Ação educativa utilizada como estratégia para adesão da pessoa idosa ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo na Unidade de Saúde Bocainense no município de Bocaina de Minas - MG

A hipertensão arterial é um doença altamente presente na realidade da vida dos brasileiros, se consubstanciando em um problema de saúde básico, que requer atenção e cuidados direcionados de forma a prevenir ou em casos já disgnosticados, prover o eficaz tratamento, reduzindo os efeitos maléficos ou até as complicações advindas da mesma. De forma semelhante, no cenário do município de Bocaina de Minas, em que a frequência tão elevada de tal patologia a torna como um nó crítico da saúde local, tendo o condão de atrair para si um olhar mais atento e específico dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos, que almejam a criação de um plano estratégico de intervenção que prime pelo acompanhamento e controle dos níveis pressóricos em pacientes hipertensos idosos. Diante deste panorama alarmante de altissímo índice de pessoas acometidas por tal doença na fase idosa, há que se perfazer o cenário acarretador, as formas de atuação, os meios e estratégias de adesão ao acompanhamento e tratamento, bem como os resultados plausíveis dessa atuação conjunta dos profissionais de sáude locais, em consonância com os quadros delineados e os recursos disponíveis. Ademais, juntamente com todo esforço médico, atenta-se para o contexto responsável pela ausência ou dificuldade de adesao da população idosa alvo, bem como a mudança no estilo de vida pode ser a chave para uma alteração considerável e o caminho para melhoria na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Nessa toada, parte-se para o estudo pontual das necessidades e das possíveis soluções para o nó crítico presente no municipio de Bocaina, bem como do Brasil. Para tanto foi feita uma revisão de literatura que pudese trazer soluções de modo a propor um plano de intervenção visando a maior adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da HAS em idosos através de ações educativas.

Proposta de intervenção para tratamento e controle do impetigo no município de Pedra Azul

O impetigo é uma piodermite causada pelas bactérias Streptococcus pyogens e Staphylococcus aureus, podendo ser de duas formas: bolhoso e não bolhoso. Dependendo da evolução da doença podem ocorrer complicações piogênicas (pneumonia, abscesso pulmonar, derrame pleural, osteomielite, endocardite, septicemia) e não-piogênicas (glomerulonefrite pós-estreptocócica aguda). Fatores como falta de informação da população em relação ao impetigo, pobreza extrema, más condições de higiene, desnutrição, clima quente e úmido, dermatoses de base e aglomerações contribuem para incidência e propagação da doença. O tratamento consiste em aplicar orientações gerais, higiene corporal, tratamento de dermatose de base e uso de antibiótico tópico ou sistêmico. A alta incidência de casos de impetigo na população sob responsabilidade da Equipe de Saúde da Família Esperança e a facilidade na abordagem levaram à escolha deste tema para uma proposta de intervenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma proposta de intervenção com vistas à redução dos casos de impetigo, problema priorizado pela equipe, na Equipe de Saúde da Família Esperança. Para este problema foram definidos os seguintes nós críticos: (1) Atuar sobre saúde geral da criança e, especialmente, sobre fatores de risco e de complicações relacionado ao impetigo - Projeto "Acolher e cuidar +"; (2) Falta de informação da população em relação ao impetigo - Projeto "Informar +" (3) Necessidade de atualizar conhecimentos e estabelecer protocolo de atenção à saúde no tema impetigo - Projeto "Aprender sempre".

Capacitação para identificação, notificação e tratamento de casos de tracoma em escolares do ensino público fundamental do bairro Morumbi

O tracoma é afecção inflamatória ocular crônica, cujo agente etiológico é a Chlamydia trachomatis (sorotipos A, B, Ba e C), uma bactéria gram negativa, que provoca uma ceratoconjuntivite crônica recidivante e transmissível. A única fonte de infecção é o homem com infecção ativa na conjuntiva ou em outras mucosas. As formas de transmissão são a direta, de olho a olho, ou a indireta, através de objetos contaminados. Alguns insetos, como a mosca doméstica (Musca domestica) podem atuar como vetores. Em decorrência de infecções repetidas, o tracoma produz cicatrizes na conjuntiva palpebral, podendo levar à formação de entrópio e triquíase. Estas podem levar a alterações irreversíveis da córnea, causando cegueira. Com a prevalência do tracoma nas crianças de ensino público fundamental, em decorrência das más condições habitacionais e de saúde, além do desconhecimento dos profissionais de saúde acerca da identificação, notificação e tratamento do tracoma, esse trabalho tem como objetivo levar conhecimento, capacitar e informar sobre a notificação e encaminhamento dos casos suspeitos de tracoma

Diagnóstico e tratamento da hanseníase e efeitos adversos à medicação [Hanseníase]

O conteúdo desse vídeo fala do diagnóstico, tratamento da hanseníase e efeitos adversos à medicação.

Tabagismo: Tratamento na atenção básica

O vídeo fala sobre o tratamento do tabagismo na atenção básica, indicadores do tabagismo, apoio medicamentoso, aquisição de medicamentos e os municípios capacitados e implantados para o tratamento do fumante.

