Circulação do vírus rábico em gambás (Didelphis albiventris e Didelphis aurita) nos municípios de Torre de Pedra, Bofete e Anhembi-São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ

Influence of cone-beam computed tomography image artifacts on the determination of dental arch measurements

Objective: To compare dental plaster model (DPM) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the measurement of the dental arches, and investigate whether CBCT image artifacts compromise the reliability of such measurements.Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of metallic restorations in the posterior teeth. Both dental arches of the patients were scanned with the CBCT unit i-CAT, and DPMs were obtained. Two examiners obtained eight arch measurements on the CBCT images and DPMs and repeated this procedure 15 days later. The arch measurements of each patient group were compared separately by the Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann-Whitney U) test, with a significance level of 5% (alpha = .05). Intraclass correlation measured the level of intraobserver agreement.Results: Patients with healthy teeth showed no significant difference between all DPM and CBCT arch measurements (P > .05). Patients with metallic restoration showed significant difference between DPM and CBCT for the majority of the arch measurements (P > .05). The two examiners showed excellent intraobserver agreement for both measuring methods with intraclass correlation coefficient higher than 0.95.Conclusion: CBCT provided the same accuracy as DPM in the measurement of the dental arches, and was negatively influenced by the presence of image artifacts.

Cuidados essenciais e muitas vezes negligenciados na hospitalização de pequenos animais: nutrição e analgesia

The benefits of proper nutrition and analgesia are closely linked when it comes to animals that are suffering from any illness and are hospitalized. In patients who are ill or under the stress of hospitalization, increase secretion of glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol and growth hormone antagonize the effects of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and degradation of tissue proteins to provide substrate for gluconeogenesis. These changes result in loss of lean body mass, reflecting negatively on tissue repair processes, immune response and prognosis. Likewise, the pain induced by noxious stimulation can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosupression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of disease processes. This review confirms the nutrition and pain control importance in hospitalized patients, showing their physiological benefits and reduction in hospital stay when the clinician understands these benefits and the animals are treated with such care

Identificação dos Arthropoda: subsídios para o ensino de Ciências e Biologia

As características dos artrópodes (insetos, crustáceos, aracnídeos, miriápodes) e conceitos a eles relacionados são conteúdos abordados pelas disciplinas de Ciências e Biologia, no ensino fundamental e médio. Neste contexto, considera-se relevante a elaboração de materiais que contribuam para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem desta temática e que incorporem a dimensão lúdica. Assim, a proposta desenvolvida teve como objetivos principais a elaboração e confecção de uma caixa contendo espécimes de artrópodes incrustados em resina, de modo a permitir o contato e a manipulação desses espécimes pelos alunos. Além disso, elaboramos um jogo didático, abordando as estruturas morfológicas dos artrópodes e suas funções, com o intuito de fixar o conhecimento adquirido em sala pelos alunos. Como complementação, desenvolvemos uma guia de orientação para o professor e um manual direcionado aos alunos, para os auxiliarem durante o desenvolvimento da aula. A elaboração deste trabalho foi uma maneira de tentar transmitir o tema proposto de forma dinâmica e agradável, tanto para o professor quanto para os alunos. O conteúdo fornecido neste trabalho foi baseado em livros didáticos específicos em zoologia de invertebrados, para possibilitar aulas com conteúdo adequado e para prevenir erros conceituais

Morfologia e distribuição dos estágios larvais de representantes da família Porcellanidae Haworth (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) obtidas no nêuston da região de Ubatuba, SP

O presente projeto visa um estudo morfológico de formas planctônicas iniciais de crustáceos decápodos da família Porcellanidae. Os representantes da família Porcellanidae são bons indicadores da diversidade e complexidade das estruturas litorais, quando em relações simbióticas. E possuem também grande importância na cadeia trófica, sendo a base alimentar de muitos peixes de interesse econômico. Seu desenvolvimento larval conta com um estágio pré-zoea, dois estágios zoea e um estágio glaucothoe. O estágio de pré-zoea tem curta duração, comumente de 5 minutos a 5 horas, sendo coberto por uma cutícula embrionária. Os estágios de zoea são facilmente reconhecidos pelos grandes espinhos rostral e posterior da carapaça. O estágio de glaucothoe apresenta todos os somitos e apêndices presentes no caranguejo adulto, com redução somente no número de pleópodos. Para o estudo foram utilizadas as amostras da coleção do NEBECC (Núcleo de Estudo de Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos) feitas para o projeto “Morfologia dos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento de Crustáceos Decápodos Pleocyemata, do litoral norte paulista” aprovado pela FAPESP (proc. 04/15194-6). Estas amostras foram triadas em estereomicroscópio e, separadas as larvas por região (inshore e offshore) e estágios larvais. Os estágios de larvais foram desenhados e análisados com ênfase nos maxilipedes secundário e terciário e no télson. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por métodos não-paramétricos, apresentando uma homogeneidade na distribuição dos estágios larvais tanto inshore quanto offshore

