Metals in proteins from sulphate-reducing bacteria: adenylate kinase and ATP sulfurylase. Proteins containing cobalt, zinc, iron (II) ions

A Thesis submitted at the Faculty Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon for a degree in Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry with specialization in Physical Biochemistry

Cobalt-, zinc- and iron-bound forms of adenylate kinase (AK) from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas: purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis

Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2009 Sep 1;65(Pt 9):926-9

Development and implementation of strategies for the incorporation of reinforcing elements in aluminium alloys by solid state processing

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Correlation between the mechanical cycling behavior and microstructure in laser welded joints using NiTi memory shape alloys

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais

Crystal structure of the zinc-, cobalt-, and iron-containing adenylate kinase from Desulfovibrio gigas: a novel metal-containing adenylate kinase from Gram-negative bacteria

J Biol Inorg Chem (2011) 16:51–61 DOI 10.1007/s00775-010-0700-8

Friction surfacing of aluminium alloys

Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Analysis of chromium behaviour and speciation during the electrodialytic process

The interest in chromium (Cr) arises from the widespread use of this heavy metal in various industrial processes that cause its release as liquid, solid and gaseous waste into the environment. The impact of Cr on the environment and living organisms primarily depends on its chemical form, since Cr(III) is an essential micronutrient for humans, other animals and plants, and Cr(VI) is highly toxic and a known human carcinogen. This study aimed to evaluate if the electrodialytic process (ED) is an appropriate treatment for Cr removal, through a critical overview of Cr speciation, before and after the ED experiments, to assess possible Cr(III)-Cr(VI) interconversions during the treatment. ED was the treatment technique applied to two types of matrices containing Cr: chromate copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. In order to study Cr remediation, three EDR set-ups were used: a new set-up, the combined cell (2/3C or 3/2C), with three compartments, alternating current between two anodes and different initial experimental conditions, one set-up with three compartments (3C cell) and the other set-up with two compartments (2C cell). The Cr removal rates obtained in this study were between 10-36% for the soil, and 1-13% for the fly ash. The highest Cr removal rates were achieved in the 26 days experiments: 36% for the soil, 13% for the fly ash. Regarding the 13 days experiments, the highest Cr removal rates were attained with the 2/3C set-up: 24% for the soil, 5% for the fly ash. The analysis of Cr(VI) was performed before and after ED experiments to evaluate eventual changes in Cr speciation during the treatment. This analysis was conducted by two methods: USEPA Method 3060A, for the extraction of Cr(VI); and Hach Company Method 8023, for the detection of Cr(VI). Despite the differences in Cr total concentration, both matrices presented a similar speciation, with Cr(III) being the main species found and Cr(VI) less than 3% of Cr total, before and after the treatment. For fly ash, Cr(VI) was initially below the detection limit of the method and remained that way after the treatment. For soil, Cr(VI) decreased after the treatment. Oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) did not occur during the ED process since there was no increase in Cr(VI) in the matrices after the treatment. Hence, the results of this study indicate that ED is an appropriate technique to remediate matrices containing Cr because it contributes to Cr removal, without causing Cr(III)-Cr(VI) interconversions.

Processamento e caracterização mecânica e metalográfica de compósitos adiamantados à base de cobre-níquel obtidos por hot pressing

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Silicon nanowire arrays coupled with cobalt phosphide spheres as low-cost photocathodes for efficient solar hydrogen evolution

We demonstrate the first example of silicon nanowire array photocathodes coupled with hollow spheres of the emerging earth-abundant cobalt phosphide catalysts. Compared to bare silicon nanowire arrays, the hybrid electrodes exhibit significantly improved photoelectrochemical performance toward the solar-driven H2 evolution reaction.

Biorremediación de cromo y fenol mediante la aplicación de microorganismos nativos de la Provincia de Córdoba Bioremediation of chromium and phenol by the application of native microorganisms from Córdoba Province

