Escola - família - comunidade como factores promotores da resiliência educacional em jovens institucionalizados e ex-institucionalizados

A presente dissertação pretende inferir acerca dos fatores familiares, escolares e comunitários que poderão estar na origem do despertar ou despoletar da capacidade resiliente a nível educacional em jovens institucionalizados. Partindo da análise de seis testemunhos de jovens alunos que se encontram em situação de acolhimento e, de outros dois testemunhos de Jovens que já se encontraram na mesma situação de institucionalização. Pretende inferir-se acerca dos factores e/ou figuras que na visão e experiências vivenciadas por estes jovens nas distintas dimensões sociais em que se move, e que contribuíram para o despoletar de uma atitude resiliente face à instituição escolar. Esta dissertação apresenta-se como um estudo qualitativo no que concerne tanto às suas opções como ao seu processo metodológico.

Possibilidades de enfoque CTS para o ensino superior de química: proposta de uma abordagem para ácidos e bases

Scientific education has been passing by redefinitions, contestations and new contributions from the research on science teaching. One contribution is the idea of science and technology literacy, allowing the citizens not only knowing science but also understand aspects on the construction and motivation of scientific and technological research. In accordance with this idea, there is the Science-Technology-Society (STS) studies which, since the 1970s, has been contributing for science teaching and learning according to the comprehension of the relationships with society in the Western countries of the North. In Brazil, this approach began to gain projection from the 1990s when the first essays on the theme were published. Currently, there is a clear influence of this approach on the national curriculum guidelines, especially for the area of Natural Sciences, and also on the textbooks chosen by the High School National Program (Programa Nacional do Ensino Médio). However, there seems to be a gap in relation to the discussion on the specific curricular component seen in college on this approach. Thus, this study aims at adopting the approach STS, face to the preparation of complimentary educational material on acid and bases concepts studied in the course of General Chemistry of the Natural Sciences graduation program. To this end, it was performed a bibliographical research aiming at making the state-of-the-art in in these concepts in specific literature to science teaching. It is divided in two stages: systematic study (with sixteen journals chosen according to Qualis-Capes and an unsystematic study with direct search in databases and references in the papers of the systematic study. The studies had their content analyzed and the categories chosen a priori were the level of education, the acid-base theory adopted, and the strategy/theoretical frame of reference adopted. A second stage aimed at identifying attitudes and beliefs on STS (Science-Technology-Society) and CSE (Chemistry-Society-Environment) of students in the teacher and technologist training course in three diferent institutions: UTFPR, UFRN and IFRN. In this study, it was used two questionnaires, composed of a Likert scale, semantic differential scale and open questions. The quantitative data reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha method, and tha data were treated according to classic statistics, using the mean as the centrality measures, and the mean deviation as dispersion. The qualitative data were treated according to the content analysis with categories taken from the reading of answers. In the third stage, it was analyzed the presence of STS and CSE content in chapters on acid and bases concepts of nine General Chemistry textbooks, frequently used in graduation programs in public institutions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results showed that there are few proposals of acid and bases teaching, and they are generally aimed at High School or at instrumentation for teaching courses, and no course for General Chemistry. The student’s attitudes and beliefs show the presence of a positivist point of view based on the concept of Science and Technology neutrality and the salvation of its mediation. The books analysis showed just a few content on STS and CSE are found in the studied chapters, and they are generally presented disjointedly in relation to the rest of the main text. In the end, as suggestion to solve the absence of proposals STS in General Chemistry books, as well as the student’s positivist attitudes, it was developed some educational material to be used in the course of General Chemistry at College. The material is structured to introduce a historical view of the concepts preparation, present the use of materials, the industrial and technological processes, and social and environmental consequences of this activities

Percepções ambientais de comunidades rurais e indicadores de sustentabilidade como subsídios à conservação de áreas de caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte

Environmental degradation is a global problem that particularly affects areas subject to seasonal climatic variations, such as the brazilian semiarid region, namely the Caatinga Domain. Combined with other negative factors, such as natural resource misuse and disorderly land occupation, the consequences of Environmental Degradation have challenged science in the quest for addressing the resulting social and environmental problems. Accordingly, Environmental Perception methodology, by analyzing the concepts, attitudes and values, (especially those pertaining to environmental conservation) represent an important tool in studies that address the relationship between the environment and human actions. Sustainability Indicators are also relevant tools to assess the possible causes and consequences of environmental problems. Among several Sustainability Indicators available, the PressuresState-Impact-Response (PSIR) method is an analytical tool that permits the grouping of factors affecting sustainability as well as their consequences for nature and human health, and thus indicate mitigating actions for society and the public authorities. From this perspective, three areas of Caatinga were studied in Rio Grande do Norte state: Seridó Ecological Station (ESEC), Municipality of Serra Negra do Norte; Private Natural Reserve Stoessel de Brito (PNRSB), Municipality of Jucurutu; and part of the Serra de Santana, Municipality of Tenente Laurentino Cruz. The areas are both legally protected and unprotected and subject to diferent management protocols, though their share the common characteristic of human misuse of natural resources. In this scenario, this thesis´ main goal was to introduce the rural communities into the conservation process, using the results of Environmental Perception of such communities, combined with the analysis of the sustainability of municipalities through PSIR. Information on Environmental Perception was obtained from primary and secondary data from previous studies carried out in the ESEC Seridó and PRNP Stoessel de Brito. Additional data was obtained through direct observation and interview forms applied to rural communities in the Municipality of Tenente Laurentino Cruz. The results showed that respondents possessed a broad knowledge regarding environmental degradation, its causes and consequences for the caatinga biome. PEIR analysis showed that environmental degradation was smaller in countries with protected areas, as compared to those without. The population´s knowledge about environmental degradation and their acceptance of conservation units, as showed by Environmental Perception Analysis, coupled with the results of PEIR, suggest that those attitudes may foster actions aimed at reduction of environmental degradation in the Caatinga domain

Influência de eventos hidrológicos extremos na qualidade da água de reservatórios na região tropical semiárida

Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems, intermediate between rivers and lakes, with diferent morphological and hydrological characteristics that can provide many important benefits to society. However, the use of this water for human consumption, watering livestock, leisure, irrigated agricultural production and pisciculture development, directly influence the increase loading of nutrients to aquatic environments and contribute to acceleration of eutrophication. Furthermore, global climate models are predicting a higher occurrence of extreme events such as floods and severe droughts, which will create hydrological stresses in lakes. In the semiarid northeast we can see the occurrence of these events, the drought of the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 was the worst drought in 60 years, according to the National Water Agency (ANA). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of the semiarid tropical water sources, identifying temporal patterns in periods with extreme hydrological events (floods and severe droughts). The study results showed that Gargalheiras and Cruzeta reservoirs presented significative changes in the limnological variables between rain and severe drought periods, with better appearance and in the most of the water quality variables in the rainy season and higher nutrientes concentrations and high electrical conductivity values in severe season, indicating decay of its quality. However, we found diferent behaviors between the reservoirs in severe drought. While Gargalheiras showed a typical behavior of the region, with high concentrations of algal biomass, indicating the worsening eutrophication, Cruzeta demonstrated a colapse in the total phytoplankton biomass, evidenced by the decrease in chla concentrations. This fact occurred because the low depth and proximity with the sediment facilited the inorganic solids resuspension and, consequently, resulted in turbid water column and light by limitation. In addition, the different behaviors between the reservoirs indicate that the responses of these environments problems such as extreme events must take into account factors such the region climate, size, depth of the reservoir and the basin characteristics.

Uma plataforma adaptável para localização em ambientes internos

Location systems have become increasingly part of people's lives. For outdoor environments, GPS appears as standard technology, widely disseminated and used. However, people usually spend most of their daily time in indoor environments, such as: hospitals, universities, factories, buildings, etc. In these environments, GPS does not work properly causing an inaccurate positioning. Currently, to perform the location of people or objects in indoor environments no single technology could reproduce for indoors the same result achieved by GPS for outdoors environments. Due to this, it is necessary to consider use of information from multiple sources using diferent technologies. Thus, this work aims to build an Adaptable Platform for Indoor location. Based on this goal, the IndoLoR platform is proposed. This platform aims to allow information reception from diferent sources, data processing, data fusion, data storage and data retrieval for the indoor location context.

