Reflexive learning in pre-service training of primary school teachers: from experience to assimilation of contents

This article presents an educational experiment carried out in the Primary School Teaching Degree at the University of Barcelona. Specifically, the article analyses the application of the “Work Corners” approach in a core subject. In a three-year action research process, trainers put into practice an innovation which enabled them to boost cooperative work and reflexive learning among trainees. Firstly, the theoretical model underpinning the project and guiding many of the actions carried out by the training team is presented. After providing detailed information on the practical development of the experiment, the data-gathering process and its results are shown. Various information-gathering strategies were used in assessing the project, such as a questionnaire, participant observation, and teachers’ diaries. The results demonstrate, amongst other things, that “work corners” offer viable and appropriate educational conditions for the articulation of theoretical and practical knowledge, for building professional knowledge, and therefore, the beginnings of a reflexive teaching practice.

Los primeros pasos en el escorzo de la figura humana. "Un análisis desde la geometría"

A través de un recorrido histórico centrado en el Renacimiento, se exponen las aportaciones más significativas de teóricos y artistas en la evolución del escorzo de la figura humana desde un punto de vista geométrico. Los artistas que con sus dibujos y escritos ayudaban a otros en el aprendizaje de la representación, se apresuraron a incluir el estudio del escorzo en sus tratados, buscando métodos que facilitaran su dibujo sobre cualquier soporte y en cualquier posición en el espacio. En este artículo se analizan y enlazan los trazados propuestos por los estudiosos de la geometría, con las obras de arte que reflejan importantes avances en este sentido. Soportes como el lienzo, el muro o la bóveda, presentan al pintor superficies diferentes de trabajo y en distintas posiciones en el espacio. La figura humana, protagonista en la escena, tendrá que adaptarse a ellos para ser contemplada desde unos espacios arquitectónicos cada vez más amplios y con más posibilidades. Fue necesario dominar la perspectiva en la pintura, y muy particularmente en la mural, para ofrecer composiciones cada día más ambiciosas y sorprendentes.

Hiring Incentives and Labour Force Participation in Italy

A long-standing economic tradition maintains that labour supply reacts to market tightness; its sensitivity to job quality has received less attention. If firms hire workers with both temporary and open-ended contracts, does participation increase when more permanent jobs are available? We investigate this relationship within a policy evaluation framework; in particular, we examine how labour supply reacted in Italy to a recent subsidy in favour of open-ended contracts. This subsidy increased labour force participation by 1.4% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002. This increase was concentrated on males aged 35-54, with a low or at most a secondary schooling level.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS-SYSTEM IN PLATHELMINTHES - THE NEUROPEPTIDE F-IMMUNOREACTIVE PATTERN IN CATENULIDA, MACROSTOMIDA, PROSERIATA

The organization of the nervous system of Archilopsis unipunctata Promonotus schultzei and Paramonotus hamatus (Monocelididae, Proseriata) and Stenostomum leucops (Catenulida) and Microstomum lineare (Macrostomida) was studied by immunocytochemistry, using antibodies to the authentic flatworm neuropeptide F (NPF) (Moniezia expansa). The organization of the nervous system of the Monocelididae was compared to that of the nervous system of Bothriomolus balticus (Otoplanidae), a previously studied species of another family of the Proseriata. The results show that the main nerve cords (MCs), independent of lateral or ventral position in the Monocelididae and the Otoplanidae, correspond to each other. The study also confirms the status of the lateral cords as main cords (MCs) in S. leucops and M. lineare. Common for MCs in the members of the investigated taxa are the following features: MCs consist of many fibres, originate from the brain and are adjoined to 5-HT-positive neurons. In Monocelididae and Otoplanidae, the MCs additionally have the same type of contact to the pharyngeal nervous system. Also common for both proseriate families is the organization of the two lateral nerve cords, with weaker connections to the brain, and the pair of dorsal cords running above the brain. The organization of the minor cords differs. The Monocelididae have a pair of thin ventral cords forming a mirror image of the dorsal pair. Furthermore, an unpaired ventral medial cord connecting medial commissural cells was observed in P. schultzei. Marginal nerve cords, observed in Otoplanidae, are absent in Monocelididae. All minor nerve cords are closely connected to the peripheral nerve plexus. The postulated trends of condensation of plexal fibres to cords and/or the flexibility of the peripheral nerve plexus are discussed. In addition, the immunoreactivity (IR) pattern of NPF was compared to the IR patterns of the neuropeptide RFamide and the indoleamine, 5-HT (serotonin). Significant differences between the distribution of IR to NPF and to 5-HT occur. 5-HT-IR dominates in the submuscular and subepidermal plexuses. In the stomatogastric plexus of M. lineare, only peptidergic IR is observed in the intestinal nerve net. The distribution of NPF-IR in fibres and cells of the intestinal wall in M. lineare indicates a regulatory function for this peptide in the gut, while a relationship with ciliary and muscular locomotion is suggested for the 5-HT-IR occurring in the subepidermal and submuscular nerve plexuses. In M. lineare, the study revealed an NPF- and RFamide-positive cell pair, marking the finished development of new zooids. This finding indicates that constancy of these cells is maintained in this asexually reproducing and regenerating species.

