REVISANDO LOS CONTENIDOS EN LENGUA: Hacia una semántica integradora. Transferencia y capacitación. REVIEWING CONTENTS IN LANGUAGE: Toward an integrative semantics. Transference and training.

En el trabajo se sistematiza la información semántica a fin de que ella sea la articuladora y eje de otros contenidos abordados en la enseñanza de la lengua materna. Así, en primer lugar se sistematizarán conceptos y perspectivas semánticas, para luego establecer relaciones con otros niveles lingüísticos, como lo son la Morfología y la Sintaxis, sin descuidar los aportes de la semántica a los procesos de producción y comprensión textuales. Realizaremos estudios para sistematizar y asignar al contenido un lugar dominante e integrador en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna, sin pretender desdibujar otras temáticas. Planteamos tareas cuyo punto culminante es la capacitación de docentes y experimentación de las propuestas didácticas en tres cursos de lengua en una institución educativa de la ciudad de Córdoba, cuyo examen, de ser positivo, permitirá la replicación y transferencia de esas prácticas a otras instituciones. Como objetivos generales, destacamos colaborar con la integración de los contenidos que se dictan en Lengua Materna, tomando como eje la naturaleza semántica del lenguaje; contribuir con la formación de los estudiantes en las dimensiones de la comprensión y producción textuales; promover la reflexión y el incremento del caudal léxico -y del lenguaje en general-, por parte de los estudiantes; contribuir con la capacitación y formación de los docentes en las temáticas abordadas, a través de acciones concretas; corroborar que la formación de los alumnos podrá tornarse más significativa en la medida en que se trabajen 'formas' lingüísticas atravesadas por contenidos. El marco teórico está constituido por los aportes de diferentes líneas, los que, compatibilizados, permitirán acceder a un abordaje integral del 'contenido' lingüístico. Más precisamente, consideramos las conceptualizaciones de autores tales como Coseriu (1986) para la delimitación semántica, sus conceptos y operaciones, al que completamos con la perspectiva de Lyons (1986, 1997); para las relaciones entre Morfología, seguimos a Ramírez Sáinz (2008) ; el vínculo sintaxis- semántica será abordado desde la perspectiva de la Gramática Generativa (Demonte,V. 1991; D'Introno, 2001; Fernández Lagunilla, M y Anula Rebollo,A, 1995; los aportes de la comprensión serán considerados desde De Beaugrande-Dresller (1997). Otros autores de referencia son Lakoff y Jhonsson (1998).

Análisis crítico de la formación y capacitación del profesional de la seguridad en la Provincia de Córdoba en los últimos diez años. A critical analysis of the formation and training of the professional in the area of security in the province of Córdoba in the last 10 years.

El problema que abordaremos es la transformación y la toma de decisiones en los procesos de formación y capacitación de las instituciones de seguridad, específicamente, los motivos y fundamentos de los cambios en los planes de estudios, en relación a los contenidos curriculares de los institutos de formación de los profesionales en seguridad. Esto sobre la hipótesis de que las organizaciones educativas policiales y penitenciarias han llevado a cabo transformaciones en su organización y gestión curricular para adecuarse a las nuevas demandas sociales y políticas. El objetivo del presente proyecto es analizar críticamente los contenidos curriculares de los institutos de formación y capacitación de la Policía y Servicio Penitenciario de la Provincia de Córdoba. Abordaremos el análisis de los planes de dichas instituciones en los últimos 10 años, sus modificaciones y criterios utilizados para responder a los nuevos escenarios sociales. Se hará una exploración de la información y la documentación existente en los ámbitos oficiales. Asimismo, la investigación contará con la realización de entrevistas y encuestas a directivos, docentes, alumnos y demás actores claves, con la finalidad de recabar la opinión de los mismos respecto de las transformaciones en la educación policial y penitenciaria. A partir del proyecto de investigación se pretende construir conocimiento acerca de las políticas educativas en el área de seguridad especialmente sobre la formación y capacitación de recursos profesionales específicos, dentro del ámbito local. De tal modo, se pretende aportar elementos teóricos de análisis al modo en que se han instituido la oferta educativa y las transformaciones en los planes de estudios en las instituciones de formación profesional de la seguridad y cómo éstos han sido implementados a la luz de los nuevos escenarios políticos y sociales. Esto nos permitirá aportar al incipiente campo de los estudios sobre la seguridad, específicamente sobre la formación de los profesionales en seguridad, poniendo a diposición de los responsables gubernamentales e institucionales un estudio que explora y sistematiza las transformaciones y fundamentos de la politica de educación en el campo de la seguridad provincial. Este desarrollo investigativo nos permitirá inagurar la actividad de producción de conocimiento dentro del ámbito académico de la Licenciatura en Seguridad de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María a través del presente proyecto que describirá el proceso de formación y capacitación policial y penitenciaria y los cambios que con el transcurso del tiempo se han verificado.

