Efeito de deltametrina na biologia de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em laboratório

Estudou-se a oviposição, desenvolvimento, fecundidade e sobrevivência de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), sobre discos de folhas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) submetidos à aplicação do piretróide deltametrina. em laboratório, deltametrina não interferiu no número de ovos postos pelas fêmeas em discos tratados; no período de incubação; na viabilidade dos ovos; e na duração do ciclo biológico da fêmea. em contrapartida, o inseticida causou aumento na duração da fase pós-embrionária (larva-adulto) da fêmea em 17,4% e do macho em 17,2%, duração do ciclo biológico do macho em 0,7%, e afetou a sobrevivência de machos e fêmeas em até 63,9%. As fêmeas descendentes de progênies criadas sobre discos de folhas tratadas com deltametrina apresentaram um aumento de 31,9% na oviposição.

Avaliação das silagens de capim-elefante aditivadas com nabo forrageiro, pinhão manso e tremoço, pela técnica de produção de gases

Objetivou-se, na condução deste trabalho, a avaliação das silagens de capim-elefante aditivadas com tortas de nabo forrageiro, pinhão manso e tremoço pela técnica de produção de gás. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Nutrição Animal do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de São Paulo (LANA/CENA/USP). Como doadores de líquido de rúmen, foram utilizados 2 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, machos, adultos, castrados e providos de cânula ruminal permanente. A alimentação dos animais doadores foi constituída de forragem de gramínea cultivada e uma suplementação, ao final do dia, com feno de Tifton, concentrado comercial e sal mineral à vontade. Os substratos foram secos a 60ºC, moídos em moinho do tipo Willey, provido de peneira com perfurações de 2 mm. Os gases produzidos durante os diferentes períodos de fermentação (0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 h) foram medidos com um transducer - medidor de pressão.O experimento foi instalado segundo um delineamento de blocos ao acaso em que os tratamentos foram arranjados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Os maiores valores de produção de gás observados para os tratamentos em que adicionou-se torta de tremoço quando comparados com as outras tortas, decorreu do fato da torta de tremoço apresentar menor teor de fibras, propiciando assim, uma maior fermentação ruminal e, consequentemente, maior produção de gás em relação a outros alimentos com maior proporção de carboidratos estruturais (parede celular).As taxas de degradação da fração solúvel da matéria seca foi menor para NF 8% e PM 11% em relação às outras silagens estudadas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as TNF, TPM e TT, nos diferentes níveis, em relação ao volume de gases em 96 h de incubação (P<0,05). As silagens contendo torta de tremoço apresentaram maior produção de gases quando comparadas Às outras tortas. em todos os tratamentos, exceto naqueles em que adicionou-se TT, houve diminuição (P<0,05) nos valores médios de degradabilidade da matéria seca às 96 horas, à medida que aumentou-se o nível de inclusão das tortas. As silagens de capim-elefante adicionadas de tortas de nabo forrageiro ou tremoço, nos diferentes níveis, apresentaram maiores taxas de degradação e maiores produções de gases que as adicionadas de torta de pinhão manso.

Biorregulador e pré-condicionamento osmótico na germinação de sementes e no crescimento inicial da muda de carobinha (Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença) - Bignoniaceae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ganho de peso e alterações anatomopatológicas de tilápia-do-nilo arraçoadas com farelo de cacau

The experiment was carried out on the Laboratory of Fish Nutrition - F.M.V.Z., Campus Botucatu - integrated to the UNESP Aquaculture Center, with the main purpose of evaluating the effects of the use of cocoa meal (Theobroma cacao) on diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Six diets with increasing levels of cocoa meal (CM): 0% CM; 4% CM; 8% CM; 12% CM; 16% CM and 20% CM were fed for 120 days to the fingerlings, in a completely randomized design. Results showed no significant adverse effect of cocoa meal on weight gain (p>0.05), but there were restrictions to its use on diet, as it was found pathological effects on liver and also behavior disturbs caused by alkaloids present on the product.

Consumo e ganho de peso de larvas de Chrysoperla Externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) de diferentes Populaçoes e Geraçoes de Laboratório

Several studies have been made about biology, predatory capacity, and food consumption to crisopids species, trying to get informations to use in Integrated Pest Management. Raising insects in laboratory for many generations could cause blood relation problems, even annihilate the insect mass production. In this way, the objective of this work was to determine the consumption and the weight gain to Chrysoperla externa larvae from two populations and different laboratory generations, founded by 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 couples. By the result it was possible to conclude that larvae food consumption was higher in populations founded by greater number of couples, and it is not verified variation among populations and generations.

