Baseline of soil CO2 flux in the Hontomin site (Burgos, Spain)

Baseline of soil CO2 flux in the Hontomin site (Burgos, Spain)

Hydrogeochemistry of surface and spring waters in the surroundings of the CO2 injection site at Hontomín–Huermeces (Burgos, Spain)

In this paper the very first geochemical and isotopic data related to surface and spring waters and dissolved gases in the area of Hontomín–Huermeces (Burgos, Spain) are presented and discussed. Hontomín–Huermeces has been selected as a pilot site for the injection of pure (>99%) CO2. Injection and monitoring wells are planned to be drilled close to 6 oil wells completed in the 1980s for which detailed stratigraphical logs are available, indicating the presence of a confined saline aquifer at the depth of about 1500 m into which less than 100,000 tons of iquid CO2 will be injected, possibly starting in 2013. The chemical and features of the spring waters suggest that they are related to a shallow hydrogeological system as the concentration of the Total Dissolved Solids approaches 800 mg/L with a Ca2+(Mg2+)-HCO3− composition, similar to that of the surface waters. This is also supported by the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios that have values lying between those of the Global and the Mediterranean Meteoric Water Lines. Some spring waters close to the oil wells are haracterized by relatively high concentrations of NO3− (up to 123 mg/L), unequivocally suggesting an anthropogenic source that adds to the main water–rock interaction processes. The latter can be referred to Ca-Mg-carbonate and, at a minor extent, Al-silicate dissolution, being the outcropping sedimentary rocks characterized by Palaeozoic to Quaternary rocks. Anomalous concentrations of Cl−, SO42−, As, B and Ba were measured in two springs discharging a few hundred meters from the oil wells and in the Rio Ubierna. These contents are significantly higher than those of the whole set of the studied waters and are possibly indicative of mixing processes, although at very low extent, between deep and shallow aquifers. No evidence of deep-seated gases interacting with the Hontomín–Huermeces waters was recognized in the chemistry of the disolved gases. This is likely due to the fact that they are mainly characterized by an atmospheric source as highlighted by the high contents of N2, O2 and Ar and by N2/Ar ratios that approach that of ASW (Air Saturated Water) and possibly masking any contribution related to a deep source. Nevertheless, significant concentrations (up to 63% by vol.) of isotopically negative CO2 (<−17.7‰ V-PDB) were found in some water samples, likely related to a biogenic source. The geochemical and isotopic data of this work are of particular importance when a monitoring program will be established to verify whether CO2 leakages, induced by the injection of this greenhouse gas, may be affecting the quality of the waters in the shallow hydrological circuits at Hontomín–Huermeces. In this respect, carbonate chemistry, the isotopic carbon of dissolved CO2 and TDIC (Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) and selected trace elements can be considered as useful parameters to trace the migration of the injected CO2 into near-surface environments.

CO2 soil flux baseline at the technological development plant for CO2 injection at Hontomin (Burgos, Spain)

From the end of 2013 and during the following two years, 20 kt of CO2sc are planned to be injected in a saline reservoir (1500 m depth) at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The target aquifers are Lower Jurassic limestone formations which are sealed by Lower Cretaceous clay units at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The injection of CO2 is part of the activities committed in the Technology Development phase of the EC-funded OXYCFB300 project (European Energy Program for Recovery – EEPR, http://www.compostillaproject.eu), which include CO2 injection strategies, risk assessment, and testing and validating monitoring methodologies and techniques. Among the monitoring works, the project is intended to prove that present-day technology is able to monitor the evolution of injected CO2 in the reservoir and to detect potential leakage. One of the techniques is the measurement of CO2 flux at the soil–atmosphere interface, which includes campaigns before, during and after the injection operations. In this work soil CO2 flux measurements in the vicinity of oil borehole, drilled in the eighties and named H-1 to H-4, and injection and monitoring wells were performed using an accumulation chamber equipped with an IR sensor. Seven surveys were carried out from November 2009 to summer 2011. More than 4000 measurements were used to determine the baseline flux of CO2 and its seasonal variations. The measured values were low (from 5 to 13 g m−2 day−1) and few outliers were identified, mainly located close to the H-2 oil well. Nevertheless, these values cannot be associated to a deep source of CO2, being more likely related to biological processes, i.e. soil respiration. No anomalies were recognized close to the deep fault system (Ubierna Fault) detected by geophysical investigations. There, the CO2 flux is indeed as low as other measurement stations. CO2 fluxes appear to be controlled by the biological activity since the lowest values were recorded during autumn-winter seasons and they tend to increase in warm periods. Two reference CO2 flux values (UCL50 of 5 g m−2 d−1 for non-ploughed areas in autumn–winter seasons and 3.5 and 12 g m−2 d−1 for in ploughed and non-ploughed areas, respectively, in spring–summer time, and UCL99 of 26 g m−2 d−1 for autumn–winter in not-ploughed areas and 34 and 42 g m−2 d−1 for spring–summer in ploughed and not-ploughed areas, respectively) were calculated. Fluxes higher than these reference values could be indicative of possible leakage during the operational and post-closure stages of the storage project.