Training and development in Irish technology companies

The sustained economic growth that has been experienced in the Irish economy in recent years has relied, to a large extent, on the contribution and performance of those industry sectors that possess the ability to provide high-value-added products and services to domestic and international markets. One such contributor has been the Technology sector. However, the performance of this sector relies upon the availability of the necessary capabilities and competencies for Technology companies to remain competitive. The Expert Group on Future Skills Needs have forecasted future skills shortages in this sector. The purpose of this research has been to examine the extent to which Irish Technology companies are taking measures to meet changing skills requirements, through training and development interventions. Survey research methods (in the form of a mail questionnaire, supported by a Web-based questionnaire) have been used to collect information on the expenditure on, and approach to, training and development in these companies, in addition to the methods, techniques and tools/aids that are used to support the delivery of these activities. The contribution of Government intervention has also been examined. The conclusions have been varied. When the activities of the responding companies are considered in isolation, the picture to emerge is primarily positive. Although the expenditure on training and development is slightly lower than that indicated in previous studies, the results vary by company size. Technical employees are clearly the key focus of training provision, while Senior Managers and Directors, Clerical and Administrative staff and Manual workers are a great deal more neglected in training provision. Expenditure on, and use of, computer-based training methods is high, as is the use of most of the specified techniques for facilitating learning. However, when one considers the extent to which external support (in the form of Government interventions and cooperation with other companies and with education and training providers) is integrated into the overall training practices of these companies, significant gaps in practice are identified. The thesis concludes by providing a framework to guide future training and development practices in the Technology sector.

"Differential metabolic recruitment of cognitive, emotional and modulatory brain regions in infant and adolescent rats undergoing two-way active avoidance training"

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2011

Resistance Training After Myocardial Infarction in Rats: Its Role on Cardiac and Autonomic Function

Background: Although resistance exercise training is part of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs, little is known about its role on the cardiac and autonomic function after myocardial infarction. Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training, started early after myocardial infarction, on cardiac function, hemodynamic profile, and autonomic modulation in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary infarcted and trained infarcted rats. Each group with n = 9 rats. The animals underwent maximum load test and echocardiography at the beginning and at the end of the resistance exercise training (in an adapted ladder, 40% to 60% of the maximum load test, 3 months, 5 days/week). At the end, hemodynamic, baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic modulation assessments were made. Results: The maximum load test increased in groups trained control (+32%) and trained infarcted (+46%) in relation to groups sedentary control and sedentary infarcted. Although no change occurred regarding the myocardial infarction size and systolic function, the E/A ratio (-23%), myocardial performance index (-39%) and systolic blood pressure (+6%) improved with resistance exercise training in group trained infarcted. Concomitantly, the training provided additional benefits in the high frequency bands of the pulse interval (+45%), as well as in the low frequency band of systolic blood pressure (-46%) in rats from group trained infarcted in relation to group sedentary infarcted. Conclusion: Resistance exercise training alone may be an important and safe tool in the management of patients after myocardial infarction, considering that it does not lead to significant changes in the ventricular function, reduces the global cardiac stress, and significantly improves the vascular and cardiac autonomic modulation in infarcted rats.

