Inteligência coletiva e gestão do conhecimento: uma aplicação na rede social Facebook

Social networks rely on concepts such as collaboration, cooperation, replication, flow, speed, interaction, engagement, and aim the continuous sharing and resharing of information in support of the permanent social interaction. Facebook, the largest social network in the world, reached, in May 2016, the mark of 1.09 billion active users daily, draining 161.7 million hours of users’ attention to the website every day. These users share 4.75 billion units of content daily. The research presented in this dissertation aims to investigate the management of knowledge and collective intelligence, from the introduction of mechanisms that aim to enable users to manage and organize current information in the feeds from Facebook groups in which they participate, turning Facebook into a collective knowledge and information management device that goes far beyond mere interaction and communication among people. The adoption of Design Science Research methodology is intended to instill the "genes" of collective intelligence, as presented in the literature, in the computational artifact being developed, so that intelligence can be managed and used to create even more knowledge and intelligence to and by the group. The main theoretical contribution of this dissertation is to discuss knowledge management and collective intelligence in a complementary and integrated manner, showing how efforts to obtain one also contribute to leveraging the other.

Uma API criptográfica para aplicações embarcadas

This document presents GEmSysC, an unified cryptographic API for embedded systems. Software layers implementing this API can be built over existing libraries, allowing embedded software to access cryptographic functions in a consistent way that does not depend on the underlying library. The API complies to good practices for API design and good practices for embedded software development and took its inspiration from other cryptographic libraries and standards. The main inspiration for creating GEmSysC was the CMSIS-RTOS standard, which defines an unified API for embedded software in an implementation-independent way, but targets operating systems instead of cryptographic functions. GEmSysC is made of a generic core and attachable modules, one for each cryptographic algorithm. This document contains the specification of the core of GEmSysC and three of its modules: AES, RSA and SHA-256. GEmSysC was built targeting embedded systems, but this does not restrict its use only in such systems – after all, embedded systems are just very limited computing devices. As a proof of concept, two implementations of GEmSysC were made. One of them was built over wolfSSL, which is an open source library for embedded systems. The other was built over OpenSSL, which is open source and a de facto standard. Unlike wolfSSL, OpenSSL does not specifically target embedded systems. The implementation built over wolfSSL was evaluated in a Cortex- M3 processor with no operating system while the implementation built over OpenSSL was evaluated on a personal computer with Windows 10 operating system. This document displays test results showing GEmSysC to be simpler than other libraries in some aspects. These results have shown that both implementations incur in little overhead in computation time compared to the cryptographic libraries themselves. The overhead of the implementation has been measured for each cryptographic algorithm and is between around 0% and 0.17% for the implementation over wolfSSL and between 0.03% and 1.40% for the one over OpenSSL. This document also presents the memory costs for each implementation.

Adaptação do paradigma orientado a notificações para desenvolvimento de sistemas fuzzy

This work proposes to adjust the Notification Oriented Paradigm (NOP) so that it provides support to fuzzy concepts. NOP is inspired by elements of imperative and declarative paradigms, seeking to solve some of the drawbacks of both. By decomposing an application into a network of smaller computational entities that are executed only when necessary, NOP eliminates the need to perform unnecessary computations and helps to achieve better logical-causal uncoupling, facilitating code reuse and application distribution over multiple processors or machines. In addition, NOP allows to express the logical-causal knowledge at a high level of abstraction, through rules in IF-THEN format. Fuzzy systems, in turn, perform logical inferences on causal knowledge bases (IF-THEN rules) that can deal with problems involving uncertainty. Since PON uses IF-THEN rules in an alternative way, reducing redundant evaluations and providing better decoupling, this research has been carried out to identify, propose and evaluate the necessary changes to be made on NOP allowing to be used in the development of fuzzy systems. After that, two fully usable materializations were created: a C++ framework, and a complete programming language (LingPONFuzzy) that provide support to fuzzy inference systems. From there study cases have been created and several tests cases were conducted, in order to validate the proposed solution. The test results have shown a significant reduction in the number of rules evaluated in comparison to a fuzzy system developed using conventional tools (frameworks), which could represent an improvement in performance of the applications.