Qualidade microbiológica de peixes e frutos do mar em Botucatu, SP

whole world. The world production of fish is around 100 million tons/year and 70% of them is destined exclusively to the human feeding. The fish and derived have a great importance in the human diet, contributing with ¼ of offer of protein of animal origin. Sseafood and fish are health, because they are rich in proteins, vitamins, micronutrients and insatured fats. However, one of the most important themes, in public health, refers to the safe food. Only in the USA, 76 million case of foodborne diseases occurs every year, with 325 thousand hospitalized and 5 thousand deaths. According to the microbiological parameters, the Brazilian Food Sanitation Standard (Decree No. 12, 2001) defined that fish, roes of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in natura cooled or frozen, no consumed raw should present up to 103 MPN of coagulase positive Staphylococcus in the absence of Salmonella in 25g. Based on this, this work verified the microbiological quality of fish and seafood retailed in supermarkets and fish store in Botucatu city. A hundred samples were analyzed, being 65 frozen (65%) and 35 cooled (35%). The samples included various kinds of fish and seafood. Among the frozen samples, 31 were fish and 34 seafood. About the cooled ones, 28 were fish and 7 seafood. The methods used for analysis are in agreement with APHA (2001). The samples were acquired in 4 establishments (3 supermarkets and a fish store). Ina total of 100 samples, all were negative to coagulase positive Staphylococcus and 2 were positive for Salmonella (2%). According to the results, we conclude that the presence of Salmonella is a risk factor for the consumers' health and these foods should not be consumed raw. In spite of the freezing to be a good conservation way, this process doesn't totally eliminate the pathogens of the food

Experimentação e educação ambiental: contribuições metodológicas

During the last centuries, the human being have been considered the center of the universe. The man believed that nature was at his disposal. Appropriated their processes, their cycles changed, redefined their spaces. Today, when faced with an environmental crisis which threatens the planet life, including the human life, the Science Education can contribute to a reconstruction of man-nature relationship in other terms. The transformation of teaching practices in the school environment, to be reflective, it is still a process that challenges the vast majority of teachers. As has been indicated by Guerra (2004), among others, the traditional teaching of content delivery is still very strong and certainly more deeply embedded in ideas and activities of the teachers who focus on environmental education. With it, a theory and pedagogical discourses in critical-reflexive actions is still a major obstacle. Therefore, new proposals for education and continuing education activities need to be formulated and presented based on the characteristics and needs breathing. Therefore propose changes in the way of teaching, where there is more room for a theory and praxis alone or with a only scientific truth. The scenery of society requires that knowledge is constructed to interconnect all disciplines, joining theory and practice so we can understand the whole and their relations in an integrated manner. It was proposed here a way to build a school and applying theoretical and practical activities involving experimental and seeking to meet the principles of Environmental Education for the training of citizens aware and critical. At the same time cares to use textbooks very rich in its pedagogical character that are present in schools and often are, forgotten and unused by teachers. From this way, I chose to Experimentoteca, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comunidade de formigas (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em cultivo de videiras no município de São Roque - São Paulo