The effectiveness of early lens extraction with intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (EAGLE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Although primary open-angle glaucoma is more common, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is more likely to result in irreversible blindness. By 2020, 5·3 million people worldwide will be blind because of PACG. The current standard care for PACG is a stepped approach of a combination of laser iridotomy surgery (to open the drainage angle) and medical treatment (to reduce intraocular pressure). If these treatments fail, glaucoma surgery (eg, trabeculectomy) is indicated. It has been proposed that, because the lens of the eye plays a major role in the mechanisms leading to PACG, early clear lens extraction will improve glaucoma control by opening the drainage angle. This procedure might reduce the need for drugs and glaucoma surgery, maintain good visual acuity, and improve quality of life compared with standard care.EAGLE aims to evaluate whether early lens extraction improves patient-reported, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness, compared with standard care.

METHODS/DESIGN: EAGLE is a multicentre pragmatic randomized trial. All people presenting to the recruitment centres in the UK and east Asia with newly diagnosed PACG and who are at least 50 years old are eligible.The primary outcomes are EQ-5D, intraocular pressure, and incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Other outcomes are: vision and glaucoma-specific patient-reported outcomes, visual acuity, visual field, angle closure, number of medications, additional surgery (e.g., trabeculectomy), costs to the health services and patients, and adverse events.A single main analysis will be done at the end of the trial, after three years of follow-up. The analysis will be based on all participants as randomized (intention to treat). 400 participants (200 in each group) will be recruited, to have 90% power at 5% significance level to detect a difference in EQ-5D score between the two groups of 0·05, and a mean difference in intraocular pressure of 1·75 mm Hg. The study will have 80% power to detect a difference of 15% in the glaucoma surgery rate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN44464607.

Ecology of testate amoebae in an Amazonian peatland and development of a transfer function for palaeohydrological reconstruction

Tropical peatlands represent globally important carbon sinks with a unique biodiversity and are currently threatened by climate change and human activities. It is now imperative that proxy methods are developed to understand the ecohydrological dynamics of these systems and for testing peatland development models. Testate amoebae have been used as environmental indicators in ecological and palaeoecological studies of peatlands, primarily in ombrotrophic Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the mid- and high-latitudes. We present the first ecological analysis of testate amoebae in a tropical peatland, a nutrient-poor domed bog in western (Peruvian) Amazonia. Litter samples were collected from different hydrological microforms (hummock to pool) along a transect from the edge to the interior of the peatland. We recorded 47 taxa from 21 genera. The most common taxa are Cryptodifflugia oviformis, Euglypha rotunda type, Phryganella acropodia, Pseudodifflugia fulva type and Trinema lineare. One species found only in the southern hemisphere, Argynnia spicata, is present. Arcella spp., Centropyxis aculeata and Lesqueresia spiralis are indicators of pools containing standing water. Canonical correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling illustrate that water table depth is a significant control on the distribution of testate amoebae, similar to the results from mid- and high-latitude peatlands. A transfer function model for water table based on weighted averaging partial least-squares (WAPLS) regression is presented and performs well under cross-validation (r 2apparent=0.76,RMSE=4.29;r2jack=0.68,RMSEP=5.18. The transfer function was applied to a 1-m peat core, and sample-specific reconstruction errors were generated using bootstrapping. The reconstruction generally suggests near-surface water tables over the last 3,000 years, with a shift to drier conditions at c. cal. 1218-1273 AD