La contaminación ambiental por metales pesados como el cromo y por compuestos orgánicos como los fenoles es un grave problema a nivel mundial debido a su toxicidad y a sus efectos adversos sobre los seres humanos, la flora y la fauna, tanto por su acumulación en la cadena alimentaria como por su continua persistencia en el medio ambiente. En un estudio preliminar, efectuado por nuestro laboratorio, se han detectado elevados niveles de estos contaminantes en sedimentos y efluentes en zonas industriales del sur de la provincia de Córdoba, lo cual plantea la necesidad de removerlos. Entre las tecnologías disponibles, la biorremediación, que se basa en el uso de sistemas biológicos, como los microorganismos, para la detoxificación y la degradación de contaminantes, se presenta como una alternativa probablemente más efectiva y de menor costo que las técnicas convencionales. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta tecnología depende en gran parte de la influencia de las características particulares y específicas de la zona a remediar. En consecuencia, en primer lugar se caracterizará la zona de muestreo y se aislarán e identificarán microorganismos nativos de la región, tolerantes a cromo y fenol, a partir de muestras de suelo, agua y sedimentos, ya que podrían constituir una adecuada herramienta biotecnológica, mejor adaptada al sitio a tratar. Posteriormente se estudiará la biorremediación de Cr y fenol utilizando dichos microorganismos, analizando su capacidad para biotransformar, bioacumular o bioadsorber a estos contaminantes, y se determinarán las condiciones óptimas para el tratamiento. Se analizarán los posibles mecanismos fisiológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares involucrados en la remediación, que constituye una etapa crucial para el diseño de una estrategia adecuada y eficiente. Finalmente, se aplicará esta tecnología a escala reactor, como una primera aproximación al tratamiento a mayor escala. De esta manera se espera reducir los niveles de estos contaminantes y así minimizar el impacto ambiental que ellos producen en suelos y acuíferos. A futuro, la utilización de los microorganismos seleccionados, de manera individual o formando consorcios, para el tratamiento de efluentes industriales previa liberación al medio ambiente, o su uso en bioaumento, constituirían posibles alternativas de aplicación. Los principales impactos científico-tecnológicos del proyecto serán: (a) la generación de una nueva tecnología biológica de decontaminación de cromo y fenol, intentando presentar soluciones frente a una problemática ambiental que afecta a nuestra región, pero que además es común a la mayoría de los países, (b) la formación de nuevos recursos humanos en el área y (c) el trabajo en colaboración con otros grupos de investigación que se destacan en el área de biotecnología ambiental. Environmental pollution produced by heavy metals, such as chromium and organic compounds like phenolics is a serious global problem due to their toxicity, their adverse effects on human life, plants and animals, their accumulation in the food chains and also by their persistance in the environment. In a previous study performed in our laboratory, high levels of these pollutants were detected in sediments and effluents from industrial zones of the south of Cordoba Province, which determine the need to remove them. Among various technologies, bioremediation which is based on the use of biological systems, such as microorganisms, to detoxify and to degrade contaminants, is probably the most effective alternative, and it is less expensive than other conventional technologies. However, the application of this technology depends on the influence of the particular and specific characteristics of the zone to be remediate. As a consecuence, at the first time, the zone of sampling will be characterized and then, native microorganisms, tolerant to chromium and phenol, will be isolated from soils, water and sediments and identificated. These microorganisms would be an adequate biotechnological tool, more adapted to the conditions of the site to be remediate than other ones. Then, the ability of these selected microorganisms to biotransform, bioaccumulate or biosorbe chromium and phenol will be studied and the optimal conditions for the treatment will be determined. The possible physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in bioremediation will be also analized, because this is a crucial step in the design of an adequate and efficient remediation strategy. Finally, this technology will be applied in a reactor, as an approximation to the treatment at a major scale. A reduction in the levels of these pollutants will be expected, to minimize their environmental impact on soils and aquifers.

Spéciation of chromium in a chromium enriched yeast.

The sample under investigation in this project is an experimental chromium enriched yeast used as a possible additive in animal foodstuff, which was produced by growing yeast in the presence of chromium (III) chloride. Chromium on its own in not biologically active but chromium in the form of chromium enriched yeast is biologically active. The objective of this project was to show the complete absence of chromium(VI) from the sample. A literature survey describing previous work carried out on the speciation of Cr(VI) has been carried out. The principal methods of detection of Cr(VI) used in this project are Polarography, G.F.A.A. Spectroscopy, U.V. Spectroscopy and H.P.L.C. For each of the above methods a calibration curve was obtained and each method was applied to the yeast extract. The H.P.L.C. and U.V. spectroscopic method are specific for Cr(VI) but polarography and G.F.A.A. spectroscopy measure total chromium. Tris-NaOH buffer has been investigated for the extraction of chromium(VT). Problems associated with air oxidation of Cr(III) in alkaline solution have identified and procedures described for the suppression of air oxidation. Procedures are described for the application of the extraction procedure to the yeast extract and for the determination of Cr(VI) in the extract. Procedures are also described for the preconcentration of Cr(VI) on a HPLC column and for the application to the yeast extract. The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbic acid is investigated and found to be first order with respect to ascorbic acid concentration. The reduction capacity of the yeast is also investigated and it was found that in acid solution the yeast will reduce Cr(VI) but in neutral or basic solution the reduction capacity is diminished. Conclusions regarding the objectives of the project are drawn and suggestions for further work are given.

Modelling the influence of microstructure on elastic properties and tensile damage behaviour of Mo-base silicide alloys

Mo-Si-B alloys, Real microstructures, Voronoi structures, Microstructural characterization, Modelling and finite element simulations, Effective material properties, Damage and Crack growth, tensile strength, fracture toughness

Síntesi i caracterització de nanopartícules d'òxid de cobalt

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és sintetitzar i caracteritzar nanopartícules d’òxid de cobalt. Ens interessa estudiar diferents isomorfes de monòxid de cobalt (CoO) ja que són materials nous i se’n desconeixen les propietats; en algunes investigacions s’intueix un comportament antiferromagnètic la qual cosa les fa especialment interessants per aplicacions magnètiques.

Distal dendrites of frog motor neurons: a computer-aided electron microscopic study of cobalt-filled cells.

With the aid of the cobalt labelling technique, frog spinal cord motor neuron dendrites of the subpial dendritic plexus have been identified in serial electron micrographs. Computer reconstructions of various lengths (2.5-9.8 micron) of dendritic segments showed the contours of these dendrites to be highly irregular, and to present many thorn-like projections 0.4-1.8 micron long. Number, size and distribution of synaptic contacts were also determined. Almost half of the synapses occurred at the origins of the thorns and these synapses had the largest contact areas. Only 8 out of 54 synapses analysed were found on thorns and these were the smallest. For the total length of reconstructed dendrites there was, on average, one synapse per 1.2 micron, while 4.4% of the total dendritic surface was covered with synaptic contacts. The functional significance of these distal dendrites and their capacity to influence the soma membrane potential is discussed.