The cultivation of grapes is one of the most traditional cultures and the world's oldest one. In Brazil, cultivars occupy an area of approximately 90 thousand hectares, covering the south, southeast and northeast, in latitudes ranging from 30 º 56 '15''S up to 5 º 11' 15''S. The culture of the vine may be the target of the attack of some diseases and pests, and currently the main concern for growers is the subterranean mealybug, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), known as pearl-ground. This arthropod infests the roots causing a progressive languish of the vine, even causes its death. In southern Brazil it is known that some species of ants can disperse pearl-ground for short distances, however, there is no information about that in the State of Sao Paulo. Thus, it is extremely important to perform studies with this focus on wine regions in this State. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the species of underground ant community in different grape varieties found in vineyards in the town of São Roque – SP, Brazil. With that purpose, samples were collected within one year. We used underground pitfalls spread across twelve points. In each of the points were placed two traps, one containing honey and the other containing sardine as attractive. The results revealed the presence of three morphospecies of ants in Niágara Rosada and four in other grape varieties, there was no significant difference in the species richness among the cultivars (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.33, p = 0.5). In both trials, the most frequent species was Brachymyrmex sp.4, suggesting that there is no dominance of distinct species of Niágara Rosada and the other grape varieties. There was no dissimilarity in species richness of the ones visiting honey or sardines (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.08, p = 0.7) and the analysis of variance indicated a great similarity in species richness between the rainy and dry seasons (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.09, p = 0.7)

Efeito da recuperação ativa na determinação da máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo no ciclismo

The objective of this study was to compare the power corresponding to maximal lactate steady state determined through continuous (MLSSC) and intermittent protocol with active recovery (MLSSI). Ten trained male cyclists (25 ± 4 yr, 72.5 ± 10.6 kg, 178.5 ± 4.0 cm), performed the following tests on different days on a cycle ergometer: (1) incremental test in order to determine the anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal power (Pmax); (2) two to five constant workload tests to determine MLSSC, and; 3) two to three constant workload tests to determine MLSSI, consisting on 8 x 4 minutes bouts interspersed by two minutes of active recovery at 50% Pmax (i.e., 46 min of exercise protocol). MLSS intensity was defined as the highest workload at which blood lactate concentration did not increase by more than 1 mM between minutes 10 and 30 of the constant workload. The workload corresponding to MLSSC (273.2 ± 21.4 W) was significantly lower than that corresponding to MLSSI (300.5 ± 23.9 W). With base on these data, it can be verified that the intermittent exercise mode utilized in this study, allows an increase of 10% approximately, in the exercise intensity corresponding to MLSS.

Crescimento relativo de Aegla castro Schmitt, 1942 (Crustacea, Anomura, Aeglidae)

Os crustáceos anomuros do gênero Aegla Leach (1820) são animais bentônicos característicos das águas continentais da América do Sul. Podem ser encontrados em arroios e rios de correnteza, ocultos sob pedras e detritos vegetais. Foram descritas 61 espécies desse gênero, que se encontram distribuídas pela região Neotropical com limites norte no município de Franca, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil e sul na Ilha de Madre de Diós, na Província de Última Esperanza, Chile. Esses animais são considerados importantes elos nas cadeias alimentares dos ambientes líminicos, atuando como predadores de larvas aquáticas de insetos e são presas de aves, rãs, jacarés e peixes. Podem também ser utilizados como bioindicadores na avaliação de qualidade das águas onde ocorrem, uma vez que são bastante sensíveis a mudanças do ambiente. Apesar do expressivo número de espécies do gênero Aegla descritas, existem poucos estudos sobre sua dinâmica populacional, especialmente no que diz respeito a análises enfocando crescimento relativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o crescimento relativo da espécie Aegla castro no município de Itatinga, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os eglídeos foram coletados mensalmente durante um ano (Mar/07 a Fev/08) no município de Itatinga. Os animais amostrados foram obtidos mediante esforço de coleta e armadilhas. Para o primeiro método, os exemplares foram coletados com puçás ou peneiras posicionados próximos a pedras e seixos, os quais foram removidos manualmente para desalojar os animais que porventura estejam ali abrigados. No segundo método, foram instaladas armadilhas iscadas no final do período da tarde e recolhidas na manhã do dia seguinte. Os exemplares capturados tiveram os sexos determinados com base em caracteres sexuais secundários (posição da abertura do par de gonóporos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Morfologia do primeiro estágio juvenil de quatro espécies de caranguejos Leucosioidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), com proposta de padronização para as descrições dos estágios iniciais em Decapoda

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade das assembléias de Cladóceros (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) de áreas adjacentes a trechos lóticos e reservatórios da Bacia do Rio Prata (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Three-dimensional dental arch changes of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusion

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reproduction and management of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae) at Iguape, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)