Uma plataforma adaptável para localização em ambientes internos

Location systems have become increasingly part of people's lives. For outdoor environments, GPS appears as standard technology, widely disseminated and used. However, people usually spend most of their daily time in indoor environments, such as: hospitals, universities, factories, buildings, etc. In these environments, GPS does not work properly causing an inaccurate positioning. Currently, to perform the location of people or objects in indoor environments no single technology could reproduce for indoors the same result achieved by GPS for outdoors environments. Due to this, it is necessary to consider use of information from multiple sources using diferent technologies. Thus, this work aims to build an Adaptable Platform for Indoor location. Based on this goal, the IndoLoR platform is proposed. This platform aims to allow information reception from diferent sources, data processing, data fusion, data storage and data retrieval for the indoor location context.

Um estudo sobre polinômios matriciais

This research work aims to make a study of the algebraic theory of matrix monic polynomials, as well as the definitions, concepts and properties with respect to block eigenvalues, block eigenvectors and solvents of P(X). We investigte the main relations between the matrix polynomial and the Companion and Vandermonde matrices. We study the construction of matrix polynomials with certain solvents and the extention of the Power Method, to calculate block eigenvalues and solvents of P(X). Through the relationship between the dominant block eigenvalue of the Companion matrix and the dominant solvent of P(X) it is possible to obtain the convergence of the algorithm for the dominant solvent of the matrix polynomial. We illustrate with numerical examples for diferent cases of convergence.

Sociophonetic history of Newfoundland English in Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador

In this paper, I report on the variety of English spoken in the relatively new community of Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador. The efects of dialect contact and the process of dialect levelling (Trudgill 1986; Britain 1997, Kerswill and Williams 2000; Kerswill 2002) are observed by examining the development of several vowels in the Happy Valley- Goose Bay vowel system. In this community the migrant generation showed evidence of mixing. The frst generation showed the most evidence of levelling along with the emergence of new distinctions. The second generation showed some evidence of levelling, the emergence of new distinctions, and in some cases a return to patterns present in the migrant generation. These results indicate that diferent vowels within a dialect can move through the stages of dialect contact at diferent rates due to the multitude of infuences on the process of dialect contact.

Establecimiento de una panadería en la comunidad de Santa Isabel, Somoto, Madriz, 2016-2020

El presente documento contiene información sobre el establecimiento de una panadería en la comunidad de Santa I sabel, del municipio de Somoto, dicha información fue recolectado durant e un voluntariado que organizo, RALEIGH Internacional , con el apoyo INPRU y en el que participaron dos jóvenes estudiantes de la carrera de Agro negocios de la UNA, Las estudiantes diseñaron un plan de negocios a través de la metodología CANVAS , est e se proyectó a cinco años y su objetivo es establec er una panadería para producir y comercializar pan en la comunidad por medio de las pulperías locales. El plan de negocio lo compone n; L a naturaleza del negoció, en el que se muestran elementos que identifican al negocio, y se determinan a través de la matriz FODA el ent orno en que se desarrolla la ejecución del plan, el plan de marketing, contiene el estudio de mercado, la demanda de pan se estima en 15,860 bolsas de pan simple; 20, 280 de pico; 13,520 de empanada 6,760 de polvorón. Para la recolección de datos se apl icó una encuesta a los dueño s de las pulperí as, a través de una muestra tipo razonada . la definición de los productos, sus precios, y las proyecciones de ventas, en el plan de producción, se especifican los aspectos y requerimientos para llevar a cabo la elaboración de diferent es variedades de pan , e n el plan organizacional están diseñados la estructura organizacional y los cargos y funciones del personal (trabajadores del negocio serán los jóvenes emprendedore s propietarios del mismo) y en el plan financiero se determina la invers ión inicial del negocio la que s e estima en C$ 44,520 córdobas, con una TIR del 4 3 % y un VAN de C$ 20,011.19 , demostrándose la rentabilidad del negocio, el documento finaliza con un plan ambiental en el que se expresan la acciones de mitigación que se ejecutaran para contribuir a mantener el ambiente.

