Sermons by the Rev. Thomas Bacon, of Maryland, first published in 1763, on the duties of servants.

"Reprinted for the 'Society for the Advancement of Christianity in South-Carolina'."

Thirteen historical discourses on the completion of two hundred years : from the beginning of the First Church in New Haven, with an appendix /

Includes bibliographical references.

First record from Australia of the Cretaceous fern genus Tempskya and the description of a new species, T judithae

Silicified fragments of false-trunks of the fern, Tempskya judithae sp. nov., are described from lower Cretaceous (latest Albian) sediments near Winton, central-western Queensland. The species is characterised by a three-layered sclerenchymatous cortex and a two-layered pith of sclerenchyma cells. In possessing these characters, T judithae is more similar to T readii than to other species of Tempskya. However, the Australian species differs from T readii in the abaxial shape of the petiole xylem trace (concave in T judithae, convex in T readii) and in symmetry attributes of the leaf-bases within the false-trunk (random in T judithae and radially symmetrical in T readii). T judithae is the first record of Tempskya from Australia and the second from Gondwana; the known distribution range of the genus embraces a broad area in mid-high latitudinal regions of Laurasia and the Gondwana record now comprises Australia and Argentina. Ecological signals of plant fossil assemblages recorded from the Australian sediments are in accord with flood plain habitats and a temperate climatic regime. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dinosaur sanctuary on the Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific: First record of theropods from the K-T boundary Takatika Grit

Cretaceous-Tertiaty (K-T) boundary (ca. 65 Ma) sections on a Southwest Pacific island containing dinosaurs were unknown until March 2003 when theropod bones were recovered from the Takatika Grit on the remote Chatham Islands (latitude 44 degrees S, longitude 176 degrees W), along the Chatham Rise. Tectonic and palaeontologic evidence support the eastward extension of a ca. 900 km land bridge that connected the islands to what is now New Zealand prior to the K-T boundary. The Chathams terrestrial fauna inhabited coastal, temperate environments along a low-lying, narrow, crustal extension of the New Zealand subcontinent, characterised by a tectonically dynamic, volcanic landscape with eroding hills (horsts) adjacent to flood plains and deltas, all sediments accumulating in grabens. This finger-like tract was blanketed with a conifer and clubmoss (Lycopodiopsida) dominated forest. The Chatham Islands region would have, along with New Zealand, provided a dinosaur island sanctuary after separating from the Gondwana margin ca. 80 Ma. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First record of Calcinus tubularis on the southern coast of Portugal (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae)

Twenty-five specimens of the hermit crab Calcinus tubularis were observed during SCUBA dives for fauna and flora assessment in the shallow rocky reefs of the southern coast of Portugal between 2003 and 2008. Of the specimens observed, only one specimen used a tube gallery, while the others occupied unidentified gastropod shells with strong bio-cover. Calcinus tubularis is here recorded from the mainland Portuguese coast for the first time. This is the first record of the species in European coastal waters outside the Mediterranean Sea (excluding the Atlantic Islands) and extends the known geographical distribution of the species further north in the north-eastern Atlantic.

Triphora uniflora AC Ferreira, Baptista & Pansarin (Orchidaceae: Triphorcae): a new species and the first record of the genus Triphora Nutt. for Sao Paulo state, Brazil

(Triphora uniflora A.C. Ferreira, Baptista & Pansarin (Orchidaccae: Triphorcae): a new species and the first record of the genus Triphora Nutt. for Sao Paulo state, Brazil). Triphora uniflora A. C. Ferreira, Baptista & Pansarin, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated. Furthermore, this is the first report of the genus Triphora for Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The relationship of this new species to other taxa of the genus and the need to preserve the natural habitat of this Triphora species are discussed.

African histoplasmosis: report of the first case in Brazil and treatment with itraconazole

We report the first case of African histoplasmosis diagnosed in Brazil. The patient was an immigrant from Angola who had come to Brazil six months after the appearance of the skin lesion. The skin of the right retroauricular area was the only site of involvement. The diagnosis was established by direct mycologic examination, culture and by histopathologic examination of the lesion. The patient was successfully treated with Itraconazole 100mg a day for 52 days. No recurrent skin lesions were observed during the ten month follow-up period.

Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii. Report of the first case in São Paulo, Brazil

The authors report the first case of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii in a patient from the State of São Paulo with Tinea corporis lesions localized on the buttocks. Culture on Sabouraud-agar with cycloheximide permitted the isolation and identification of the fungus, and the diagnosis was confirmed by Dr. Lynne Sigler, University of Alberta, Canada. Systemic treatment with fluconazole, 150 mg/week for 4 weeks, in combination with topical treatment with isoconazole initially yielded favorable results, with recurrence of the lesions after the medication was discontinued. This is the fifth case of this dermatophytosis published in the Brazilian medical literature.

Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: first description in Brazil

Two cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) caused by Listeria monocytogenes in cirrhotic patients are reported. In one of the cases, the microorganism was isolated from pleural effusion and ascites. SBP is a serious and common complication of patients with ascites caused by hepatic cirrhosis and the culture of the ascitic fluid is an important tool for the diagnosis and for the more appropriate treatment. Although a third generation cephalosporin has usually been employed for empiric treatment of SBP, it does not provide adequate coverage against Listeria spp. In such cases the use of ampicillin (with or without sulbactam) or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is recommended. The last one is used for secondary prophylaxis, instead of norfloxacin. To summarize, Listeria monocytogenes infection is a rare cause of SBP, whose treatment should be specific for the bacteria.

Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains eight years apart from its first isolation in São Paulo, Brazil

E. faecium was the first reported VRE species, carrying the vanA gene in Brazil. In spite of this, vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis has become the predominant species in Brazilian hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness of VREs isolated in a Brazilian teaching hospital eight years apart from its first isolation. We analyzed 38 VRE strains obtained from 81 surveillance cultures of patients admitted to the four largest intensive care units in Hospital São Paulo in February, 2006. Presence of the vanA gene was assayed by PCR and PFGE analysis was used for molecular characterization. All VRE strains carried the vanA gene. Two distinct clonal groups were observed among vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium belonged to five distinct clones were demonstrated by molecular typing. All of these clones were different from the first vancomycin-resistant enterococci clone isolated eight years ago in our hospital.

Evidence for Nevirapine Bioactivation in Man: Searching for the First Step in the Mechanism of Nevirapine Toxicity

Despite its efficacy, including in the prevention of vertical transmission, the antiretroviral nevirapine is associated with severe idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and skin rash. The mechanisms underlying nevirapine toxicity are not fully understood, but drug bioactivation to reactive metabolites capable of forming stable protein adducts is thought to be involved. This hypothesis is based on the paradigm that drug reactive metabolites have the potential to bind to self-proteins, which results in drug-modified proteins being perceived as foreign by the immune system. The aim of the present work was to identify hemoglobin adducts in HIV patients as biomarkers of nevirapine haptenation upon bioactivation. The ultimate goal is to develop diagnostic methods for predicting the onset of nevirapine-induced toxic reactions. All included subjects were adults on nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy for at least 1month. The protocol received prior approval from the Hospital Ethics Committees and patients gave their written informed consent. Nevirapine-derived adducts with the N-terminal valine of hemoglobin were analyzed by an established liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method and characterized on the basis of retention time and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern by comparison with adduct standards prepared synthetically. The nevirapine adducts were detected in 12/13 patient samples, and quantified in 11/12 samples (2.58±0.8 fmol/g of hemoglobin). This work represents the first evidence of nevirapine-protein adduct formation in man and confirms the ability of nevirapine to modify self-proteins, thus providing clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying nevirapine toxicity. Moreover, the possibility of assessing nevirapine-protein adduct levels has the potential to become useful for predicting the onset of nevirapine-induced adverse reactions.

Predation of bat (Molossus molossus: Molossidae) by the centipede Scolopendra viridicornis (Scolopendridae) in Southern Amazonia

Centipedes are opportunistic carnivore predators, and large species can feed on a wide variety of vertebrates, including bats. The aim of this study was to report the third record of bat predation by centipedes worldwide, the first record in the Amazon region, while covering aspects of foraging, capture and handling of prey. We observed the occurence in a fortuitous encounter at Cristalino State Park, located in the Amazon region of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The attack took place in a small wooden structure, at about three meters from the floor, and was observed for 20 minutes. During the observation, the centipede stung the neck and abdominal region of the bat several times, grabbing the prey with its 15 pairs of front legs while hanging from the ceiling with its hind legs. This type of observation suggests that vertebrates can be important preys for invertebrates such as giant centipedes, both for its nutritional composition and for the amount of energy available in a single prey.

