Crioterapia: tecnologia não-invasiva de cuidado da enfermeira obstétrica para alívio da dor em parturientes

Pesquisa piloto de intervenção com dados prospectivos, grupo único de intervenção, cujo desfecho é a medida da dor de mulheres em trabalho de parto. Apresenta como objetivo discutir os efeitos da crioterapia no alívio da dor das parturientes. Como referencial teórico este trabalho apresentou o descrito por Soares e Low, onde se encontra que os mecanismos de ação do gelo para alívio da dor propiciam o decréscimo da transmissão das fibras de dor, a diminuição da excitabilidade nas terminações livres, a redução no metabolismo tecidual aumentando o limiar das fibras de dor e a liberação de endorfinas. Baseou-se ainda nos princípios da desmedicalização e do emprego de tecnologias não-invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica conforme descritos por Vargens e Progianti. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro Obstétrico do Hospital Municipal Maternidade Carmela Dutra, no Rio de Janeiro de abril a agosto de 2011. O gelo foi aplicado, utilizando-se para tal uma bolsa-cinta ajustável à região tóraco-lombar de 36 gestantes. A bolsa/cinta é descartável, de tecido TNT, com abertura na parte superior para introdução de gelo picado envolto em plástico. As aplicações se deram aos cinco centímetros de dilatação do colo uterino; e/ou aos sete centímetros de dilatação do colo uterino; e/ou aos nove centímetros de dilatação uterina, totalizando ao final das três aplicações um tempo de 60 minutos, que corresponde ao somatório de 20 minutos para cada uma. O gelo foi produzido em fôrma exclusiva para o projeto, em freezer da unidade. Os dados referentes à avaliação da dor foram coletados através de entrevista estruturada guiada por formulário previamente elaborado. Os resultados evidenciaram que a crioterapia produziu extinção ou alívio da dor quando aplicada na região tóraco-lombar das parturientes aos cinco, sete ou nove centímetros de dilatação do colo uterino, dando-lhes maiores condições de vivenciar o seu trabalho de parto; produziu um relaxamento geral e local (na região lombar) das parturientes; não interferiu na dinâmica uterina e, não causou dano ao binômio mãe-filho. Concluiu-se que a crioterapia, na forma como descrita no presente estudo, pode ser considerada uma tecnologia não-invasiva de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica para alivio da dor no trabalho de parto.

O justo processo coletivo laboral

Este trabalho se propõe a desvendar os contornos principiológicos e instrumentais daquilo que doravante iremos chamar Justo Processo Coletivo Laboral, ramo especialíssimo do processo dedicado à resolução de lides trabalhistas metaindividuais. O foco de nossas atenções é a tutela que é prestada em favor e não contra a coletividade. A falta de disposições específicas na CLT a respeito da tutela de direitos difusos, coletivos e individuais homogêneos próprios à realidade do trabalho torna imperiosa a inserção do Processo Trabalhista no circuito normativo de tutela coletiva, no chamado microssistema coletivo de tutela, composto, dentre outros diplomas, pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor e pela Lei da Ação Civil Pública. A acomodação do Processo do Trabalho no ambiente coletivista será feita à luz da constelação de princípios constitucionais do processo e sob influxo do paradigma processual instrumental. A partir da identificação das principais barreiras que repelem o trabalhador do Poder Judiciário, procura-se demonstrar de que modo podem as ações coletivas contribuir para sua superação e assim para alavancar e universalizar o acesso à justiça, meta síntese para a qual convergem todos os esforços da processualística contemporânea. Apresentadas suas nuanças principiológicas, parte-se para a análise de seus principais institutos e do modo como deverá ser operacionalizado no dia-a-dia, isto é, de como irá funcionar. A crise de efetividade do processo de bases individualistas, especialmente para o trabalhador hipossuficiente, acentua a importância do devido processo legal coletivo do trabalho, instrumentalmente vocacionado a tornar justo o embate Capital X Trabalho e a conduzir grupos de trabalhadores de uma só vez à justa ordem jurídico-social.