Produção científica gaúcha em ciências da saúde: estudo cientométrico

Estudo cientométrico sobre a produção científica na área das ciências da saúde, de pesquisadores vinculados com instituições localizadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados os artigos publicados em periódicos indexados pela base de dados bibliográfica Medline entre os anos de 1987 e 2012. Os resultados mostraram que 23.442 autores vinculados com 34 instituições, publicaram 12.423 artigos em 1.912 diferentes periódicos. As análises temporais revelaram que houve um crescimento constante na produção científica que passou de 16 artigos no ano de 1987 para 12.423 em 2012. A média geométrica deste crescimento foi de 22,755% ao ano. Comparado com um estudo anterior que utilizou a mesma fonte de dados, verificou-se que a produção científica do Rio Grande do Sul apresentou uma média maior que a brasileira. Sete instituições lideram o ranking das mais produtivas concentrando 83,64% de todos os artigos publicados no período, sendo cinco universidades públicas e duas privadas. Na área das ciências da saúde, a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul foi a líder de produtividade, seguida da Universidade de Santa Maria e Federal de Pelotas. Verificou-se que os autores mais prolíferos foram aqueles vinculados com instituições públicas. A Unidade Integrada Vale do Taquari de Ensino Superior, ocupou o primeiro lugar no grau de colaboração. O periódico “Cadernos de Saúde Pública”, foi o mais utilizado pelos pesquisadores das instituições gaúchas.

Error correcting codes for visible light communication systems

Over the past few years, the number of wireless networks users has been increasing. Until now, Radio-Frequency (RF) used to be the dominant technology. However, the electromagnetic spectrum in these region is being saturated, demanding for alternative wireless technologies. Recently, with the growing market of LED lighting, the Visible Light Communications has been drawing attentions from the research community. First, it is an eficient device for illumination. Second, because of its easy modulation and high bandwidth. Finally, it can combine illumination and communication in the same device, in other words, it allows to implement highly eficient wireless communication systems. One of the most important aspects in a communication system is its reliability when working in noisy channels. In these scenarios, the received data can be afected by errors. In order to proper system working, it is usually employed a Channel Encoder in the system. Its function is to code the data to be transmitted in order to increase system performance. It commonly uses ECC, which appends redundant information to the original data. At the receiver side, the redundant information is used to recover the erroneous data. This dissertation presents the implementation steps of a Channel Encoder for VLC. It was consider several techniques such as Reed-Solomon and Convolutional codes, Block and Convolutional Interleaving, CRC and Puncturing. A detailed analysis of each technique characteristics was made in order to choose the most appropriate ones. Simulink models were created in order to simulate how diferent codes behave in diferent scenarios. Later, the models were implemented in a FPGA and simulations were performed. Hardware co-simulations were also implemented to faster simulation results. At the end, diferent techniques were combined to create a complete Channel Encoder capable of detect and correct random and burst errors, due to the usage of a RS(255,213) code with a Block Interleaver. Furthermore, after the decoding process, the proposed system can identify uncorrectable errors in the decoded data due to the CRC-32 algorithm.

Pontes entre estratégias de ensino e ritmos de aprendizagem

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Tafonomia e paleoicnologia do neogénico superior do sector Cacela-Huelva (SE da Ibéria)

Tese de doutoramento em Paleontologia. Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

Estudo do recuo das arribas a leste de Quarteira (Algarve-Portugal) por restituiçäo fotogramétrica

Dissertação de mest. em Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros Ramo Gestão Costeira, Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias dos Recursos Aquáticos, Univ. do Algarve, 1996

Improving CAS Capabilities: New Rules for Computing Improper Integrals

There are diferent applications in Engineering that require to compute improper integrals of the first kind (integrals defined on an unbounded domain) such as: the work required to move an object from the surface of the earth to in nity (Kynetic Energy), the electric potential created by a charged sphere, the probability density function or the cumulative distribution function in Probability Theory, the values of the Gamma Functions(wich useful to compute the Beta Function used to compute trigonometrical integrals), Laplace and Fourier Transforms (very useful, for example in Differential Equations).