Water chemistry at Hontomín-Huermeces (Burgos, Spain): insights for a pre-, intra- and post-CO2 injection geochemical monitoring.

In this study, the very first geochemical and isotopic data related to surface and spring waters and dissolved gases in the area of Hontomín-Huermeces (Burgos, Spain) are presented and discussed. Hontomín-Huermeces was selected as a pilot site for the injection of pure (>99 %) CO2. Injection and monitoring wells are planned to be drilled close to 6 oil wells completed in the 1980’s. Stratigraphical logs indicate the presence of a confined saline aquifer at the depth of about 1,500 m into which less than 100,000 tons of liquid CO2 will be injected, possibly starting in 2013. The chemical and isotopic features of the spring waters suggest the occurrence of a shallow aquifer having a Ca2+(Mg2+)-HCO3- composition, relatively low salinity (Total Dissolved Solids _800 mg/L) and a meteoric isotopic signature. Some spring waters close to the oil wells are characterized by relatively high concentrations of NO3- (up to 123 mg/L), unequivocally indicating anthropogenic contamination that adds to the main water-rock interaction processes. The latter can be referred to Ca-Mg-carbonate and, at a minor extent, Al-silicate dissolution, being the outcropping sedimentary rocks characterized by Palaeozoic to Quaternary rocks. Anomalous concentrations of Cl-, SO42-, As, B and Ba were measured in two springs discharging a few hundreds meters from the oil wells and in the Rio Ubierna, possibly indicative of mixing processes, although at very low extent, between deep and shallow aquifers. Gases dissolved in spring waters show relatively high concentrations of atmospheric species, such as N2, O2 and Ar, and isotopically negative CO2 (<-17.7 h V-PDB), likely related to a biogenic source, possibly masking any contribution related to a deep source. The geochemical and isotopic data of this study are of particular importance when a monitoring program will be established to verify whether CO2 leakages, induced by the injection of this greenhouse gas, may affect the quality of the waters of the shallow Hontomín-Huermeces hydrological circuit. In this respect, carbonate chemistry, the isotopic carbon of dissolved CO2 and TDIC (Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) and selected trace elements can be considered as useful parameters to trace the migration of the injected CO2 into near-surface environments.

Monitorización y verificación de un almacenamiento geológico de CO2. Aplicación de la monitorización superficial en la PDT de Hontomín (Burgos, España)

La necesidad de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ha contribuido al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de utilización sostenible de los combustibles fósiles. Destacan entre ellas la captura y almacenamiento de CO2 (CAC), aunque su aplicación industrial aún requiere avances tecnológicos. En este sentido, la Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (CIUDEN) desarrolla un proyecto integral de demostración de las técnicas CAC en el marco del proyecto Compostilla OXYCFB300 financiado por el programa europeo “European Energy Program for Recovery (EEPR)”

Mejora de conexión entre las márgenes del rio Ebro a la altura de la población de Valdenoceda, Merindad de Valdivielso (Burgos).

El propósito del proyecto es la construcción de un puente que se situará cercano a la población de Valdenoceda,a la altura del kilómetro 532 de la N-232, cruzando dicha carretera el río Ebro. Los principales objetivos a alcanzar son los mencionados a continuación: mejorar la conectividad entre las poblaciones situadas a ambas márgenes del rio Ebro, perfeccionar el trazado de la carretera N-232, evitar la travesía de la carretera N-232, atravesando las poblaciones situadas entre los puntos kilométricos 531 y 535 de la carretera N-232, aumentando su seguridad y bienestar y, finalmente, mejorar la seguridad para el tráfico de la carretera N-232 y su conexión con la CL-629.