Abordando as relações ctsa no ensino da química a partir das crenças e atitudes de licenciandos: uma experiência ormativa no Sertão Nordestino

Este estudio investigó las actitudes y creencias de los estudiantes universitarios en Ciencias Químicas por la Universidad de Río Grande do Norte (UERN) como un paso hacia la elaboración de una propuesta de material didáctico para el estudio de las relaciones CTSA en la licenciatura en química. Para el conocimiento de las actitudes y creencias fue utilizado dos instrumentos (Escala Likert y un cuestionario), que proporcionó un análisis dentro del nuevo paradigma de investigación (cuantitativa y cualitativa) en la Enseñanza de la Ciencia y Matemáticas. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes de licenciatura en química tienen creencias positivistas y que suelen son considerados por algunos como ingenuas, como la creencia en el modelo de decisión tecnocrática, la linealidad del desarrollo científico y tecnológico que lleva a el bienestar social y neutralidad de los conocimientos científicotecnológico. Basándose en estos datos y la literatura sobre el tema se elaboraron tres módulos de aprendizaje: a) Cuestionando la hegemonía del conocimiento técnico y científico, b) Las relaciones entre ciencia, tecnología, sociedad y medio ambiente - las relaciones CTSA c) Propuesta de temática para la enseñanza de la química en una perspectiva de CTSA: El Río Mossoró. Por último, el material producido se utilizó en dos cursos ocurridos en el Campus Central en el Centro de Educación Superior en São Miguel, ambos de UERN. Los participantes expresaron su aprobación al enfoque trajo de el experimento propuesto y de el caso de simulación contenidos en la propuesta de

Trabalhos prático-experimentais no ensino da biologia: Uma análise dos livros didáticos de Biologia aprovados no PNLD/2012

El trabajo práctico experimental en la educación en Ciencias y en el contexto de la enseñanza de la Biología es un objetivo clave. Teniendo en cuenta la influencia de los libros de texto en la actividad profesional de docentes, interesado en este estudio para caracterizar la orientación de este tipo de materiales, para el trabajo práctico experimental y el uso de la medición en esta actividad. Para ello analizaron las ocho colecciones de libros de Biología aprobado en PNLD en 2012. La investigación es de naturaleza descriptiva e interpretativa y de recogida de datos ha sido elegida por el método de análisis de contenido (BARDIN, 2002). El análisis de los trabajos práctico experimentales buscó caracterizar su naturaleza epistemológica, concepción de la ciencia implícita, conceptual, tipología, contenido conceptual de Biología utilizado, cuántos implican medidas, y cómo se utiliza en este contexto según el procedimiento general para medir propuesto por Núñez y Silva (2008). Los trabajo práctico experimental ha sugerido una epistemología de la enseñanza conceptual, carácter racionalista en su mayoría y dominada por las actividades del tipo de ejercicio práctico, a necesidad de medir está presente en una minoría de estos y se se utiliza el procedimiento general de medición de forma parcial e implícito en la mayoría de los trabajos prático experimentales. Por lo tanto, proponemos en este actividades de estudio a desarrollar una guía de análisis de los trabajo práctico experimentales propuesto en los libros de texto de Biología

O ensino por problemas nos livros de química: uma análise do conteúdo estrutura atômica

La enseñanza de problemas se ha investigado en la didáctica de las ciencias naturales como un medio importante para desarrollar el aprendizaje de los conocimientos científicos y la formación de competencias básicas. Dada la importancia de los libros de texto para la enseñanza de la ciencia, con el fin de verificar el enfoque de la enseñanza con problemas en los libros de química, se procedió a una investigación realizada en las obras aprobadas en PNLD 2012, basado en el método de Análisis de Contenido. Se analizó el contenido de la estructura atómica, como marco teórico la perspectiva de la enseñanza problémica, basada en el materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Metodológicamente la investigación presenta un carácter cualitativo. Los resultados del análisis de contenido corroboraron la cuestiones de estudio iniciales relacionadas con la explicación centrándose en los problemas, lo que permitió inferir la elaboración de una Unidad Didactica basada en los métodos problémicos para la enseñanza de los modelos atómicos por la exposición problémica, la conversación heurística y la busca parcial, como forma de aproximar los estudiantes a la naturaleza de las ciencias naturales y contribuir al desarrollo de actitudes positivas en el aprendizaje de la química