Effects of Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Chagas Heart Disease

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of autonomic dysfunction severity. The effects of physical training on HRV indexes in Chagas heart disease (CHD) are not well established. Objective: To evaluate the changes in HRV indexes in response to physical training in CHD. Methods: Patients with CHD and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, physically inactive, were randomized either to the intervention (IG, N = 18) or control group (CG, N = 19). The IG participated in a 12-week exercise program consisting of 3 sessions/week. Results: Mean age was 49.5 ± 8 years, 59% males, mean LVEF was 36.3 ± 7.8%. Baseline HRV indexes were similar between groups. From baseline to follow-up, total power (TP): 1653 (IQ 625 - 3418) to 2794 (1617 - 4452) ms, p = 0.02) and very low frequency power: 586 (290 - 1565) to 815 (610 - 1425) ms, p = 0.047) increased in the IG, but not in the CG. The delta (post - pre) HRV indexes were similar: SDNN 11.5 ± 30.0 vs. 3.7 ± 25.1 ms. p = 0.10; rMSSD 2 (6 - 17) vs. 1 (21 - 9) ms. p = 0.43; TP 943 (731 - 3130) vs. 1780 (921 - 2743) Hz. p = 0.46; low frequency power (LFP) 1.0 (150 - 197) vs. 60 (111 - 146) Hz. p = 0.85; except for high frequency power, which tended to increase in the IG: 42 (133 - 92) vs. 79 (61 - 328) Hz. p = 0.08). Conclusion: In the studied population, the variation of HRV indexes was similar between the active and inactive groups. Clinical improvement with physical activity seems to be independent from autonomic dysfunction markers in CHD.

Blood Pressure and Hemodynamic Adaptations after a Training Program in Young Individuals with Down Syndrome

Background:Cardiovascular diseases affect people worldwide. Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have an up to sixteen-time greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases.Objective:To evaluate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on blood pressure and hemodynamic variables of young individuals with DS.Methods:A total of 29 young individuals with DS participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: aerobic training (AT) (n = 14), and resistance training (TR) (n = 15). Their mean age was 15.7 ± 2.82 years. The training program lasted 12 weeks, and had a frequency of three times a week for AT and twice a week for RT. AT was performed in treadmill/ bicycle ergometer, at an intensity between 50%-70% of the HR reserve. RT comprised nine exercises with three sets of 12 repetition-maximum. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and hemodynamic variables were assessed beat-to-beat using the Finometer device before/after the training program. Descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of data, and the two-way ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare pre- and post-training variables. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate hemodynamic variables. The SPSS version 18.0 was used with the significance level set at p < 0.05.Results:After twelve weeks of aerobic and/or resistance training, significant reductions in variables SBP, DBP and MBP were observed.Conclusion:This study suggests a chronic hypotensive effect of moderate aerobic and resistance exercises on young individuals with DS.

Effects of Growth Hormone on Cardiac Remodeling During Resistance Training in Rats

Abstract Background: Although the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) on the cardiovascular system are well established, few studies have investigated the effects of the chronic growth hormone (GH) administration on cardiac remodeling during an RT program. Objective: To evaluate the effects of GH on the morphological features of cardiac remodeling and Ca2+ transport gene expression in rats submitted to RT. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7 per group): control (CT), GH, RT and RT with GH (RTGH). The dose of GH was 0.2 IU/kg every other day for 30 days. The RT model used was the vertical jump in water (4 sets of 10 jumps, 3 bouts/wk) for 30 consecutive days. After the experimental period, the following variables were analyzed: final body weight (FBW), left ventricular weight (LVW), LVW/FBW ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA), collagen fraction, creatine kinase muscle-brain fraction (CK-MB) and gene expressions of SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB) and ryanodine (RyR). Results: There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference among groups for FBW, LVW, LVW/FBW ratio, cardiomyocyte CSA, and SERCA2a, PLB and RyR gene expressions. The RT group showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in collagen fraction compared to the other groups. Additionally, the trained groups (RT and RTGH) had greater CK-MB levels compared to the untrained groups (CT and GH). Conclusion: GH may attenuate the negative effects of RT on cardiac remodeling by counteracting the increased collagen synthesis, without affecting the gene expression that regulates cardiac Ca2+ transport.