La Catedral de Cuenca. Diferentes tipologías de la bóveda sexpartita

Esta ponencia quiere dar a conocer los aspectos constructivos de unas de las bóvedas más extraordinarias producidas por el gótico español: las bóvedas que cubren las naves de la Catedral de Cuenca. La Catedral de Santa María de Cuenca es la única catedral española enteramente construida con bóvedas sexpartitas, particularidad ésta, que a nuestro juicio no ha recibido la atención que merece. Este tipo de abovedamiento es escaso en España, aunque su uso fue muy extendido en el gótico francés de finales del siglo XII al XIII, donde se conservan infinidad de ejemplos, entre ellos en algunas de las catedrales de mayor relevancia como Bourges, Laon o la mismísima Nôtre Dame de París. En nuestro país, las bóvedas de Cuenca son un notable ejemplo que reclama un estudio más allá del puramente histórico adentrándose y valorando la singularidad de sus aspectos constructivos. La bóveda sexpartita ha sido escasamente estudiada. Los dibujos de Viollet le Duc parecen definir el modelo por el que se rigen este tipo de estructuras. Sin embargo, la catedral de Cuenca, parece contradecir estos estudios, en ella se observan cuatro tipologías distintas. Las diferentes curvaturas de sus arcos permiten formas diversas dentro del mismo tipo lo que otorga al arquitecto gran libertad para diseñar la configuración de los espacios a cubrir. Estas bóvedas tuvieron su pleno desarrollo a comienzos del gótico y delatan un escaso desarrollo de la estereotomía; no obstante, muestran detalles en su despiece y construcción que ponen de manifiesto ingeniosos recursos para llevar a cabo la labra de sus dovelas, claves y jarjas y lograr la máxima facilidad del proceso constructivo de estas impresionantes estructuras.

Antiguedad de la Iglesia Catedral de Segorbe, y catalogo de sus obispos

Sign.: [ ]4, A-Z4, Aa-Ll4

Puente ferroviario sobre el Arroyo del Molino (Burgos)

El objeto del presente Proyecto es la definición del puente que servirá para que la vía del ferrocarril, pueda salvar el Arroyo del Molino a la altura del pk 9+200 del tramo Fresno de Rodilla - Quintanavides. Este tramo, a su vez, forma parte de la línea de alta velocidad Valladolid - Burgos - Vitoria. La nueva Línea de Alta Velocidad está incluida dentro de la red de altas prestaciones del Plan Estratégico de Infraestructuras y Transporte (PEIT) del Ministerio de Fomento para el periodo 2005-2020. Este recorrido discurre por los términos municipales de Fresno de Rodilla, Santa María del Invierno, Monasterio de Rodilla, Santa Olalla de Bureba y Quintanavides con una longitud de 8,2 km. La estructura objeto de estudio es un puente de un sólo vano de 38 metros de luz entre apoyos que salva el arroyo del Molino y un camino que discurre próximo a dicho arroyo. La solución propuesta consiste en un tablero formado por una artesa de hormigón prefabricado sobre la que se construye la losa de hormigón «in situ». Dicho tablero se apoya, a través de cuatro aparatos de tipo «pot» sobre sendos estribos de hormigon armado cimentados sobre pilotes. Estos estribos están dotados de muros en vuelta que sirven para contener el derrame del terraplén. El tablero se completa con las aceras, compuesta cada una de ellas por una imposta prefabricada anclada y una banda de 15 cm de hormigón «in situ», dos canaletas para cables de comunicaciones, los muretes guardabalasto, las juntas de dilatación en estribos y los anclajes para postes de las catenarias, dispuestos conforme a los diseños normalizados respectivos.

La catedral : (novela)

Fecha tomada del texto

Sermon panegirico en el dia... comunmente aclamado Iueues de la Fuente predicado en la... Catedral de la ciudad de Segorbe, en honor de Maria Santissima... en 17 de Agosto del presente año 1679

Sign.: [calderón]4, A-C4, D2

Estudio del acoplamiento acústico en la catedral de Toledo a partir de medidas experimentales.

Las iglesias son espacios acústicos muy complejos conformados por subespacios de diferentes volúmenes. Una de las consecuencias de esta complejidad volumétrica es la aparición del fenómeno de acoplamiento acústico. A partir de medidas acústicas in situ realizadas en la Catedral de Toledo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las curvas de caída energética obtenidas experimentalmente en aquellos espacios que a priori son favorables a la aparición de dicho fenómeno acústico.