1000 resultados para Frutas e vegetais


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Anthocyanins extracted from picao, quaresmeira, petunia, flamboyant, purple ipe, lobeira, pata de vaca, jaboticaba, purple cabbage and jambul were evaluated as natural acid-base indicators. Anthocyanins in extracts were identified using HPLC/MS. Clear, rapid change in color at final-point titration was observed for extracts but only picao showed strong change in pH. Indirect determination of carbonate in limestone using a natural indicator was performed and results compared with phenolphthalein indicator and potentiometer titration. Optimal results were obtained with picao but other extracts showed good accuracy and precision.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) is the most cultivated, trafficked and consumed illicit drug worldwide. Estimates indicate 10% of individuals experiencing marijuana become daily users, and 20-30% use it weekly. Around 489 natural compounds have been identified in this plant, of which 70 are cannabinoids, responsible for psychic effects. The most relevant cannabinoid is Δ9-THC, recognized as the main chemical substance with psychoactive effects. The aims of this work was to investigate whether other drugs interfere with the colorimetric tests Fast Blue B and Duquenois-Levine, widely used for marijuana screening in forensic chemistry laboratories.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A final 241 µM of ascorbyl palmitate and 555 µM of the following antioxidants separately: BHA, myricetin and quercetin standards, and extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Inga edulis or Euterpe oleracea, were added to crude açai oil and submitted to the oxidation process at 60 ºC for 11 days. Among the antioxidants used, only the myricetin standard showed the ability to defer the oxidation process until the third day of treatment. B. crassifolia, I. edulis and E. oleracea extracts showed no preventive capacity against the oxidation process, despite their high concentration phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study evaluated the level of the metals Pb mg kg-1 and Cd mg kg-1 found in plant species and the contribution of the levels detected in contaminated soils located in the urban area of the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia. Levels were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed the presence of Pb and Cd in plant species at levels ranging from 0.18 to 118.2 mg kg-1 and 0.04 to 7.29 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration values obtained varied according to the plant species and were not strongly influenced by the concentration values detected in the soil.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The aim of this work was to verify the ability of enzymatic crude extract from dormant castor bean seeds to yield concentrated fatty acids by hydrolysis of polyunsaturated vegetable oils such as corn and sunflower. The enzymatic extract exhibited higher activity towards corn oil, which was selected for further studies to determine optimum hydrolysis conditions by factorial design. Maximum hydrolysis percentage (≈84%) was reached at 60% wt. oil:buffer acetate 100 mM pH 4.5, 33 ºC and 5.0% wt. of crude extract after 70 min of reaction. These results suggest that the use of low-cost lipase from castor bean seeds has potential for oil hydrolysis.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Volatile compounds involved in the chemical communication of fruit flies have been studied for some years; however, their complete elucidation has not yet been reported. Tephritids, which belong to the Anastrepha genus, exhibit inter- and intraspecific changes regarding the chemical composition of their sex pheromones, as well as an evident relationship with the volatiles produced by their hosts. This paper reports advances in the elucidation of the chemical communication of Anastrepha species that involve sex pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, and the interaction between the fruit host volatiles and compounds released by the male flies.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Validation of a rapid method for the determination of ascorbic, citric, fumaric and tartaric acids in stored pulp fruit and its application as a quality parameter was performed. The validation parameters showed that for the four evaluated acids, the method presented low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), indicating good precision and accuracy, thus representing an important tool for quality assessment of stored fruit pulp. The results showed that the concentration of organic acids generally decreased with longer storage time in the fruit pulp under study. Amongst all the organic acids under investigation, ascorbic proved the least stable.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work addresses the use of chiral gas chromatography in resolving optically active stereoisomers and racemates found in fruit flavours. It presents the types of chiral selectors applied to terpene-derived metal coordination compounds, polysiloxane-linked α-amino acid and mixed chiral stationary phases, and focuses on derivatized cyclodextrins, the most popular chiral stationary phases presently used in chromatographic analysis. Knowledge about the techniques involved in chiral recognition and enantiomer identification in the fruit flavour field is given along with examples from the latest studies.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The seed oils from four plants (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana, Terminalia cattapa) found in Mato Grosso do Sul were extracted at good yields. Alkaline transesterification of these seed oils to esters using methanol and ethanol was studied and also produced good yields. Oleic acid (30.5/32.3%), lauric acid (30.7/32.9%) methyl and ethyl esters, were the main components of transesterification of the oils from Scheelea phalerata and Syagrus romanzoffiana. Lauric acid (42.2%), capric acid (15.9%) and caprylic acid (14.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main ester components of transesterification of the oil from Butia capitata. Oleic acid (37.8%), palmitic acid (33.5%) and linoleic acid (22.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main components of transesterification of oil from Terminalia catappa. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, the first crystallization peak temperature of esters was observed. Esters derived from oils of the family Arecaceae (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana) showed the lowest points of crystallization, despite having high levels of saturated fat. Esters of Terminalia cattapa oil, rich in unsaturated fat, showed the highest crystallization temperature. This difference in behavior is probably related to the high concentration of esters derived from lauric acid and palmitic acid.