Resistance Training in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Severe Hypertension

Abstract Background: Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). Objective: This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. Methods: Fifteen male SHR ENT#091;206 ± 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)ENT#093; and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (~40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (~70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. Results: Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta - 5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in HR only for the RT1 group (p < 0.05). There was a higher increase in strength in the RT2 (140%; p < 0.05) group as compared with RT1 (11%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.

Aerobic Training after Myocardial Infarction: Remodeling Evaluated by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Abstract Background: Numerous studies show the benefits of exercise training after myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, the effects on function and remodeling are still controversial. Objectives: To evaluate, in patients after (MI), the effects of aerobic exercise of moderate intensity on ventricular remodeling by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Methods: 26 male patients, 52.9 ± 7.9 years, after a first MI, were assigned to groups: trained group (TG), 18; and control group (CG), 8. The TG performed supervised aerobic exercise on treadmill twice a week, and unsupervised sessions on 2 additional days per week, for at least 3 months. Laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements, resting heart rate (HR), exercise test, and CMR were conducted at baseline and follow-up. Results: The TG showed a 10.8% reduction in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), and a 7.3-bpm reduction in resting HR in both sitting and supine positions (p < 0.0001). There was an increase in oxygen uptake only in the TG (35.4 ± 8.1 to 49.1 ± 9.6 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant decrease in the TG left ventricular mass (LVmass) (128.7 ± 38.9 to 117.2 ± 27.2 g, p = 0.0032). There were no statistically significant changes in the values of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and ejection fraction in the groups. The LVmass/EDV ratio demonstrated a statistically significant positive remodeling in the TG (p = 0.015). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise of moderate intensity improved physical capacity and other cardiovascular variables. A positive remodeling was identified in the TG, where a left ventricular diastolic dimension increase was associated with LVmass reduction.

Transfer von kognitivem Training in den Alltag bei älteren Erwachsenen

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Humanwiss., Diss., 2013

Green jobs and climate change : the Saxony Anhalt Region - renewable energies in the perspective of the economy and vocational education and training

Fabienne-Agnes Baumann, Klaus Jenewein, Axel Müller

Identifizierung leistungsbestimmender Merkmale des Sprungaufschlages im Sportspiel Volleyball in Training und Wettkampf

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Humanwiss., Diss., 2015

Training medical students to conduct motivational interviewing: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) training among medical students. METHODS: All students (n=131) (year 5) at Lausanne Medical School, Switzerland were randomized into an experimental or a control group. After a training in basic communication skills (control condition), an 8-h MI training was completed by 84.8% students in the exprimental group. One week later, students in both groups were invited to meet with two standardized patients. MI skills were coded by blinded research assistants using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 3.0. RESULTS: Superior MI performance was shown for trained versus control students, as demonstrated by higher scores for "Empathy" [p<0.001] and "MI Spirit" [p<0.001]. Scores were similar between groups for "Direction", indicating that students in both groups invited the patient to talk about behavior change. Behavior counts assessment demonstrated better performance in MI in trained versus untrained students regarding occurences of MI-adherent behavior [p<0.001], MI non-adherent behavior [p<0.001], Closed questions [p<0.001], Open questions [p=0.001], simple reflections [p=0.03], and Complex reflections [p<0.001]. Occurrences were similar between groups regarding "Giving information". CONCLUSION: An 8-h training workshop was associated with improved MI performance. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: These findings lend support for the implementation of MI training in medical schools.