515 resultados para FICUS CARICA


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Brazil has a wide diversity of food sources of carotenoids. The updated Brazilian database consists of more than 270 items of fruits, vegetables and their prepared and processed products. The database demonstrates variations due to variety, maturity, production technique, climate and processing. Many of these foods are not found in the US and European databases. Good to rich sources (>20 μg/g) of β-carotene are: acerola, bocaiúva, mango 'Extreme' and tucumã. Sources of both α-carotene and β-carotene are buriti, carrot, Cucurbita moschata 'Menina Brasileira', 'Baianinha' and 'Goianinha', and red palm oil. Commercially produced and uncultivated or semi-cultivated leafy vegetables, C. maxima 'Jerimum Caboclo' and the hybrid Tetsukabuto, cooked broccoli are sources of lutein and β-carotene. The edible Tropaeolum majus flower is especially rich in lutein. Although many fruits have β-cryptoxanthin as principal carotenoid (e.g. caja, nectarine, peach, orange-fleshed papaya, tree tomato), the levels are below 20 μg/g. Good to rich sources of lycopene are guava and guava products, papaya, pitanga and pitanga juice, tomato and tomato products, and watermelon. Sources of zeaxanthin are rare; although the principal carotenoid of piqui, the amount is low, lower than that found in buriti.

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Zoology laboratories at institutions of research and education have shown great demand for anatomical parts for practical lessons. However, although the bibliography is not necessarily scarce, analyses of the cost/benefit relations of such processes are rare, considering aspects such as preparation time, quality of the anatomical parts, and material and human resources. In addition to the common techniques already used, new low-cost products, not cited in literature and easily found in the market, were also tested. The main objective of this work was to elaborate and organize information on techniques of bone parts maceration for study collections, making comparative analyses on the cost/benefit relations of each technique. Twelve products were tested, evaluating experimental conditions such as: concentration and combination of reagents, temperature, pH and time of exposure of the parts to the reagents. The results indicated that the products recommended for the use in the maceration processes were: water, hydrogen peroxide and papaya juice (Carica papaya).

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The plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for serious injuries in roots and shoots of ornamental plants, reducing its beauty and consequently its economic value. This study aimed to ascertain the occurrence and distribution of plantparasitic nematodes through the analysis of the roots of ornamental and flowering plants at UNESP FCAV's landscape. The roots were collected from fifteen different species as follows: Anthurium andreannum, Rhododendron simsii, Impatiens walleriana, Calathea stromata, Cordyline terminalis, Dieffenbachia picta, Dracaena marginata, Ficus benjamina, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', Spathiphyllum wallisi 'American Beauty' and 'Mini', Odontonema strictum, Portulaca grandiflora, Strelitzia reginae, Tradescantia zebrina and Tradescantia pallida. Samples of roots were processed. The plant-parasitic nematodes identified in the samples were: Meloidogyne sp. (Anthurium andreannum, Calathea stromata, Dieffenbachia picta, Ficus benjamina, Impatiens walleriana, Odontonema strictum, Portulaca grandiflora, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation'), Helicotylenchus dihystera (Calathea stromata, Dracaena marginata, Portulaca grandiflora, Spathiphyllum ortgiessi 'Sensation', Tradescantia pallida, Tradescantia zebrina), Tylenchus sp. (Anthurium andreannum, Calathea stromata, Cordyline terminalis, Dieffenbachia picta, Ficus benjamina, Rhododendron simsii), Aphelenchoides sp. (Dieffenbachia picta, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', S. wallisi 'American Beauty'), Rotylenchulus reniformis (Cordyline terminalis, Dracaena marginata, Odontonema strictum), Pratylenchus sp. (Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', Spathiphyllum wallisi 'Mini'), Ditylenchus sp. (Spathiphyllum wallisi 'Mini'), Pratylenchus brachyurus (Tradescantia zebrina). The plant-parasitic nematodes weren't found in the roots of Strelitzia reginae.

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As an additive in in vitro culture media, fruits have a great potential for facilitating economical orchid production because of lower technology requirements and the ease of obtaining raw materials to formulate culture media. We studied the in vitro growth of Cattleya bicolor Lindl. grown in a simplified culture medium supplemented with different kinds of fruit pulp. The experimental design was completely randomised, with eight seedlings per replication and ten replications per treatment, for a total of 80 seedlings per treatment. The culture medium was made using 150 g L -1 of pulp (without peel or seed) from the following fruits: ripe Santa Cruz tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), dwarf bananas (Musa cavendishii L.) of intermediate ripeness, light green chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw), ripe papaya (Carica papaya L.) or green coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).The treatment control was MS 50 %. The treatments and the control were kept in a growth chamber for seven months before evaluating seedling survival percentage, shoot height, number of leaves, rooting percentage, root number, root length and dry masses of shoot and roots. The highest percentages of seedling survival were obtained using MS 50 %, banana and coconut medium. The seedling survival and rooting percentages illustrate that it is possible to emphasise the culture medium MS 50% and the culture medium supplemented with coconut on the most traditional culture medium with banana or tomato pulp. For the in vitro development of Cattleya bicolor Lindl., a simplified culture medium supplemented with coconut pulp is the most suitable for use as an alternative to MS 50%. A simplified culture medium supplemented with papaya pulp is not recommended for the in vitro development of Cattleya bicolor Lindl.

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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O comportamento de dois grupos silvestres de guaribas (Alouatia helzebui) foi monitorado na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (Pará) ao longo de um período de 113 meses em 1997/98, visando registrar suas características ecológicas, principalmente sua dieta e a dispersão de sementes. Dados comportamentais quantitativos foram obtidos através do método de varredura instantânea. Os guaribas foram sempre pouco ativos, dedicando mais da metade de seu tempo ao descanso e proporções bem menores às atividades de locomoção, alimentação e comportamento social. A utilização da área de vida foi fortemente influenciada pela distribuição de recursos alimentares, especialmente fontes de frutos. A composição básica da dieta foi folívora-frugívora, embora no inverno (novembro-abril) o item mais consumido foi fruto (54,1 % de registros para o grupo principal, denominado "L"), enquanto no verão (maio-agosto), folhas foram muito mais consumidas (84,5 %, grupo L). O tempo de passagem das sementes pelo trato digestivo foi em média 22:49±6:12 h, e sementes ingeridas foram dispersadas a urna distância média de 172,0±113,8 m, embora esta distância tenha sido significativamente maior no inverno. As taxas de germinação de sementes registradas em testes realizados no campo e no laboratório foram inconclusivos a respeito dos efeitos da ingestão sobre sua viabilidade. Em apenas alguns casos, como Ficus guianensis, a principal fonte de fruto, a taxa de germinação de sementes ingeridas foi significativamente maior em comparação com o controle (não-ingeridas). Mesmo assim, em nenhum caso a ingestão teve um efeito negativo marcante sobre a viabilidade. De um modo geral, o presente estudo reforça a idéia de que A. belzehul é um guariba típico, ecologicamente, embora relativamente frugívoro, exercendo um papel importante no ecossistema de floresta amazônica como dispersor de sementes.