Saberes ambientais e estações do ano

La enseñanza de las estaciones es fundamental para la comprensión de muchos ciclos naturales de la Tierra y, por consiguiente, debe integrar una educación en astronomía comprometidos con una educación ambiental más amplio. Sin embargo, la literatura en la educación científica ha puesto de manifiesto durante mucho tiempo la existencia de asociaciones erróneas de las estaciones astronómicas con características contradictorias de los ambientes que experimentamos en nuestro país. Los estudios de los autores de la historia de la astronomía y la astronomía cultural sugieren que la corrección de este error requiere la sistematización de los conocimientos sobre el comportamiento anual del medio ambiente local y, al mismo tiempo, la comprensión de los diferentes puntos de vista en el que las estaciones estaban y se cree por diferentes culturas, en particular, pero sin limitarse, a la perspectiva que utiliza como referencia el movimiento anual del Sol como base para la división del año en cuatro estaciones. Agregado a la reflexión sobre el enfoque humanista a la enseñanza de la astronomía, estos estudios sirvieron de base para la realización de investigaciones con los pescadores de la playa de Ponta Negra, durante los meses de mayo, junio y julio de 2012 y mayo-agosto en 2013; con el fin de conocer sus percepciones sobre el ambiente de la playa e investigar las posibles referencias que tienen del cielo durante el año. Más allá de la contextualización y reflexiones desarrolladas en la tesis, se presentan como un producto de la investigación el material educativo que consiste en el video "Las estaciones del mar de Ponta Negra" para ser utilizado como apoyo en talleres o cursos para estudiantes universitarios y profesores, que implica el tema de las estaciones . El material se utiliza la percepción de los pescadores en la playa dirigidas a contribuir así al diálogo entre la ciencia y el conocimiento cotidiano, y para reducir la brecha del conocimiento sistematizado sobre las características y los cambios anuales en el entorno de Natal / RN, en particular en el contexto de la enseñanza de las Ciencias. Al mismo tiempo, se espera favorecer la mirada del los profesores y futuros profesores para el medio ambiente local y la variedad que las diferentes culturas perciben los ciclos anuales y sus entornos

Um estudo das condições de percolação e estabilidade em barragens de terra mediante métodos geofísicos: caso do dique de Sant Llorenç de Montgai - Espanha

The monitoring of Earth dam makes use of visual inspection and instrumentation to identify and characterize the deterioration that compromises the security of earth dams and associated structures. The visual inspection is subjective and can lead to misinterpretation or omission of important information and, some problems are detected too late. The instrumentation are efficient but certain technical or operational issues can cause restrictions. Thereby, visual inspections and instrumentation can lead to a lack of information. Geophysics offers consolidated, low-cost methods that are non-invasive, non-destructive and low cost. They have a strong potential and can be used assisting instrumentation. In the case that a visual inspection and strumentation does not provide all the necessary information, geophysical methods would provide more complete and relevant information. In order to test these theories, geophysical acquisitions were performed using Georadar (GPR), Electric resistivity, Seismic refraction, and Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) on the dike of the dam in Sant Llorenç de Montgai, located in the province of Lleida, 145 km from Barcelona, Catalonia. The results confirmed that the geophysical methods used each responded satisfactorily to the conditions of the earth dike, the anomalies present and the geological features found, such as alluvium and carbonate and evaporite rocks. It has also been confirmed that these methods, when used in an integrated manner, are able to reduce the ambiguities in individual interpretations. They facilitate improved imaging of the interior dikes and of major geological features, thus inspecting the massif and its foundation. Consequently, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that these geophysical methods are sufficiently effective for inspecting earth dams and they are an important tool in the instrumentation and visual inspection of the security of the dams

Adição de superplastificante e anti-segregante à base de CMC em pastas de cimento para Poços de Petróleo