A fluorescence model of the C3 radical in comets

Theoretical resonance fluorescence calculations are presented of the triatomic C3 radical and are compared with observations of the C3 emission in comets Hale-Bopp and de Vico. A theoretical model of the C3 vibration-rotational structure in the A1Piu - X1Sigmag + electronic system is introduced. The model takes into account the detailed structure of the bending mode nu2 which is responsible for the emission of the 4050 Å group. A total of 1959 levels are considered, with 515 levels in the ground state. The main effort is to model high-resolution spectra of the 4050 Å emission in comets C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp and 122P/1995 S1 de Vico. The agreement between observed and theoretical spectra is good for a value of the dipole moment derivative of dmu/dr ~ 2.5 Debye Å-1. The modeled C3 emission exhibits a pronounced Swings effect. Based on observations made with William Herschel Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations made at the McDonald Observatory, which is operated by the University of Texas at Austin, USA.

Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON): Observations of the Dust Grains from SOFIA and of the Atomic Gas from NSO Dunn and McMath-Pierce Solar Telescopes (Invited)

Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) is unique in that it is a dynamically new comet derived from the Oort cloud reservoir of comets with a sun-grazing orbit. Infrared (IR) and visible wavelength observing campaigns were planned on NASA's Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and on National Solar Observatory Dunn (DST) and McMath-Pierce Solar Telescopes, respectively. We highlight our early results. SOFIA (+FORCAST [1]) mid- to far-IR images and spectroscopy (~5-35 μm) of the dust in the coma of ISON are to be obtained by the ISON-SOFIA Team during a flight window 2013 Oct 21-23 UT (r_h≈1.18 AU). Dust characteristics, identified through the 10 μm silicate emission feature and its strength [2], as well as spectral features from cometary crystalline silicates (Forsterite) at 11.05-11.2 μm, and near 16, 19, 23.5, 27.5, and 33 μm are compared with other Oort cloud comets that span the range of small and/or highly porous grains (e.g., C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) [3,4,5] and C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) [6]) to large and/or compact grains (e.g., C/2007 N4 (Lulin) [7] and C/2006 P1 (McNaught) [8]). Measurement of the crystalline peaks in contrast to the broad 10 and 20 μm amorphous silicate features yields the cometary silicate crystalline mass fraction [9], which is a benchmark for radial transport in our protoplanetary disk [10]. The central wavelength positions, relative intensities, and feature asymmetries for the crystalline peaks may constrain the shapes of the crystals [11]. Only SOFIA can look for cometary organics in the 5-8 μm region. Spatially resolved measurements of atoms and simple molecules from when comet ISON is near the Sun (r_h<0.4 AU, near Nov-20--Dec-03 UT) were proposed for by the ISON-DST Team. Comet ISON is the first comet since comet Ikeya-Seki (1965f) [12,13] suitable for studying the alkalai metals Na and K and the atoms specifically attributed to dust grains including Mg, Si, Fe, as well as Ca. DST's Horizontal Grating Spectrometer (HGS) measures 4 settings: Na I, K, C2 to sample cometary organics (along with Mg I), and [O I] as a proxy for activity from water [14] (along with Si I and Fe I). State-of-the-art instruments that will also be employed include IBIS [15], which is a Fabry-Perot spectral imaging system that concurrently measures lines of Na, K, Ca II, or Fe, and ROSA (CSUN/QUB) [16], which is a rapid imager that simultaneously monitors Ca II or CN. From McMath-Pierce, the Solar-Stellar Spectrograph also will target ISON (320-900 nm, R~21,000, r_h

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the survival of feldspathic porcelain veneers over 5 and 10 years

PURPOSE: This systematic review reports on the survival of feldspathic porcelain veneers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, Web of Knowledge, selected journals, clinical trials registers, and conference proceedings were searched independently by two reviewers. Academic colleagues were also contacted to identify relevant research. Inclusion criteria were human cohort studies (prospective and retrospective) and controlled trials assessing outcomes of feldspathic porcelain veneers in more than 15 patients and with at least some of the veneers in situ for 5 years. Of 4,294 articles identified, 116 studies underwent full-text screenings and 69 were further reviewed for eligibility. Of these, 11 were included in the qualitative analysis and 6 (5 cohorts) were included in meta-analyses. Estimated cumulative survival and standard error for each study were assessed and used for meta-, sensitivity, and post hoc analyses. The I2 statistic and the Cochran Q test and its associated P value were used to evaluate statistical heterogeneity, with a random-effects meta-analysis used when the P value for heterogeneity was less than .1. Galbraith, forest, and funnel plots explored heterogeneity, publication patterns, and small study biases.

