Integrated methodology for assessing the effects of geomorphological river restoration on fish habitat and riparian vegetation

Changes in the geomorphology of rivers have serious repercussions, causing losses in the dynamics and naturalness of their forms, going in many cases, from a type of meandering channel, with constant erosion and sedimentation processes, to a channelized narrow river with rigid and stable margins, where the only possibility of movement occurs in the vertical, causing the only changes in channel geometry occur in the river bed. On the other hand, these changes seriously affect the naturalness of the banks, preventing the development of riparian vegetation and reducing the cross connectivity of the riparian corridor. Common canalizations and disconnections of meanders increase the slope, and therefore speed, resulting in processes of regressive erosion, effect increased as a result of the narrowing of the channel and the concentration of flows. This process of incision may turn the flood plain to be "hung", being completely disconnected from the water table, with important consequences for vegetation. As an example of the effects of these changes, it has been chosen the case of the Arga River The Arga river has been channelized and rectified, as it passes along the meander RamalHondo and Soto Gil (Funes, Navarra). The effects on fish habitat and riparian vegetation by remeandering the Arga River are presented. and Ttwo very contrasting situationsrestoration hypothesis, in terms of geomorphology concerns, have been established to assess the effects these changes have on the habitat of one of the major fish species in the area (Luciobabus graellsii) and on the riparian vegetation. To accomplish this goal, it has been necessary to used the a digital elevation model provided by LIDAR flight, bathymetric data, flow data, as inputs, and a hydraulic simulation model 2D (Infoworks RS). The results obtained not only helped to evaluate the effects of the past alterations of geomorphologic characteristics, but also to predict fish and vegetation habitat responses to this type of changes.

Riesgos geológicos e hidrogeológicos en las facies evaporíticas de Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Madrid)

El conocimiento geológico, mineralógico y del funcionamiento hidrogeológico del macizo evaporítico de la margen derecha del río Jarama en Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Madrid) tiene consecuencias de geología aplicada, ya que condiciona la presencia y la generación de huecos, riesgo que es necesario conocer a la hora de plantear los estudios geotécnicos de las numerosas edificaciones que se están realizando en esta zona, y de otras obras públicas, cada vez más profundas, que es donde se sitúan las facies evaporíticas hipersolubles. También es importante considerar el peculiar comportamiento evolutivo de éstos materiales en los procesos de recarga natural concentrada y de recarga artificial, ya que la hidratación de algunas facies evaporíticas producen transformaciones mineralógicas y disoluciones que hacen generar huecos e hinchamientos que es preciso evitar en las cimentaciones de los edificios.

Geomorphological analysis and evolution of an altered floodplain drainage system. The case of the Partido Stream (Spain)

The Partido Stream is a small torrential course that flows into the marsh of the Doñana National Park, an area that was declared a World Heritage Site in 1994. Before 1981, floods occurred, and the stream overflowed onto a floodplain. As an old alluvial fan, the floodplain has its singular orography and functionality. Fromthe floodplain, several drainage channels, locally called caño, discharged into themarsh. The Partido Streamhad themorphology of a caño and covered approximately 8 km from the old fan to the marsh. The stream was straightened and channelised in 1981 to cultivate the old fan. This resulted in floods that were concentrated between the banks in the following years, which caused the depth of water and the shear stress to increase, thus, scouring the river bed and river banks. In this case, the eroded materials were carried towards the marsh where a new alluvial fan evolved. Control measures on the old fan were implemented in 2006 to stop the development of the new alluvial fan downstream over the marsh. Thus, the stream would partially recover its original behaviour that it had before channelisation, moving forwards in a new, balanced state. The present study describes the geomorphological evolution that channelisation has caused since 1981 and the later slow process of recovery of the original hydraulic-sedimentation regime since 2006. Additionally, it deepens the understanding of the original hydraulic behaviour of the stream, combining field data and 2D simulations.

Hidroestratigrafía e hidrogeoquímica de la Facies Weald del Noroeste de la Cordillera Ibérica (Región de Pinares, Soria)

Se analiza el contenido en hierro de las aguas subterráneas de todas las fáceis del Weald, salvo en las calizas del Grupo Oncala, y algunos conglomerados y arenas de las formaciones Urbión y Abejar, respectivamente.