5-ALA complete resections go beyond MR contrast enhancement: shift corrected volumetric analysis of the extent of resection in surgery for glioblastoma

BACKGROUND The technique of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) tumor fluorescence is increasingly used to improve visualization of tumor tissue and thereby to increase the rate of patients with gross total resections. In this study, we measured the resection volumes in patients who underwent 5-ALA-guided surgery for non-eloquent glioblastoma and compared them with the preoperative tumor volume. METHODS We selected 13 patients who had received a complete resection according to intraoperative 5-ALA induced fluorescence and CRET according to post-operative T1 contrast-enhanced MRI. The volumes of pre-operative contrast enhancing tissue, post-operative resection cavity and resected tissue were determined through shift-corrected volumetric analysis. RESULTS The mean resection cavity (29 cm(3)) was marginally smaller than the pre-operative contrast-enhancing tumor (39 cm(3), p = 0.32). However, the mean overall resection volume (84 cm(3)) was significantly larger than the pre-operative contrast-enhancing tumor (39 cm(3), p = 0.0087). This yields a mean volume of resected 5-ALA positive, but radiological non-enhancing tissue of 45 cm(3). The mean calculated rim of resected tissue surpassed pre-operative tumor diameter by 6 mm (range 0-10 mm). CONCLUSIONS Results of the current study imply that (i) the resection cavity underestimates the volume of resected tissue and (ii) 5-ALA complete resections go significantly beyond the volume of pre-operative contrast-enhancing tumor bulk on MRI, indicating that 5-ALA also stains MRI non-enhancing tumor tissue. Use of 5-ALA may thus enable extension of coalescent tumor resection beyond radiologically evident tumor. The impact of this more extended resection method on time to progression and overall survival has not been determined, and potentially puts adjacent and functionally intact tissue at risk.

To boldly go: individual differences in boldness influence migratory tendency

Partial migration, whereby only a fraction of the population migrates, is thought to be the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, and can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this, the factors that influence which individuals migrate and which remain resident are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that consistent individual differences in personality traits in animals can be ecologically important, but field studies integrating personality traits with migratory behaviour are extremely rare. In this study, we investigate the influence of individual boldness, an important personality trait, upon the migratory propensity of roach, a freshwater fish, over two consecutive migration seasons. We assay and individually tag 460 roach and show that boldness influences migratory propensity, with bold individuals being more likely to migrate than shy fish. Our data suggest that an extremely widespread personality trait in animals can have significant ecological consequences via influencing individual-level migratory behaviour.

Electrophysiological indices of response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task predict self-control in a social context.

Recent research demonstrates that response inhibition-a core executive function-may subserve self-regulation and self-control. However, it is unclear whether response inhibition also predicts self-control in the multifaceted, high-level phenomena of social decision-making. Here we examined whether electrophysiological indices of response inhibition would predict self-control in a social context. Electroencephalography was recorded as participants completed a widely used Go/NoGo task (the cued Continuous Performance Test). Participants then interacted with a partner in an economic exchange game that requires self-control. Results demonstrated that greater NoGo-Anteriorization and larger NoGo-P300 peak amplitudes-two established electrophysiological indices of response inhibition-both predicted more self-control in this social game. These findings support continued integration of executive function and self-regulation and help extend prior research into social decision-making processes.

Die finf bicher Mōše : daz worṭ Goṭṭez ; die finf bicher Mōše nebzṭ den haftoires we-5 megiles fir daz gantze jahr, nach daiṭšem ... rituz ... miṭ daiṭšer iberzeṭtzung

fun L. H. Lowenšṭein

Orḥôt ṣaddîqîm : oif ṭaitš gibrachṭ ... jedr menš der miṭ tzaiṭ zainś lebnś ein dizim geṭlich wezn miṭ guṭ dochṭ hoṭ fer brachṭ rein un zoibr werṭ zain zil odr nešome werin fer Goṭ gibrachṭ ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. Hanau, [1709/10]

Giddûl bānîm : kindr tzuchṭ unṭ lehr wi man zi fun jugind oif in goṭiś furchṭ ertzihen zol ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. Homburg f. d. He, [1747/48]

Morališe ertzehlungen : miṭ erklerung der goṭṭlichen eigenšafṭen der offenbarung und der tzehn geboṭe ; ein lehr- und lezebuch fir di izraeliṭiše šuljungend ...

fon Moritz Polok

Di genorṭe welṭ oder šwerer men nemṭ zich fir gringer helfṭ Goṭ : ašpagil naie windrlichi niṭšeche of Pûrîm ; wos hoṭ zich farlofin in ṭf maskwiṭer land ; tzum unṭerhalṭ far allerlei menṭšin gilernṭi in och imgilernṭi

Digitalisat der Ausg. Lemberg, 1865

Der walfiš : doz iz eine wunder šeine bešraibung miṭ zejer šeine gešichṭen fun dem walfiš wos iz di gresṭe brie goṭes wos mir menṭšin weisen oif dizen (oilem) ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. Wilna, [1865/66]

Di fromme Tzionsṭochṭer : andachṭsbuch fir Izraels froien und medcher tzur effenṭlichen und heizlichen goṭṭesferehrung an allen wochenfesṭ- und busṭagen ...

fon M.ʿ. Sṭern

Sēfer Maḥanē Lēwî : enṭhelṭ di tzehn geboṭe Goṭṭez erlaiṭerṭ durch oiztzige oiz dem talmud und midreš und ferwebṭ miṭ gezammelṭen ertzehlungen und gedichṭen ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Baba-buch : doś klug hachṭig fur nuchḷich un fur sṭondlichi gišichṭnis Baba ; ein goṭś fuchṭigr feršṭ un grofi ein lerung onṭr weizung droiz tzu merkn ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. Prag, [1766/67]

Ôr le-ʿēt ʿerev : le-hā'îr ʿênê Yiśrā'ēl ... dś zi zehn den ṭroiśṭ tzion wen Goṭ werṭ tzion widr kern ...

Digitalisat der Ausg. [London], [1818/19]