RESULTS: The estimated cumulative survival for feldspathic porcelain veneers was 95.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.9% to 98.4%) at 5 years and ranged from 64% to 95% at 10 years across three studies. A post hoc meta-analysis indicated that the 10-year best estimate may approach 95.6% (95% CI: 93.8% to 97.5%). High levels of statistical heterogeneity were found.

CONCLUSIONS: When bonded to enamel substrate, feldspathic porcelain veneers have a very high 10-year survival rate that may approach 95%. Clinical heterogeneity is associated with differences in reported survival rates. Use of clinically relevant survival definitions and careful reporting of tooth characteristics, censorship, clustering, and precise results in future research would improve metaanalytic estimates and aid treatment decisions.

Establishing the validity of English GP Patient Survey items evaluating out-of-hours care

Background A 2014 national audit used the English General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) to compare service users’ experience of out-of-hours general practitioner (GP) services, yet there is no published evidence on the validity of these GPPS items. Objectives Establish the construct and concurrent validity of GPPS items evaluating service users’ experience of GP out-of-hours care. Methods Cross-sectional postal survey of service users (n=1396) of six English out-of-hours providers. Participants reported on four GPPS items evaluating out-of-hours care (three items modified following cognitive interviews with service users), and 14 evaluative items from the Out-of-hours Patient Questionnaire (OPQ). Construct validity was assessed through correlations between any reliable (Cochran's α>0.7) scales, as suggested by a principal component analysis of the modified GPPS items, with the ‘entry access’ (four items) and ‘consultation satisfaction’ (10 items) OPQ subscales. Concurrent validity was determined by investigating whether each modified GPPS item was associated with thematically related items from the OPQ using linear regressions. Results The modified GPPS item-set formed a single scale (α=0.77), which summarised the two-component structure of the OPQ moderately well; explaining 39.7% of variation in the ‘entry access’ scores (r=0.63) and 44.0% of variation in the ‘consultation satisfaction’ scores (r=0.66), demonstrating acceptable construct validity. Concurrent validity was verified as each modified GPPS item was highly associated with a distinct set of related items from the OPQ. Conclusions Minor modifications are required for the English GPPS items evaluating out-of-hours care to improve comprehension by service users. A modified question set was demonstrated to comprise a valid measure of service users’ overall satisfaction with out-of-hours care received. This demonstrates the potential for the use of as few as four items in benchmarking providers and assisting services in identifying, implementing and assessing quality improvement initiatives.