Oil well cementing materials consist of slurries of Special class Portland cement dispersed in water. Admixtures can be used to provide the necessary fluidity, so the material can be efficiently pumped down as well as penetrate porous rocks with controlled filter loss. Construction admixtures can be used to modify the properties of oil well cements provided they can withstand and hold their properties at the higher than ambient temperatures usually encountered in oil fields. In civil construction, superplasticizer play the role of dispersants that reduce the facto r of water cement improve mechanical properties and fluidity of the cement, whereas anti-segregation agents improve the workability of the slurry. In the present study, oil well cement slurries were produced adding both a dispersant and an anti-segregation agent conventionally used in Portland CPII-Z-32 RS cement aiming at materials for primary cementing and squeeze operations. Three basic aspects were evaluated: fluidity, filter loss and the synergetic effect of the admixtures at two temperatures, i.e., 27°C and 56°C, following API RP 10B practical recommendations. The slurries were prepared using admixture concentrations varying from 2.60 Kgf/m3 (0.02 gallft3) to 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0.045 galJft3) BWOC. The density of the slurries was set to 1.89 g/cm3 (15.8 Ib/gal). 0.30 to 0.60% BWOC of a CMC-based anti-segregation agent was added to the cement to control the filter loss. The results showed that the addition of anti-segregation at concentrations above 0.55% by weight of cement resulted in the increased viscosity of the folders in temperatures evaluated. The increasing the temperature of the tests led to a reduction in the performance of anti-segregation. At concentrations of 5.20 kgf/m3 (0,040 gallft3) and 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0,045 gal/ft 3) observed a better performance of the properties evaluated in the proposed system. At low temperature was observed instability in the readings of rheology for all concentrations of anti-segregation. Contents that increasing the concentration of anti¬-segregation is limited concentrations greater than 0.55 % BWOC of the CMC in temperature analyzed. The use of the system with CMC promoted a good performance against the properties evaluated. The principal function of anti¬-segregation was optimized with increasing concentration of superplasticizer, at temperatures above the 2rC. The study of the behaviour of systemic additives, resulting in slurries of cement, which can be optimized face studies of other intrinsic properties in oil fields

Avaliação da dolomita funcionalizada para remoção de H2S em gás natural

The natural gas is an alternative source of energy which is found underground in porous and permeable rocks and being associated or not to the oil. Its basic composition includes methane, other hydrocarbon and compounds such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulphidric gas, mercaptans, water and solid particles. In this work, the dolomite mineral, a double carbonate of calcium and magnesium whose the chemical formula is CaMg(CO3)2, was evaluated as adsorbent material. The material was characterized by granulometric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, specific surface area, porosity, scanning electronic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Then the material was functionalized with diethanolamine (dolomite+diethanolamine) and diisopropylamine (dolomite+diisopropylamine). The results indicated that the adsorbents presented appropriate physiochemical characteristics for H2S adsorption. The adsorption tests were accomplished in a system coupled to a gas chromatograph and the H2S monitoring in the output of the system was accomplished by a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD). The adsorbents presented a significant adsorption capacity. Among the analyzed adsorbents, the dolomite+diethanolamine presented the best capacity of adsorption. The breakthrough curves obtained proved the efficiency of this process

Desenvolvimento de formulações para produção de grés porcelanato a partir de matérias-primas da região da bacia do Parnaíba

Brazil is a great ceramic raw materials productor because of the its big number of clay deposits, in various areas of the ceramic industry. Although, the majority of the natural reservations are unknown or not studied yet, so there is no scientific technical dates that can guide their usage and industrial application, as well as the racional and optimazed way of usage by the industrial sector. The state of Maranhão has a gigant mineral wealth as esmectite, bentonite, kaolin, clays, feldspates, marine salt, iron and others, but produce only products with small agregated value compared to the porcelanato, one of the most expensives ceramic cover tiles, the reason for that is the low water absorption (lower than 0,5%), beside present amazing tecnicals features, like mechanical resistence. The main objective of the work is to do the characterization of four clays, with the finallity of find an application by the results and develop formulations to produce porcelanato using these raw materials from Timon-MA. For this were made the raw materials characterization using X ray fluorecence; X ray diffraction; Differencial thermal analysis; Dilatometric analysis and Tecnological properties, planing three formulations that were sinterized at six different temperatures: 1150, 1170, 1190, 1210, 1230 and 1250ºC for 7 minutes. After the sinteratization, the samples were submitted to tension resistance analysis. Were attained two formulations with the requested properties to produce porcelanato

Formulação e caracterização de matérias-primas para revestimento cerâmico Semi-Poroso com adição de chamote de telhas