O período de Garrett na Bélgica (1834-1836) em Memorias Biographicas (de Gomes de Amorim, 1881-1884) e em A Lua de Bruxelas (de Amadeu Lopes Sabino, 2000)

O propósito desta dissertação é analisar o período no qual Almeida Garrett esteve em Bruxelas (1834-1836) como Encarregado de Negócios Estrangeiros e Cônsul Geral de Portugal. Para isso, serão tomadas como base as obras Garrett Memorias Biographicas (1881-1884) de Francisco Gomes de Amorim e A Lua de Bruxelas (2000) de Amadeu Lopes Sabino. Estas obras apresentam as dificuldades financeiras de Garrett, devido ao desprezo do governo português. A biografia é marcada pelo discurso moldado de Amorim, por causa da forte relação de amizade que teve com Garrett, sendo este seu pai literário. Já Sabino apresenta um romance centrado nessa temporada, misturando narrativa histórica, dados biográficos e ficção. Dessa forma, neste trabalho, os discursos serão comparados, explicitando o tom específico de cada um: ambos apresentam as relações do intelectual com o país e com a sociedade, em uma época de grandes mudanças; porém, Amorim guarda um certo verniz e silencia sobre alguns acontecimentos, principalmente relacionados ao casamento de Garrett. Sabino tem, nesse relacionamento com a esposa (Luísa Midosi), o teor do seu romance documentado, se pautando exatamente a partir do que Amorim deixa como enigma

The Federal Fisheries Service, 1871–1940: Its Origins, Organization, and Accomplishments

The U.S. Fish Commission was initiated in 1871 with Spencer Fullerton Baird as the first U.S. Fish Commissioner as an independent entity. In 1903 it became a part of the new U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor and was renamed the Bureau of Fisheries, a name it retained when the Departments of Commerce and Labor were separated in 1912. The Bureau remained in the Commerce Department until 1941 when it was merged with the Biological Survey and placed in the Department of Interior as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It was a scientific agency with well conceived programs of action, and it provided knowledge, advice, and example to state governments and individuals with fisheries interests and needs. Its efforts were supported by timely international agreements which constituted the precedent for Federal interest in fishery matters. The Fisheries Service earned stature as an advisor through heavy emphasis on basic biological research. The lack of such knowledge was marked and universal in the 1870’s, but toward the end of that decade, strong steps had been taken to address those needs under Baird’s leadership. USFC research activities were conducted cooperatively with other prominent scientists in the United States and abroad. Biological stations were established, and the world’s first and most productive deepsea research vessel, the Albatross, was constructed, and its 40-year career gave a strong stimulus to the science of oceanography. Together, the agency’s scientists and facilities made important additions to the sum of human knowledge, derived principles of conservation which were the vital bases for effective regulatory legislation, conducted extensive fish cultural work, collected and disseminated fisheries statistics, and began important research in methods of fish harvesting, preservation, transportation, and marketing.

Collaborative Pacific Halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, Bycatch Control by Canada and the United States

ABSTRACT—Bycatch mortality of Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, in nontarget fisheries is composed primarily of immature fish, and substantial reductions in yield to directed halibut fisheries result from this bycatch. Distant-water bottomtrawl fleets operating off the North American coast, beginning in the mid 1960’s, experienced bycatch mortality of over 12,000 t annually. Substantial progress on reducing this bycatch was not achieved until the of extension fisheries jurisdictions by the United States and Canada in 1977. Bycatch began to increase again during the expansion of domestic catching capacity for groundfish, and by the early 1990’s it had returned to levels seen during the period of foreign fishing. Collaborative action by Canada and the United States through the International Pacific Halibut Commission has resulted in substantial reductions in bycatch mortality in some areas. Methods of control have operated at global, fleet, and individual vessel levels. We evaluate the hierarchy of effectiveness for these control measures and identify regulatory needs for optimum effects. New monitoring technologies offer the promise of more cost-effective approaches to bycatch reduction.

Agassiz, Garman, Albatross, and the Collection of Deep-sea Fishes

The first of Alexander Agassiz’ voyages on the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross in 1891 yielded significant scientific results. This paper reviews the background of the voyage, including the career path that led Agassiz to the back deck of the Albatross. We also give a brief account of the life and work of Samuel Garman. Garman wrote up the ichthyological material from this Albatross voyage in a magnificent book on deep-sea fishes published in 1899. This book was exceptional in its coverage, anatomical detail, and recognition of phylogenetically important morphology.