Doenças respiratórias em aves atendidas no laboratório de oriento- Patologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 A 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZUNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.

Comportamento de cultivares de soja quanto a qualidade fisiológica de sementes

This work was carried out in order to evaluate if there was a relationship between genotypes and the physiological soybean (Glycine max L.) seed quality. It was conducted during three years using seven cultivars each year. The seeds were harvested at: 1) yellow radicle or expanded pod stage, 2) yellow pod or physiological maturity (R7), 3) harvest maturity (R8), and 4) R8 + 21 days delay. Seed moisture content, standard germination, and vigor tests were performed. The germination and vigor evaluated by accelerated aging and electrical conductivity did not show physiological seed quality differences among genotypes as harvested at physiological maturity. Then, the evaluation of seed germination and vigor, when the environment is not a considered factor, is not an efficient method to show differences among soybean genotypes in terms of seed quality.

Tabelas de esperança de vida e fertilidade para Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em condições de laboratório e campo

In this study, the aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) was reared at different temperatures, under laboratory and field conditions, aiming to obtain age-specific life tables. In the laboratory, L. erysimi was fed on kale, Brassica oleracea L. var acephala, and kept in incubators adjusted to 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, 14h photophase and 70±10% RH. The longest mean generation time (T) was observed at 15°C (23.86 days) and the shortest at 30°C (7.18 days), while the smallest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred at 15°C (4.30) and largest one at 25°C (38.29). For the temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.06/1.06, 0.24/1.27, 0.28/1.33 and 0.23/1.25, respectively. The doubling time (DT) at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C were 11.55, 2.80, 2.47, and 3.01 days, respectively. Under field conditions, the net reproductive rate (R0) of L. erysimi was larger in the winter (53.50) than in the summer (40.99), the same being observed for the mean generation time (T), which was 13.85 days in the winter and 7.57 days in the summer. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.29/1.34 and 0.40/1.63 for winter and summer, respectively. The doubling time (DT) observed for winter (2.39 days) was larger than the one observed for summer (1.41 days). The temperature affects longevity of L. erysimi and the best parameters of life table of fertility under laboratory conditions are obtained at 25°C. The data obtained in field conditions reinforced this finding. The daily fecundity was higher and longevity was smaller in the summer than in the winter, thus increasing the innate capacity of increasing in number and duplicating the population in a shorter period of time.

Animais de laboratório: O camundongo

The animal experimentation in the scientific research has contributed excessively for the development of science and technology, promoting to long of the years the discovery of prophylactic measures and treatments for diseases that attack the humans. Animals of some species have been used in the last times, being the mouse the more intensely used and more deeply known scientifically. The objective of this work was to carry through a bibliographical survey including data of our research group, about the use of mice in the animal experimentation, approaching its general biology, reproduction physiology, creation systems, genetics, habitation, feeding, handling, pain and euthanasia, techniques of risk developed in the experimentation, blood collection, pharmacological and toxicological experiments. Although current trends praise the use of alternative methods (in vitro studies, cells cultures, etc.), the animal models, as the mouse, present as main advantage the supply of information on the organism as a whole, fact that is not obtained with other methods, what still it makes possible its utilization in scientific research.

Doenças respiratórios em aves atendidas no Laboratório de Ornitopatologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 a 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.

Ocorrência de parasitas gastrintestinais em cães e gatos na rotina do laboratório de enfermidades parasitárias da FMVZ/Unesp-Botucatu, SP.

With the object of determining the occurrence and prevalence of parasites in dogs and cats in the region of Botucatu, a survey was conducted from the results of fecal parasitologic exams feces, processed by the laboratory of parasitic diseases of FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu from January 2002 to December 2006. 1,012 fecal samples of dogs and cats were evaluated by the technique of Willis Mollay and Faust. In dogs the higher incidence was found for Ancylostoma caninum eggs (38%). In cats, the oocysts of Isospora spp were present in 48.38% of positive samples.

