Efeitos do ácido ascórbico intracameral sobre o endotélio corneal e sobre o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a) em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Capsular tension ring alone and associated with acrylic foldable intraocular lens in posterior capsular opacification after phacoemulsification in dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A randomised controlled trial of periconal eye blockade with or without ultrasound guidance

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Refractive errors in a Brazilian population: age and sex distribution

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Taxa de crescimento axial pós-operatório de olhos com catarata congênita e do desenvolvimento submetidos a facectomia com implante de lente intra-ocular

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Acessibilidade e resolutividade em assistência oftalmológica para o SUS

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Acessibilidade e resolutividade em assistência oftalmológica para o SUS

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Effects of age and optical blur on real depth stereoacuity

Stereoscopic depth perception utilizes the disparity cues between the images that fall on the retinae of the two eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine what role aging and optical blur play in stereoscopic disparity sensitivity for real depth stimuli. Forty-six volunteers were tested ranging in age from 15 to 60 years. Crossed and uncrossed disparity thresholds were measured using white light under conditions of best optical correction. The uncrossed disparity thresholds were also measured with optical blur (from +1.0D to +5.0D added to the best correction). Stereothresholds were measured using the Frisby Stereo Test, which utilizes a four-alternative forced-choice staircase procedure. The threshold disparities measured for young adults were frequently lower than 10 arcsec, a value considerably lower than the clinical estimates commonly obtained using Random Dot Stereograms (20 arcsec) or Titmus Fly Test (40 arcsec) tests. Contrary to previous reports, disparity thresholds increased between the ages of 31 and 45 years. This finding should be taken into account in clinical evaluation of visual function of older patients. Optical blur degrades visual acuity and stereoacuity similarly under white-light conditions, indicating that both functions are affected proportionally by optical defocus.

Modulation transfer function and optical quality after bilateral implantation of a+3.00 D versus a+4.00 D multifocal intraocular lens

PURPOSE: To determine whether the improvement in intermediate vision after bilateral implantation of an aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a +3.00 diopter (D) addition (add) occurs at the expense of optical quality compared with the previous model with a +4.00 D add. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Prospective randomized double-masked comparative clinical trial. METHODS: One year after bilateral implantation of Acrysof Restor SN6AD1 +3.00 D IOLs or Acrysof Restor SN6AD3 +4.00 D IOLs, optical quality was evaluated by analyzing the in vivo modulation transfer function (MTF) and point-spread function (expressed as Strehl ratio). The Strehl ratio and MTF curve with a 4.0 pupil and a 6.0 mm pupil were measured by dynamic retinoscopy aberrometry. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities at 4 m, uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuities at 40 cm, and uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuities at 50 cm, 60 cm, and 70 cm were measured. RESULTS: Both IOL groups comprised 40 eyes of 20 patients. One year postoperatively, there were no statistically significant between-group differences in the MTF or Strehl ratio with either pupil size. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in distance or near visual acuity. Intermediate visual acuity was significantly better in the +3.00 D IOL group. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the improvement in intermediate vision in eyes with the aspheric multifocal +3.00 D add IOL occurred without decreasing optical quality over that with the previous version IOL with a +4.00 D add.

Excited-state dynamics of meso-tetrakis(sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin J-aggregates

The excited-state dynamics of free-base meso-tetrakis(sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin J-aggregates obtained by the Z-scan technique in femto- and picosecond time scales, along with UV-Vis spectroscopy and flash photolysis is reported. Besides obtaining the S-1 state lifetime, the discrimination between internal conversion and intersystem crossing nonradiative processes from that state was also possible, and their rates and respective quantum yields were found. The aggregates present reverse saturable absorption at 532 nm for both singlet and triplet excited states. The data shown is important for several applications such as optical limiting, photodynamic therapy and others. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Epidemiologic surveillance of postoperative endophthalmitis in a specialized ophthalmologic center in Sao Paulo, Brazil

This article describes a postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) surveillance system in place in a specialized ophthalmologic center in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study involved a review of medical records from 2004-2009, during which a total of 31,999 intraocular surgeries were performed. Nineteen of these cases fulfilled the criteria for POE, for an infection rate of 0.06%. The main etiologic agent causing POE was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, identified in 42.1% of the cases (8/19). Copyright (C) 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL GROWTH ON SINGLE-USE VITRECTOMY PROBES REPROCESSED IN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial growth on single-use vitrectomy probes reprocessed in healthcare practice. We investigated nine vitrectomy probes that had been reused and reprocessed using different methods. The samples were sectioned, individually, in portions of 3.5 cm, totaling 979 sampling units (extensions, connectors and vitrectomy cutters), which were inoculated in culture medium and incubated at 37 C for 14 days. The results showed microbial growth on 57 (5.8%) sample units, 25 of which had been sterilized using ethylene oxide, 16 by hydrogen peroxide plasma, and 16 by low-temperature steam and formaldehyde. Seventeen microbial species were identified. The most prevalent were: Micrococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus subtilis. The reuse of single-use vitrectomy probes was shown to be unsafe, therefore this practice is not recommended.

Corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C for hyperopia after radial keratotomy: Two-year follow-up

PURPOSE: To assess corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct hyperopia after radial keratotomy (RK). SETTING: Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: Excimer laser corneal wavefront-guided PRK with intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02% was performed. Main outcome measures were uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, spherical equivalent (SE), corneal aberrations, and haze. RESULTS: The mean time between RK and PRK in the 61 eyes (39 patients) was 18.8 years +/- 3.8 (SD). Before PRK, the mean SE was +4.17 +/- 1.97 diopters (D); the mean astigmatism, -1.39 +/- 1.04 D; and the mean CDVA, 0.161 +/- 0.137 logMAR. At 24 months, the mean values were 0.14 +/- 0.99 D (P<.001), -1.19 +/- 1.02 D (P=.627), and 0.072 +/- 0.094 logMAR (P<.001), respectively; the mean UDVA was 0.265 +/- 0.196 (P<.001). The UDVA was 20/25 or better in 37.7% of eyes and 20/40 or better in 68.9%. The CDVA improved by 1 or more lines in 62.3% of eyes. Two eyes (3.3%) lost 2 or more lines, 1 due to corneal ectasia. Thirty eyes (49.2%) were within +/- 0.50 D of intended SE and 45 (73.8%) were within +/- 1.00 D. From 6 to 24 months, the mean SE regression was +0.39 D (P<.05). A significant decrease in coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration occurred. Three eyes developed peripheral haze more than grade 1. CONCLUSION: Corneal wavefront-guided PRK with MMC for hyperopia after RK significantly improved UDVA, CDVA, and higher-order corneal aberrations with a low incidence of visually significant corneal haze.

A study of pent-up demand in ophthalmology: Divinolandia Hospital/Unicamp

Objective: To assess the waiting time for eye care identifying the number of patients with each complaint; to investigate how the waiting time may worsen the patient's condition; to check the screening of urgent cases for effectiveness; and to devise means of increasing the medical-surgical care capacity. Methods: A retrospective descriptive survey was conducted using data obtained on 12 occasions during collaborative team visits to provide eyecare services. These initiatives were designed to decrease the waiting time and to treat urgent cases that occurred on each occasion; eyecare services were provided every Saturday, in the period from June to August 2006, in 16 cities of the region covered by Conderg (Consortium for the Development of the Sao Joao da Boa Vista Administrative Region). Results: Referrals used 1,743 (87.1%) of the 2,000 places available. The most frequent diagnoses were refractive errors, with 683 cases, corresponding to 39.1% of the total, followed by cataracts, with 296 cases, corresponding to 20.9%. Of the 238 surgeries indicated, 54.6% were phakectomies. Thirty-five (2.0%) cases were considered urgent. Conclusion: The most common diagnoses made during the team visits to manage the excess demand for eyecare were refractive errors and cataracts, which, together, accounted for the majority of the cases. The Divinolandia Hospital has the necessary human and material resources to meet the demand left unattended by the local SUS network. Immediate referral of urgent cases by the primary units' screeners proved effective.

Rescue technique for salvaging toric intraocular lens alignment

Accurate alignment of a toric intraocular lens (IOL) is a requisite to achieving the intended reduction in astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. However, it requires a reasonably clear view of the limbal vascular anatomy, which is sometimes altered by chemosis from a subconjunctival anesthetic injection or a hemorrhage. We describe a technique that can quickly restore vascular anatomy and facilitate toric IOL alignment.