中国地形起伏度的提取及在水土流失定量评价中的应用

基于全国 1:10 0万的栅格数字高程模型 ( DEM)数据 ,在 ARC/ INFO的 GRID模块支持下 ,利用窗口分析方法 ,经过采样统计 ,确定中国水土流失地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口大小为 5 km× 5 km;基于 5 km× 5 km的分析窗口 ,提取了中国水土流失地形起伏度 ,完成了中国水土流失地形起伏度制图 ;最后对中国水土流失地形起伏度进行了适用性分析 ,并将其初步应用于中国潜在水土流失评价

A dor no período pós-cirúrgico abdominal em doentes geriátricos

A dor é uma das principais causas do sofrimento humano, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, em especial o idoso que, devido aos problemas cognitivos e à elevada medicação os torna mais suscetíveis aos efeitos adversos dos medicamentos utilizados para o alívio da dor. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a dor na pós-cirurgia abdominal em doentes geriátricos; identificar a localização e a intensidade dolorosa utilizando a Escala Numérica; analisar a dor nas dimensões sensorial, afetiva e cognitiva, utilizando o Questionário para Dor de McGill; relacionar o processo álgico com a idade, sexo, religião e tipo de abordagem cirúrgica; saber se as intervenções autónomas de enfermagem contribuem para o alívio da dor pós-operatória. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo correlacional longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido entre 14 de fevereiro e 30 de março de 2012 num Hospital no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral. A amostra constou de 30 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias abdominais. Os dados que serviram de base a este estudo foram recolhidos através da aplicação da Escala Numérica e do Questionário de Dor de McGill. Os resultados mostraram que 60% eram homens, 50% dos doentes tinham 65 e 69 anos e todos (100%), eram católicos romanos. Na primeira avaliação, 60% apresentaram dor pós-operatória moderada, 30% severa e 10% leve. Os descritores escolhidos com maior frequência foram: fisgada (90%); fina, agulhada e pontada (70%); beliscão (60%); sensível (50%); cansativa (60%) e que incomoda (50%). Nas três avaliações seguintes houve diminuição da dor severa e moderada que, aos 180 minutos era de 0% e 3% respetivamente, aumentando a percentagem de pacientes com dor leve (7%). Não encontramos relação significativa entre a variável dor pós-operatória e o sexo mas, pelo contrário, a intensidade da dor pós-operatória e a idade. O índice de dor total e sensitiva é influenciado pelo sexo. A localização da dor é influenciada pelo tipo de cirurgia, pela idade e pelo sexo. A dor pós-operatória era, principalmente, de intensidade moderada. Mesmo nos doentes a quem não foi administrado fármaco (50%), a dor foi aliviada ao longo das quatro avaliações. Desta forma, podemos inferir que as que as intervenções autónomas de enfermagem contribuem para o alívio da dor. A informação/atualização permanente dos profissionais de saúde é indispensável para que seja possível evitar ou minimizar a ocorrência de dor.

Les derniers écueils vers la parité politique en Belgique: Une analyse des élections régionales de 2004

In Belgium, gender-parity has been compulsory for all party lists (in local, regional, federal and European elections) for several years. As a result, the proportion of women has risen from a fourth up to a third of the deputies. Yet, strict parity is still far from realised. This article seeks to establish what causes this glass ceiling, namely the parties' reluctance to place female candidates in the top positions or even as the front-runner. In a proportional representation system with half-open lists, and especially when the constituencies are small, this automatically leads to a smaller proportion of women among the elected deputies. One important reason for the parties' reluctance to rank female candidates higher is their assumption that women are less effective as "election locomotives" than men. However, the analysis of the Belgian election results makes clear that this is not the case. Female candidates in top positions are as successful as their male counterparts. © (2008) Swiss Political Science Review.