Producción y Reproducción social durante el primer Milenio en el Valle de Tafí (Tucumán, Argentina). Social Production and reproduction in the First Millenium in Tafí Valley (Tucumán, Argentina).

El Valle de Tafí fue uno de los primeros espacios del Noroeste Argentino habitados por comunidades sedentarias, entre el 200 a.C. y el 900 d.C. Éstas establecieron asentamientos aldeanos de varias hectáreas de superficie, alterando sensiblemente el paisaje mediante la construcción de numerosos conjuntos residenciales, canales de manejo del agua, montículos de limpieza de campos de cultivo y muros de contención del suelo. Los procesos históricos desarrollados en ese milenio fueron explicados desde perspectivas teóricas culturalistas (González y Núñez 1960) y sistémicas (Berberián y Nielsen 1988a), las cuales permitieron establecer una estructura cronológica inicial y las principales estrategias adaptativas para el proceso. Este proyecto intenta abordar el modo en que las estrategias de reproducción doméstica se relacionaron con la estructuración del contexto social más amplio. Interesa particularmente analizar las maneras en que la cultura material (arquitectura residencial, campos agrícolas, entierros, alfarería y bienes de prestigio) fue utilizada en la construcción de la sociedad, enfocándonos en la agencia y la identidad. Es de particular importancia establecer la escala real de acción social involucrada en los procesos y la identidad de los grupos que tuvieron una participación activa en ellos. Los trabajos de campo realizados en el Valle de Tafí han provisto de una gran cantidad de datos que evidencian el desarrollo de una sociedad compleja en el primer milenio d.C.: producción agrícola intensiva, demografía creciente, objetos de prestigio en contextos funerarios e intercambio a larga distancia (González y Núñez 1960, Berberián y Nielsen 1988a y 1988b). Sin embargo las unidades sociales implicadas no parecen haber superado a las relaciones propias de unidades domésticas extendidas. Las excavaciones realizadas por nuestro equipo han mostrado fuertes conexiones entre las estrategias de reproducción social doméstica, producción agrícola fragmentada y rituales a los ancestros, materializados no sólo en contextos funerarios ("cistas") y monumentos monolíticos ("menhires-huancas"), sino también en la arquitectura doméstica. Esta relación fue interpretada como un aspecto central en el desarrollo de las sociedades agrícolas tempranas de sur andino, siendo la base de grupos de parentesco competitivos en luchas sociales y negociaciones políticas permanentes. Esta lógica social permitiría explicar la variabilidad registrada en la materialidad arqueológica. La realización de prospecciones, relevamientos y mapeos de sitios, excavaciones sistemáticas, dataciones absolutas, análisis paleopatológicos sobre restos humanos, estudios cerámicos, líticos y de química de suelos, es esencial no sólo para el incremento del corpus de datos que de luz a estos problemas, sino también para la toma de conciencia social acerca del valor del patrimonio cultural prehispánico, que en el presente se encuentra en riesgo.La concreción de los objetivos de este proyecto aportarán a esclarecer hasta qué punto la materialidad doméstica fue un elemento reproductor de predisposiciones subjetivas de la acción (habitus), cómo se relacionaron las viviendas a los sectores de cultivo, en qué forma los emplazamientos productivos modificaron el paisaje y esto repercutió en la propiedad de los medios productivos. Considerando que Tafí fue uno de los primeros valles intermontanos del Noroeste Argentino habitado por comunidades agricultoras, y que este ámbito geográfico significa un lugar de paso obligado entre las yungas orientales y los valles semiáridos y la puna, un profundo estudio de su arqueología podría proveer una mirada sobre la historia del desarrollo cultural surandino. Esta área geográfica es una clave para entender no sólo la historia de los grupos locales sino también el desarrollo y la interacción en un área mayor que se extiende más allá de lo Andes, en Chile.