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work presents the biofuel production results of the esterification of fatty acids (C12-C18) and high-acid-content waste vegetable oils from different soap stocks (soybean, palm, and coconut) with methanol, ethanol, and butanol by acid catalysis. We used Amberlyst-35 (A35) sulfonic resin as a heterogeneous acid catalyst and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a homogeneous catalyst for comparison. Both the heterogeneous (A35) and homogeneous (p-toluenesulfonic acid) reactions were performed with 5% w/w of catalyst. The final products were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The homogeneous catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with methanol, ethanol, and butanol produced esters with yields higher than 90%. In the reaction with fatty acids and methanol catalyzed by A35, the best results were achieved with lauric acid and methanol, with a yield of 97%. An increase in the hydrocarbon chain decreased the rate of conversion and yield for stearic acid with methanol, which was 90%. Maximum biodiesel production was achieved from coconut and soybean soap stocks and methanol (96%-98%), which showed conversions very close to those obtained from their respective fatty acids. Microwave irradiation reduced the reaction time from 6 to 1 h in the esterification reaction of fatty acids with butanol.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Áreas de uma microbacia sem a incidência de doenças causadas por Rhizoctonia solani GA 4 foram agrupadas estatisticamente, pelo método de Ward, com relação à supressividade dos solos ao patógeno, avaliada pela taxa de crescimento micelial. Entre os grupos formados, foi definido um gradiente de supressividade. A relação entre gradientes de supressividade e tipos de cobertura vegetal foi descrita com auxílio da análise de correspondências múltiplas, sendo que, de modo geral, o pasto e o pousio, seguidos da mata, tornaram os solos mais supressivos, ao passo que a cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum), o milho (Zea mays ), o café (Coffea arabica) e o solo arado tornaram os solos mais conducentes. Porém, os resultados mostraram que outros fatores, além da cobertura vegetal, podem estar afetando a supressividade. Um tratamento biocida (fumigação) dos solos mais supressivos promoveu um maior incremento da taxa de crescimento do patógeno do que o observado com solos mais conducentes.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Visando avaliar as interações de suscetibilidade do cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e de outros hospedeiros ao fungo Crinipellis perniciosa, plântulas de cupuaçu , cacau (Theobroma cacao), cacau-do-peru (Theobroma bicolor) e jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum), com idade entre seis a oito semanas, foram inoculadas com basidiósporos provenientes de vassouras secas e/ou frutos infetados destes hospedeiros coletados no sul da Bahia. As inoculações foram feitas depositando-se uma gota de 20 µl da suspensão de 5,0 x 10(5) basidiósporos/ml de C. perniciosa, obtidos de cada um dos hospedeiros, na gema apical e no hipocótilo (cupuaçu) de cada muda. Após a inoculação as plântulas permaneceram por 24 h em câmara climatizada, com temperatura em torno de 25 ºC e aproximadamente 100% de umidade. Realizou-se a avaliação final dos sintomas 60 dias após a inoculação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições de dez plantas. O cacau e o cacau-do-peru foram suscetíveis ao inóculo obtido dos quatro hospedeiros. A jurubeba apresentou reações de suscetibilidade somente aos inóculos dela própria e de cacau. O cupuaçu apresentou sintomas quando inoculado com basidiósporos obtidos dele próprio, de cacau e de cacau-do-peru. O inóculo proveniente de cacau foi o mais infetivo a todos os hospedeiros.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A bactéria Pasteuria penetrans é um parasita obrigatório do nematóide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) e produz esporos que persistem por anos no solo. A sua produção por cultivo in vitro ainda é inviável e a produção de inoculo requer o seu cultivo in vivo em nematóides parasitando plantas em vasos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se, por meio do estudo histológico de raízes, averiguar diferenças no desenvolvimento de P. penetrans em Meloidogyne spp. parasitando raízes de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), maxixe (Cucumis anguria) e camapu (Physalis angulata), e possíveis razões para estas diferenças, como forma e tamanho de células gigantes e das fêmeas do nematóide. O maxixe foi o pior dentre os hospedeiros em teste para a produção de inóculo e apresentou células gigantes anormais. A estrutura das células gigantes assim como o desenvolvimento da bactéria foram semelhantes no camapu e no tomateiro, entretanto o ciclo de vida de P. penetrans foi ligeiramente mais curto no tomateiro.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Inicialmente buscou-se identificar plantas com extratos metanólicos ativos in vitro contra o nematóide Panagrellus redivivus. Das 24 espécies vegetais estudadas, constatou-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com Leucaena leucocephala, que causou mortalidade de 93% dos indivíduos expostos ao seu extrato por 24 h. Em seguida, submeteu-se o referido extrato a fracionamento direcionado pelos testes in vitro com P. redivivus, o que possibilitou isolar uma substância nematicida que, segundo análises preliminares, correspondia a um alcalóide.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A determinação da gama de hospedeiros de begomovírus isolados de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum) é de elevada importância nos estudos conduzidos com esses patógenos, uma vez que contribui para o entendimento da larga disseminação dos vírus em condições de campo e oferece subsídios para o estudo da variabilidade genética de espécies e estirpes identificadas em diversas regiões do país. Visando a determinação e a comparação da gama de hospedeiros de dois isolados de begomovírus de tomateiro obtidos de lavouras da região de Anápolis-GO (GO-ANPL) e do Distrito Federal (DF-BR2) inocularam-se 31 espécies vegetais pertencentes a oito famílias botânicas, sob duas modalidades de inoculação: mecânica e com a mosca branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B. Constatou-se que o GO-ANPL e o DF-BR2 infetaram exclusivamente plantas da família Solanaceae como Datura stramonium, Nicandra physalodes e Nicotiana benthamiana. Para o GO-ANPL, o número de espécies vegetais infetadas com o emprego do inseto vetor foi superior ao obtido pela inoculação mecânica, diferindo dos resultados obtidos para o DF-BR2 em que as plantas hospedeiras foram igualmente infetadas em ambos os métodos de inoculação. A comparação entre as hospedeiras dos dois isolados e destes com as de outros begomovírus de tomateiro da região Nordeste revelaram que há variação tanto nas espécies hospedeiras como na sintomatologia exibida pelas plantas infetadas. Os testes foram todos confirmados com hibridização com sondas moleculares, em "dot blot".