Colaboração em didática: utopia, desencanto e possibilidade

O presente estudo ocupa-se de uma problemática em Didática – as relações entre a investigação científica e o desenvolvimento do campo – e assenta no pressuposto de que essas relações se constroem conjugando o pensamento e a atuação de investigadores, académicos, professores, e formadores de professores, numa ação conjunta conduzida com a participação comprometida das suas instituições profissionais e orientada para o desenvolvimento de todos os intervenientes, da sua área de atividade e, assim, do ensino/aprendizagem e dos alunos. Nesse sentido, o estudo foi concebido no intuito de criar condições propícias ao estreitamento das relações em foco, tendo em vista, simultaneamente, o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre a problemática. Assumiu, pois, uma finalidade de intervenção no terreno e uma finalidade científica de avaliação da experiência proporcionada por essa intervenção, na expectativa do alargamento da compreensão do objeto de estudo. Na confluência dessas finalidades, a investigação desenvolveu-se como um estudo de caso norteado por duas proposições teóricas: - A colaboração entre académicos e professores, no âmbito de projetos de investigação em Didática, e o comprometimento das instituições profissionais de ambos com essas iniciativas colaborativas poderão favorecer o desenvolvimento do campo, dos atores que nele intervêm e das instituições implicadas. - A formação contínua de professores centrada na investigação em Didática poderá constituir espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento dessas dinâmicas de colaboração. No alinhamento destas proposições com a finalidade interventiva do estudo, diferentes atores em Didática foram desafiados a envolver-se numa iniciativa de investigação/formação colaborativa e daí resultou o caso analisado nesta investigação, o projeto ICA/DL (Investiga, Colabora e Atua em Didática de Línguas). Tal projeto, realizado no âmbito de uma parceria formalizada num Protocolo de Colaboração, envolveu uma equipa composta por cinco docentes do Departamento de Didática e Tecnologia Educativa (atual Departamento de Educação) da Universidade de Aveiro e por 4 professores da Escola Secundária Dr. João Carlos Celestino Gomes – Ílhavo e implicou ainda, institucionalmente, a universidade, a escola e o Centro de Formação das Escolas do Concelho de Ílhavo (atualmente, Centro de Formação de Associação de Escolas dos Concelhos de Ílhavo, Vagos e Oliveira do Bairro). As atividades do projeto iniciaram-se no final de 2003, com os primeiros encontros de negociação da parceria, e prolongaram-se até meados de 2007, altura em que a equipa reuniu pela última vez. O programa operacional central desenvolveu-se entre janeiro de 2004 e novembro de 2005 e concretizou-se num percurso de investigação e de formação em colaboração entre académicos e professores, concebido e implementado pela equipa e acreditado pelo Conselho Científico-Pedagógico da Formação Contínua. Tal programa centrou-se no estudo de um tópico em Didática de Línguas (a competência de aprendizagem plurilingue), na realização de intervenções de ensino/aprendizagem, no âmbito do mesmo tópico, junto dos alunos na escola e na avaliação da experiência com base em dados empíricos. A investigação que sobre o caso se conduziu, ao orientar-se, na prossecução da segunda finalidade estabelecida, para a compreensão da influência das dinâmicas colaborativas de investigação/formação sobre o desenvolvimento dos intervenientes (equipa, parceiros institucionais e alunos na escola), é também um estudo de impacte. A condução do processo empírico deu prioridade à produção de uma leitura integrada e complexa, capaz de evidenciar os impactes do projeto, interpretando-os com base na análise dos processos que terão condicionado a sua ocorrência. Nessa medida, a metodologia revestiu-se, intencionalmente, de uma natureza eminentemente interpretativa e qualitativa, socorrendo-se da triangulação de fontes, dados e procedimentos de análise. Contudo, o método integrou também procedimentos quantitativos, em particular, um exercício estatístico que, correlacionando totais de evidências verificadas e totais de evidências possíveis, procurou tornar mais precisa a avaliação da dimensão do impacte alcançado pelo projeto. Ensaiou-se, assim, uma abordagem metodológica em estudos de impacte em Educação, que propõe potenciar a compreensão de casos complexos, conjugando interpretação e objetivação/quantificação. A análise desvendou constrangimentos e obstáculos na vivência dos princípios conceptuais fundadores da noção de investigação/formação colaborativa que sustentou as proposições de partida e que fez emergir o ICA/DL. Tais dificuldades limitaram a assunção de responsabilidades partilhadas na condução processual da experiência, condicionaram dinâmicas supervisivas nem sempre colaborativas e facilitadoras e manifestaram-se em atitudes de compromisso por vezes frágil com o projeto. E terão afetado a concretização das expectativas iniciais de desenvolvimento de todos os participantes, determinando impactes de dimensão globalmente algo dececionante, assimetrias substantivas de influência da experiência levada a cabo no desenvolvimento profissional dos elementos da equipa e no desenvolvimento institucional e repercutindo-se em efeitos pouco expressivos no desenvolvimento dos alunos, no que toca a capacidades ativas de comunicação e de aprendizagem, enquadradas pelo tópico didático trabalhado no âmbito do projeto. Mas revelaram-se também sinais claros de que se avançou no sentido da concretização dos pressupostos colaborativos que sustentaram a iniciativa. Foi possível reunir académicos, professores e instituições educativas em torno da ideia de investigação/formação em colaboração e mobilizá-los como parceiros que se comprometeram na construção de um projeto assente nessa ideia. E percebeu-se que, apesar de pouco expressivo, houve impacte, pois há indicadores de que o projeto contribuiu positivamente para o desenvolvimento dos intervenientes. Na equipa, sinalizaram-se efeitos sobretudo nas práticas de ensino/aprendizagem das professoras e, no caso particular de uma delas, que teve uma participação mais envolvida em atividades de investigação, manifestaram-se impactes substancialmente mais notórios do que nos restantes elementos do grupo e que abrangeram diferentes dimensões da profissionalidade. As académicas, embora menos do que as professoras, também evidenciaram desenvolvimento, dominantemente, nos planos da investigação em Didática de Línguas e da formação de professores. E o ICA/DL parece ter proporcionado também impactes positivos junto das instituições implicadas, especialmente junto da universidade, designadamente, no que toca ao aprofundamento do pensamento sobre a problemática que sustentou a experiência e ao desenvolvimento de projetos de investigação. Por seu turno, os alunos, tendo revelado sinais modestos de reforço das suas capacidades de ação como interlocutores em situações de comunicação plurilingue e como aprendentes de línguas, deram mostras claras de terem tomado consciência de atitudes e de recursos que favorecem o desenvolvimento desses dois papéis. Para além disso, os responsáveis pela parceria, apesar dos obstáculos que limitaram o alcance dos seus propósitos, reafirmaram, na conclusão do projeto, a sua confiança nos princípios colaborativos que os uniram, antecipando a continuidade de uma experiência que entenderam como primeiro passo na concretização desses princípios. No balanço das fragilidades vividas e dos ganhos conquistados pelo ICA/DL, o estudo permite renovar a convicção inicial no poder transformador das práticas de investigação/formação colaborativa em Didática, e assim, na emergência de uma comunidade una de professores e de académicos, movida por um projeto comum de desenvolvimento da Educação. Nessa perspetiva, avançam-se sugestões que abrangem a investigação, o processo de ensino/aprendizagem nas escolas, a formação de professores, as políticas em Didática e a Supervisão.

