with the literal translation (range 50-98). In PD patients, the average adapted SS-12 score (5.4/12) was significantly lower than in controls (average score 8.9/12), p < 0.0001. A multiple linear regression using the score in the SS-12 as the outcome measure showed that diagnosis and age independently influenced the result of the SS-12. A logistic regression using the SS-12 and age as covariates showed that the SS-12 (but not age) correctly classified 79.0% of subjects into the PD and control category, using a cut-off of <7 gave a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 86% for the diagnosis of PD. The developed SS-12 cultural adaption is appropriate for testing olfaction in Estonia for the purpose of PD diagnosis.

Changes In The Bacterial Community Of Soil From A Neutral Mine Drainage Channel.

Mine drainage is an important environmental disturbance that affects the chemical and biological components in natural resources. However, little is known about the effects of neutral mine drainage on the soil bacteria community. Here, a high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing approach was used to evaluate differences in composition, structure, and diversity of bacteria communities in samples from a neutral drainage channel, and soil next to the channel, at the Sossego copper mine in Brazil. Advanced statistical analyses were used to explore the relationships between the biological and chemical data. The results showed that the neutral mine drainage caused changes in the composition and structure of the microbial community, but not in its diversity. The Deinococcus/Thermus phylum, especially the Meiothermus genus, was in large part responsible for the differences between the communities, and was positively associated with the presence of copper and other heavy metals in the environmental samples. Other important parameters that influenced the bacterial diversity and composition were the elements potassium, sodium, nickel, and zinc, as well as pH. The findings contribute to the understanding of bacterial diversity in soils impacted by neutral mine drainage, and demonstrate that heavy metals play an important role in shaping the microbial population in mine environments.

Thermodynamic Study Of The Micellization Of Zwitterionic Surfactants And Their Interaction With Polymers In Water By Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.

The micellization of a homologous series of zwitterionic surfactants, a group of sulfobetaines, was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in the temperature range from 15 to 65 °C. The increase in both temperature and the alkyl chain length leads to more negative values of ΔGmic(0) , favoring the micellization. The entropic term (ΔSmic(0)) is predominant at lower temperatures, and above ca. 55-65 °C, the enthalpic term (ΔHmic(0)) becomes prevalent, figuring a jointly driven process as the temperature increases. The interaction of these sulfobetaines with different polymers was also studied by ITC. Among the polymers studied, only two induced the formation of micellar aggregates at lower surfactant concentration: poly(acrylic acid), PAA, probably due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic group of the polymer and the sulfonate group of the surfactant, and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PSS, probably due to the incorporation of the hydrophobic styrene group into the micelles. The prevalence of the hydrophobic and not the electrostatic contributions to the interaction between sulfobetaine and PSS was confirmed by an increased interaction enthalpy in the presence of electrolytes (NaCl) and by the observation of a significant temperature dependence, the latter consistent with the proposed removal of hydrophobic groups from water.

Is Thyroid Stunning Clinically Relevant? A Retrospective Analysis Of 208 Patients.

Current guidelines have advised against the performance of (131)I-iodide diagnostic whole body scintigraphy (dxWBS) to minimize the occurrence of stunning, and to guarantee the efficiency of radioiodine therapy (RIT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of stunning on the efficacy of RIT and disease outcome. This retrospective analysis included 208 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer managed according to a same protocol and followed up for 12-159 months (mean 30 ± 69 months). Patients received RIT in doses ranging from 3,700 to 11,100 MBq (100 mCi to 300 mCi). Post-RIT-whole body scintigraphy images were performed 10 days after RIT in all patients. In addition, images were also performed 24-48 hours after therapy in 22 patients. Outcome was classified as no evidence of disease (NED), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Thyroid stunning occurred in 40 patients (19.2%), including 26 patients with NED and 14 patients with SD. A multivariate analysis showed no association between disease outcome and the occurrence of stunning (p = 0.3476). The efficacy of RIT and disease outcome do not seem to be related to thyroid stunning.

Neutralisation Of The Pharmacological Activities Of Bothrops Alternatus Venom By Anti-pla2 Iggs.

Basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, although the acidic enzyme types are not lethal or cause low lethality. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanism of action of acidic phospholipases. This study used the acidic non-toxic Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 from Bothrops alternatus as an antigen to develop anti-PLA2 IgG antibodies in rabbits and used in vivo assays to examine the changes in crude venom when pre-incubated with these antibodies. Using Ouchterlony and western blot analyses on B. alternatus venom, we examined the specificity and sensitivity of phospholipase A2 recognition by the specific antibodies (anti-PLA2 IgG). Neutralisation assays using a non-toxic PLA2 antigen revealed unexpected results. The (indirect) haemolytic activity of whole venom was completely inhibited, and all catalytically active phospholipases A2 were blocked. Myotoxicity and lethality were reduced when the crude venom was pre-incubated with anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins. CK levels in the skeletal muscle were significantly reduced at 6 h, and the muscular damage was more significant at this time-point compared to 3 and 12 h. When four times the LD50 was used (224 μg), half the animals treated with the venom-anti PLA2 IgG mixture survived after 48 h. All assays performed with the specific antibodies revealed that Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 had a synergistic effect on whole-venom toxicity. IgG antibodies against the venom of the Argentinean species B. alternatus represent a valuable tool for elucidation of the roles of acidic PLA2 that appear to have purely digestive roles and for further studies on immunotherapy and snake envenoming in affected areas in Argentina and Brazil.

Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery In Patients With Extra Esophageal Symptoms Related To Asthma.

Asthma, laryngitis and chronic cough are atypical symptoms of the gastroesophageal reflux disease. To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the remission of extra-esophageal symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux, related to asthma. Were reviewed the medical records of 400 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease submitted to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication from 1994 to 2006, and identified 30 patients with extra-esophageal symptoms related to asthma. The variables considered were: gender, age, gastroesophageal symptoms (heartburn, acid reflux and dysphagia), time of reflux disease, treatment with proton pump inhibitor, use of specific medications, treatment and evolution, number of attacks and degree of esophagitis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, comparing the pre- and post-surgical findings. The comparative analysis before surgery (T1) and six months after surgery (T2) showed a significant reduction on heartburn and reflux symptoms. Apart from that, there was a significant difference between the patients with daily crises of asthma (T1 versus T2, 45.83% to 16.67%, p=0.0002) and continuous crises (T1, 41.67% versus T2, 8.33%, p=0.0002). Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was effective in improving symptoms that are typical of reflux disease and clinical manifestations of asthma.

[impact Variables On The Decline In Infant Mortality In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil: 1998-2008].

This is an ecological, analytical and retrospective study comprising the 645 municipalities in the State of São Paulo, the scope of which was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic, demographic variables and the model of care in relation to infant mortality rates in the period from 1998 to 2008. The ratio of average annual change for each indicator per stratum coverage was calculated. Infant mortality was analyzed according to the model for repeated measures over time, adjusted for the following correction variables: the city's population, proportion of Family Health Programs (PSFs) deployed, proportion of Growth Acceleration Programs (PACs) deployed, per capita GDP and SPSRI (São Paulo social responsibility index). The analysis was performed by generalized linear models, considering the gamma distribution. Multiple comparisons were performed with the likelihood ratio with chi-square approximate distribution, considering a significance level of 5%. There was a decrease in infant mortality over the years (p < 0.05), with no significant difference from 2004 to 2008 (p > 0.05). The proportion of PSFs deployed (p < 0.0001) and per capita GDP (p < 0.0001) were significant in the model. The decline of infant mortality in this period was influenced by the growth of per capita GDP and PSFs.

Bacterial Diversity Assessment In Soil Of An Active Brazilian Copper Mine Using High-throughput Sequencing Of 16s Rdna Amplicons.

Mining activities pose severe environmental risks worldwide, generating extreme pH conditions and high concentrations of heavy metals, which can have major impacts on the survival of organisms. In this work, pyrosequencing of the V3 region of the 16S rDNA was used to analyze the bacterial communities in soil samples from a Brazilian copper mine. For the analysis, soil samples were collected from the slopes (geotechnical structures) and the surrounding drainage of the Sossego mine (comprising the Sossego and Sequeirinho deposits). The results revealed complex bacterial diversity, and there was no influence of deposit geographic location on the composition of the communities. However, the environment type played an important role in bacterial community divergence; the composition and frequency of OTUs in the slope samples were different from those of the surrounding drainage samples, and Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Gammaproteobacteria were responsible for the observed difference. Chemical analysis indicated that both types of sample presented a high metal content, while the amounts of organic matter and water were higher in the surrounding drainage samples. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (N-MDS) analysis identified organic matter and water as important distinguishing factors between the bacterial communities from the two types of mine environment. Although habitat-specific OTUs were found in both environments, they were more abundant in the surrounding drainage samples (around 50 %), and contributed to the higher bacterial diversity found in this habitat. The slope samples were dominated by a smaller number of phyla, especially Firmicutes. The bacterial communities from the slope and surrounding drainage samples were different in structure and composition, and the organic matter and water present in these environments contributed to the observed differences.

Cd8+ Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes And Cox2 Expression May Predict Relapse In Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

There is an increasing rate of papillary thyroid carcinomas that may never progress to cause symptoms or death. Predicting outcome and determining tumour aggressiveness could help diminish the number of patients submitted to aggressive treatments. We aimed to evaluate whether markers of the immune system response and of tumour-associated inflammation could predict outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Retrospective cohort study. We studied 399 consecutive patients, including 325 papillary and 74 follicular thyroid carcinomas. Immune cell markers were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, including tumour-associated macrophages (CD68) and subsets of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD45RO, GRANZYME B, CD69 and CD25. We also investigated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in tumour cells and the presence of concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis. Concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis was observed in 29% of the cases. Among all the immunological parameters evaluated, only the enrichment of CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0·001) and expression of COX2 (P =0·01) were associated with recurrence. A multivariate model analysis identified CD8+ TIL/COX2 as independent risk factor for recurrence. A multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional-hazards model adjusted for the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis demonstrated that the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis had no effect on prognostic prediction mediated by CD8+ TIL and COX2. In conclusion, we suggest the use of a relatively simple pathology tool to help select cases that may benefit of a more aggressive approach sparing the majority of patients from unnecessary procedures.