Importância do tratamento odontológico na gravidez

O vídeo fala sobre a importância do tratamento odontológico na gravidez, doenças periodontais, as principais alterações bucais e também sobre o atendimento odontológico à gestante.

PARAFAC: uma ferramenta quimiométrica para tratamento de dados multidimensionais. Aplicações na determinação direta de fármacos em plasma humano por espectrofluorimetria

Since the last decade, the combined use of chemometrics and molecular spectroscopic techniques has become a new alternative for direct drug determination, without the need of physical separation. Among the new methodologies developed, the application of PARAFAC in the decomposition of spectrofluorimetric data should be highlighted. The first objective of this article is to describe the theoretical basis of PARAFAC. For this purpose, a discussion about the order of chemometric methods used in multivariate calibration and the development of multi-dimensional methods is presented first. The other objective of this article is to divulge for the Brazilian chemical community the potential of the combination PARAFAC/spectrofluorimetry for the determination of drugs in complex biological matrices. For this purpose, two applications aiming at determining, respectively, doxorrubicine and salicylate in human plasma are presented.

Descrição e discriminação de formas de nervuras foliares utilizando a representação polinomial cúbica de Hermite

This paper describes a method for leaf vein shape characterization using Hermite polynomial cubic representation. The elements associated with this representation are used as secondary vein descriptors and their discriminatory potential are analyzed based on the identification of two legume species (Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassl. and L. subglaucescens Mart, ex Benth.). The elements of Hermite geometry influence a curve along all its extension allowing a global description of the secondary vein course by a descriptor of low dimensionality. The obtained results shown the analyzed species can be discriminated by this method and it can be used in addition to commonly considered elements in the taxonomic process.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes idosos um ano após o tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.

Sistema MINUS® - técnica minimamente invasiva para o tratamento das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.

Formas de Funcionalismo na Sintaxe

This article shows that the term functionalism, very often understood as a single or uniform approach in linguistics, has to be understood in its different perspectives. I start by presenting an opposing conception similar to the I-language vs E-language in Chomsky (1986). As in the latter conception , language can be understood as an abstract model of a mind internal mechanism responsible for language production and perception or, as in the former one, it can be the description of the external use of language. Also like with formalists , there are functionalists who look for cross-linguistic variation (and universals of language use) and functionalists who look for language internal variation. It is also shown that functionalists can differ in the extent to which social variables are considered in the explanation of linguistic form.

O comportamento de crianças em tratamento odontológico: intervenção psicofarmacológica

The present investigation evaluated the effects of diazepam used to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. Six participants received placebo or diazepam (0,3 mg/kg weight) before formal dental treatment at total 54 sessions that were all recorded in videotapes. The analysis of recorded child (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior management procedures (distraction, explanation, positive reinforcement) indicates no differences by using a double-blind Wilcoxon design (p>0.05). It is suggested the necessity of methodological refinement in studies that combine psychological and pharmacological handling strategies.

Medo, ansiedade e controle relacionados ao tratamento odontológico

The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.

Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents: literature review and clinical recommendations

Objective: To review the literature about the use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents. Method: The databases MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS were searched for publications in Portuguese or English from 1992 to August 2011 using the following keywords: mental disease, child, adolescent, treatment, atypical antipsychotic, aggressive behavior, aggression, and violent behavior. Results: Sixty-seven studies of good methodological quality and clinical interest and relevance were identified. Studies including children and adolescents were relatively limited, because few atypical antipsychotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All the medications included in this review (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and clozapine) have some effectiveness in treating aggression in children and adolescents, and choices should be based on clinical indications and side effects. Conclusions: There are few studies about the effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics for the pediatric population, and further randomized controlled studies with larger groups of patients and more diagnostic categories, such as severe conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, should be conducted to confirm the results reported up to date and to evaluate the impact of long-term use.

Phenotypic variability in a family with x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy caused by the p.Trp132Ter mutation

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease with clinical heterogeneity varying from presymptomatic individuals to rapidly progressive cerebral ALD forms. This disease is characterized by increased concentration of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plasma and in adrenal, testicular and nervous tissues. Affected individuals can be classified in different clinical settings, according to phenotypic expression and age at onset of initial symptoms. Molecular defects in X-ALD individuals usually result from ABCD1 gene mutations. In the present report we describe clinical data and the ABCD1 gene study in two boys affected with the childhood cerebral form that presented with different symptomatic manifestations at diagnosis. In addition, their maternal grandfather had been diagnosed with Addison's disease indicating phenotypic variation for X-ALD within this family. The mutation p.Trp132Ter was identified in both male patients; additionally, three females, out of eleven family members, were found to be heterozygous after screening for this mutation. In the present report, the molecular analysis was especially important since one of the heterozygous females was in first stages of pregnancy. Therefore, depending on the fetus outcome, if male and p.Trp132Ter carrier, storage of the umbilical cord blood should be recommended as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be considered as an option for treatment in the future.