Heparin-binding-hemagglutinin-induced IFN-gamma release as a diagnostic tool for latent tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a major component of tuberculosis (TB) control strategies. In addition to the tuberculosis skin test (TST), novel blood tests, based on in vitro release of IFN-gamma in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (IGRAs), are used for TB diagnosis. However, neither IGRAs nor the TST can separate acute TB from LTBI, and there is concern that responses in IGRAs may decline with time after infection. We have therefore evaluated the potential of the novel antigen heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) for in vitro detection of LTBI. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: HBHA was compared to purified protein derivative (PPD) and ESAT-6 in IGRAs on lymphocytes drawn from 205 individuals living in Belgium, a country with low TB prevalence, where BCG vaccination is not routinely used. Among these subjects, 89 had active TB, 65 had LTBI, based on well-standardized TST reactions and 51 were negative controls. HBHA was significantly more sensitive than ESAT-6 and more specific than PPD for the detection of LTBI. PPD-based tests yielded 90.00% sensitivity and 70.00% specificity for the detection of LTBI, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for the ESAT-6-based tests were 40.74% and 90.91%, and those for the HBHA-based tests were 92.06% and 93.88%, respectively. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) test applied on 20 LTBI subjects yielded 50% sensitivity. The HBHA IGRA was not influenced by prior BCG vaccination, and, in contrast to the QFT-IT test, remote (>2 years) infections were detected as well as recent (<2 years) infections by the HBHA-specific test. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ESAT-6- and CFP-10-based IGRAs may underestimate the incidence of LTBI, whereas the use of HBHA may combine the operational advantages of IGRAs with high sensitivity and specificity for latent infection.

Back to the bad old days?

Reviews the Court of Appeal decision in James v Thomas that a cohabitee had not acquired an equitable interest in a property registered in her former partner's sole name through a constructive trust, based on express or inferred common intention, or by proprietary estoppel. Highlights the inconsistent approach of the courts to cohabitee disputes. Outlines the Law Commission's proposals in its 2007 report, Cohabitation: The Financial Consequences of Relationship Breakdown, notes the factors to be taken into account by the courts, and speculates on the case's outcome if the proposals were applied. [From Legal Journals Index]

Dynamic analysis of employment trajectories through the concept of fl exicurity

The paper presents a dynamic study of the Spanish labour market which tries to determine if it matches the characteristics of transitional labour markets from a fl exicurity approach. Employment trajectories of Spanish workers during the years 2007-2010 are studied using the Continuous Sample of Working Lives. This period covers the end of the expansion of the Spanish economy and the beginning of the current employment crisis. From the combination of the chosen topic, the approach, and the database used, this is a novel perspective in our country. The article shows evidence of the evolution of the employment and unemployment spells, the Spanish labour market turnover degree, and the diffi culties of some groups for carrying out transition between employment and unemployment. The results obtained show a labour market in which a) transitions have come to a halt, and b) there is high job insecurity.

Patterns of Policing and Policing Patten

In September 1999 the Independent Commission on Policing in Northern Ireland, chaired by Chris Patten, published its recommendations. This article examines the political context of policing reform, the contents of the report and the rejection of its core ideas in the Police (Northern Ireland) Bill published in May 2000. The central argument of the paper is that the Commission's radical model of policing - a network of regulating mechanisms in which policing becomes everyone's business - failed, because it gave insufficient attention, like much modern writing on policing, to the role of the state and the vested interests within policing.

Courts and Consociations: Human Rights versus Power-sharing

Consociations are power-sharing arrangements, increasingly used to manage ethno-nationalist, ethno-linguistic, and ethno-religious conflicts. Current examples include Belgium, Bosnia, Northern Ireland, Burundi, and Iraq. Despite their growing popularity, they have begun to be challenged before human rights courts as being incompatible with human rights norms, particularly equality and non-discrimination.

Courts and Consociations examines the use of power-sharing agreements, their legitimacy, and their compatibility with human rights law. Key questions include to what extent, if any, consociations conflict with the liberal individualist preferences of international human rights institutions, and to what extent consociational power-sharing may be justified to preserve peace and the integrity of political settlements.

In three critical cases, the European Court of Human Rights has considered equality challenges to important consociational practices, twice in Belgium and then in Sejdic and Finci v Bosnia regarding the constitution established for Bosnia Herzegovina under the Dayton Agreement. The Court's decision in Sejdic and Finci has significantly altered the approach it previously took to judicial review of consociational arrangements in Belgium. This book accounts for this change and assess its implications. The problematic aspects of the current state of law are demonstrated. Future negotiators in places riven by potential or actual bloody ethnic conflicts may now have less flexibility in reaching a workable settlement, which may unintentionally contribute to sustaining such conflicts and make it more likely that negotiators will consider excluding regional and international courts from reviewing these political settlements.