Fatores preditivos do sucesso da inseminação intrauterina: A morfologia espermática de acordo com o novo manual de laboratório da Organização Mundial de Saúde

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the likelihood of IUI success as a function of the previously described predictive factors, including sperm morphology according to the new reference values defined by WHO. Material and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 300 couples which underwent IUI. Regression analyses were used to correlate maternal age, number of preovulatory follicles on the day of hCG administration, number of inseminated motile sperm, and normal sperm morphology with clinical pregnancy. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% of confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women older than 35 years showed a lower pregnancy rate (6.5% vs 18.2%, p=0.017). Logistic regression models confirmed the lower chance of pregnancy occurrence for older women (OR: 0.39; CI: 0.16-0.96; p=0.040). The presence of two or more preovulatory follicles on the day of hCG administration resulted in higher pregnancy rate when compared to cases in which only one preovulatory follicle was present (18.6% vs 8.2%, p=0.011). The regression model showed a more than two fold increase on probability of pregnancy when two or more preovulatory follicles were detected (OR: 2.58; CI: 1.22-5.46, p=0.013). The number of inseminated motile sperm positively influenced pregnancy occurrence (OR: 1.47; CI: 0.88-3.14, p=0.027). Similar pregnancy rates were observed when semen samples were classified as having normal or abnormal morphology (10.6% vs 10.2%, p=0.936). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that sperm morphological normalcy, according to the new reference value, has no predictive value on IUI outcomes. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

Utilização de meios alternativos e diferentes tipos de recipientes no cultivo de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reinsch) Korshikov (Chlorophyceae) em laboratório

A laboratory culture of Ankistrodesmus gracilis algae was evaluated by studying the biology of the species and its chemical composition in a traditional medium (CHU 12) and in two alternative culture media, NPK (20-5-20) and macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) + NPK, in three different types of recipients (fiberglass, carboy and plastic bag). First peak in the growth curve of Ankistrodesmus gracilis occurred on the ninth day in macrophyte + NPK medium (74.16 x 10 5 cells mL -1) in a fiberglass recipient. However, highest density (p < 0.01) was reported in medium CHU 12 (122.87 x 10 5 cells mL -1) in a plastic bag on the twelfth day. Cell density was over 70 x 10 5 cells mL -1 starting on the twelfth day. Growth rate of A. gracilis was similar (p > 0.05) in culture media in the three recipients. Protein and fiber were similar (p > 0.05) in the treatments, but lipids were higher (p < 0.05) in NPK. Nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus and orthophosphate contents were over 1 mg L -1 in NPK (p < 0.01). Results show that alternative media, such as NPK and macrophyte + NPK, are possible for large-scale culture of A. gracilis cultured in three types of recipients. Costs are low, occupying less space when cultured in plastic bags and in the laboratory.

Avaliação da uniformidade de aplicação de água em gotejadores em função do teor de ferro

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variação de vazão em tubogotejadores NaanPC laranja e NaanPC azul em função de precipitados químicos, ao longo do tempo de funcionamento, quando submetidos a uma água rica em ferro, avaliando-se especificamente o coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD). O experimento foi desenvolvido em uma bancada de ensaios para tubogotejadores no Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos para Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, localizado no município de Botucatu – SP. O experimento foi montado em esquema fatorial 2x2x7, sendo duas doses de Fe, dois modelos de gotejadores e sete tempos de funcionamento, com três repetições, totalizando 84 parcelas experimentais. Efetuou-se a análise de variância pelo teste F. As médias das vazões dos gotejadores foram comparadas pelo teste de T de Student a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos não apontaram diferença significativa nas diferentes doses de ferro. Entretanto, os resultados apontaram diferença significativa na interação gotejador x tempo e coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC).

Composição de cores através da calibração radiométrica e fotométrica de LEDs: Teoria e experimento

In the present work, the basic concepts of radiometric, photometric and colorimetric calibration are presented, which were applied to three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used to compose the different color sensations that the human eye perceives in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this sense, an experimental setup comprising a LED drive circuit and a home-made integrating sphere was assembled for the initial radiometric and photometric calibration as well as to obtain a set of intensity and spectral combinations associated to different colorimetric CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) coordinates. The reader can, therefore, understand, in a simple manner, the process of color composition inside a color monitor or display picture element (pixel ). © Sociedade Brasileira de Física.