The ceramics industry in Piauí is nowadays with 55 industries where 11 are in Teresina which is the mainstream of the state, producing 55 million shingles; in which 10 % is of this production is wasted being sometimes thrown on the margins of rivers, roads and highways provoking an environmental degradation. The main goal of this work is to verify the potential of producing semi porous ceramic using grog of shingles, on the first part of this work bodies-of-proof were produced from a basic formula of an industry, doping it with 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % in mass and in the second part of this work some bodies-of-proof were produced from a formula where one raw material was substituted by 50 % of grog and another substituting it all by grog, bodies-of-proof made of a basic formula previously announced was used for experiment control.The grog and the raw materials were characterized by: particle size analysis , thermal differential analysis, X ray diffraction , X ray fluorescence, an thermal gravimetric analysis and rational analyses. The bodies-of-proof were sintetisized in an industrial oven obeying the normal cycle adopted by an industry, with peak temperatures of 1135 oC and a fast burning cycle of 25 minutes having as energetic fuel liquefied petroleum gas . The pieces that were obtained by this were submersed in rehearsed physics of: water absorption of, apparent specific mass, apparent porosity, lineal retraction, rupture tension to the flexural and dilatometry; mineralogical analysis for X ray diffraction; and microstructural for electronic microscope of sweeping. For all the formulas with addition of grog, superior priorities to the requested by the requirements for semi porous and for the formula to F2-2,5 superior priorities to standard formulas which justifies the incorporation of the shingles in mass for the semi porous ceramic

Influência do teor de calcário no comportamento físico, mecânico e microestrutural de cerâmicas estruturais

There are ores of clay in Piauí State that are used for red structural ceramics, which are naturally contaminated with calcareous vein. This is one thing that impedes its exploration in an adequate way, especially for tile production. The present work aims at verifying the influence of the calcareous contents in the technological structural ceramics area, seeking to determine a maximum permissible calcareous proportion/contents in the ceramic mass using the patterns of the local industry production. For the consecution of this paper, it was characterized the clay and calcareous material by FRX, DRX, TGA and DTA. It was also configurated by extrusion and burnt in the temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C pieces of the corpus with 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% of calcareous proportion. After that, it was carried out technological samples of linear retraction, water absortion, apparent porosity, specific apparent mass and mechanic resistance. The results showed the possibility of using calcareous in the ceramic mass and in some cases the technological properties got better

Estudo da síntese e sinterização de pós compósitos do sistema Ta-Cu

Ta-Cu bulk composites combine high mechanical resistance of the Ta with high electrical and thermal conductivity of the Cu. These are important characteristics to electrical contacts, microwave absorber and heat skinks. However, the low wettability of Ta under Cu liquid and insolubility mutual these elements come hard sintering this composite. High-energy milling (HEM) produces composite powders with high homogeneity and refines the grain size. This work focus to study Ta-20wt%Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical mixture and HEM with two different conditions of milling in a planetary ball mill and then their sintering using hydrogen plasma furnace and a resistive vacuum furnace. After milling, the powders were pressed in a steel dye at a pressure of 200 MPa. The cylindrical samples pressed were sintered by resistive vacuum furnace at 10-4torr with a sintering temperature at 1100ºC / 60 minutes and with heat rate at 10ºC/min and were sintered by plasma furnace with sintering temperatures at 550, 660 and 800ºC without isotherm under hydrogen atmosphere with heat rate at 80ºC/min. The characterizations of the powders produced were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser granulometry. After the sintering the samples were analyzed by SEM, XRD and density and mass loss tests. The results had shown that to high intense milling condition produced composite particles with shorter milling time and amorphization of both phases after 50 hours of milling. The composite particles can produce denser structure than mixed powders, if heated above the Cu melting point. After the Cu to arrive in the melting point, liquid copper leaves the composite particles and fills the pores

Desenvolvimento de cerâmica vermelha utilizando rejeitos da construção civil

The Industry of the Civil Construction has been one of the sectors that most contribute to the pollution of the environment, due to the great amount of residues generated by the construction, demolition and the extraction of raw material. As a way of minimizing the environmental impacts generated by this industry, some governmental organizations have elaborated laws and measures about the disposal of residues from the building construction (CONAMA - resolution 307). This work has as objective the reutilization of residues compound of sand, concrete, cement, red bricks and blocks of cement and mortar for the production of red ceramic, with the objective of minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The investigated samples contained 0% to 50% of residues in weight, and they were sintered at temperatures of 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1150°C. After the sinterization, the samples were submitted to tests of absorption of water, linear retraction, resistance to bending, apparent porosity, specific density, XRD and SEM. Satisfactory results were obtained in all studied compositions, with the possible incorporation of up to 50% of residues in ceramic mass without great losses in the mechanical strength, giving better results to the incorporation of 30% of residues in the fabrication of ceramic parts, such as roofing tiles, bricks masonry and pierced bricks