Development of open models and tools for seismic risk assessment: application to Portugal

The exponential growth of the world population has led to an increase of settlements often located in areas prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes. Consequently, despite the important advances in the field of natural catastrophes modelling and risk mitigation actions, the overall human losses have continued to increase and unprecedented economic losses have been registered. In the research work presented herein, various areas of earthquake engineering and seismology are thoroughly investigated, and a case study application for mainland Portugal is performed. Seismic risk assessment is a critical link in the reduction of casualties and damages due to earthquakes. Recognition of this relation has led to a rapid rise in demand for accurate, reliable and flexible numerical tools and software. In the present work, an open-source platform for seismic hazard and risk assessment is developed. This software is capable of computing the distribution of losses or damage for an earthquake scenario (deterministic event-based) or earthquake losses due to all the possible seismic events that might occur within a region for a given interval of time (probabilistic event-based). This effort has been developed following an open and transparent philosophy and therefore, it is available to any individual or institution. The estimation of the seismic risk depends mainly on three components: seismic hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The latter component assumes special importance, as by intervening with appropriate retrofitting solutions, it may be possible to decrease directly the seismic risk. The employment of analytical methodologies is fundamental in the assessment of structural vulnerability, particularly in regions where post-earthquake building damage might not be available. Several common methodologies are investigated, and conclusions are yielded regarding the method that can provide an optimal balance between accuracy and computational effort. In addition, a simplified approach based on the displacement-based earthquake loss assessment (DBELA) is proposed, which allows for the rapid estimation of fragility curves, considering a wide spectrum of uncertainties. A novel vulnerability model for the reinforced concrete building stock in Portugal is proposed in this work, using statistical information collected from hundreds of real buildings. An analytical approach based on nonlinear time history analysis is adopted and the impact of a set of key parameters investigated, including the damage state criteria and the chosen intensity measure type. A comprehensive review of previous studies that contributed to the understanding of the seismic hazard and risk for Portugal is presented. An existing seismic source model was employed with recently proposed attenuation models to calculate probabilistic seismic hazard throughout the territory. The latter results are combined with information from the 2011 Building Census and the aforementioned vulnerability model to estimate economic loss maps for a return period of 475 years. These losses are disaggregated across the different building typologies and conclusions are yielded regarding the type of construction more vulnerable to seismic activity.

"Picture yourself in my place": Fitzgerald em Hollywood

Esta dissertação estuda a intertextualidade entre as obras literárias de F. Scott Fitzgerald e a escrita para cinema nos anos formativos de Hollywood das décadas de 1920 e 30, assim como a influência da sétima arte não só nos romances de Fitzgerald, como em alguma literatura norte-americana da época. Por outro lado, considerando o trabalho de Fitzgerald como argumentista em Hollywood, analisa-se alguns dos guiões em que colaborou, comparando a linguagem cinematográfica da sua prosa com a literária do seu cinema. Na experiência e obra de Fitzgerald está representada uma questão paradigmática sobre a eterna relação de amor e ódio, influência e angústia, ou “angústia da influência” (para tomar emprestado o conceito de Harold Bloom), entre a literatura e o cinema, ao mesmo tempo que nos leva a parafrasear a pergunta de Michel Foucault: o que é um autor no cinema?

Contributo para a determinação simultânea, por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução, de carotenoides, vitamina A e vitamina E em amostras compostas por diferentes matrizes alimentares

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica