SABERES DOCENTES DOS PROFESSORES QUE ATUAM NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

O estudo busca conhecer o trabalho desenvolvido por professores de diferentes componentes curriculares dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de ensino da cidade de São Paulo de modo a identificar e compreender suas percepções a respeito dos saberes docentes no contexto do processo ensino e aprendizagem. Assim discute-se os saberes que os professores adquirem e/ou reelaboram na prática pedagógica e que são por eles vistos como possibilidades de mudanças no processo ensino e aprendizagem que contemple um ensino de qualidade. O referencial adotado pauta-se em estudos sobre saberes docentes e sua prática, o conhecimento sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem e a formação dos professores que atuam nos anos finais do Ensino de Fundamental, tendo como autores principais, Tardif, Garrido, Gatti e Luckesi. Para tanto, procede-se à análise de documentos oficiais e à aplicação de um questionário a doze professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental com o objetivo de conhecer aspectos da vida profissional, bem como as articulações que eles fazem entre saberes docentes, práticas profissionais e processo ensino e aprendizagem. Os resultados demonstram os saberes desenvolvidos pelos docentes, e as práticas pedagógicas que construíram ao longo de seu exercício profissional frente as dificuldades evidenciadas em alguns grupos de alunos. Por fim, os dados revelam a necessidade de se garantir discussões sobre o currículo das turmas dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental de forma a se perceber que a evolução que os educadores almejam com todos os envolvidos no processo ensino e aprendizagem se ressignificam na prática do conhecimento.

Relação existente entre metavisualização e as representações simbólica e submicro na elaboração de atividade em química

O objetivo desse trabalho foi compreender em que medida uma estratégia metavisual, utilizada em sala de aula, pode ajudar na construção e reconstrução de ideias, especificamente numa atividade introdutória de eletroquímica e quais os fatores envolvidos nesse processo. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma atividade para o estudo inicial de duas interações eletroquímicas, envolvendo ferro e soluções de sulfato de cobre (II) e ácido sulfúrico. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, envolvendo 32 estudantes do 3.o ano do ensino médio de uma mesma escola, idades entre 16 e 18 anos, em que foram feitos os registros audiovisuais dos alunos realizando a atividade e as falas transcritas para análise. Além disso, eles responderam a um questionário para se pesquisar por indícios nas habilidades metavisuais em 1D e 2D e, por último, uma entrevista semiestruturada. Duas categorias foram elaboradas com o objetivo de se classificar as hipóteses propostas para posterior comparação, uma para o nível simbólico e a outra para o submicro, possibilitando a observação de possíveis evoluções e dificuldades encontradas. Com relação às habilidades metavisuais, também foram necessárias três categorias para compor a análise. Os resultados indicam que a estratégia metavisual mostrou-se eficiente para a construção e reconstrução de conceitos associados à eletroquímica, na medida em que as concepções alternativas e dificuldades, comuns nessa área, puderam ser discutidas e modificadas. Houve evolução das hipóteses dos alunos, com intensa modelagem de conceitos, propiciada pela comparação de imagens (metavisualização), tanto no nível simbólico quanto no submicro. Foi observado que os estudantes demonstraram maior dificuldade ao elaborar as hipóteses do submicro, possivelmente por esse nível ter mais detalhes, maior aprofundamento de conceitos, ser mais abstrato e, portanto, não ser natural para os estudantes. Adicionalmente, o tempo de aprendizagem e de modelagem revelou-se diferente para os grupos, o que sugere aos professores considerarem isso no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Finalmente, os resultados parecem apontar também que as habilidades metavisuais e as conexões entre os níveis representacionais podem estar associados a melhores aprendizados e que, muitas vezes, é necessária a utilização de diversas representações e de um tempo maior para que os alunos consigam evoluir. Vale ressaltar que o assunto ainda é pouco pesquisado, se comparado a outros temas e, sendo assim, recomendam-se mais pesquisas sobre as estratégias metacognitivas no ensino de ciências e de química, em que as suas contribuições, no aprendizado dos alunos, possam ser mais investigadas.

An exercises editor for an e-learning environment

One of the most important tenets of e-learning is that it bridges work and learning. A great e-learning experience brings learning into the work environment. This is a key point, the capacity to construct a work environment when the student can develop proper tasks to complete the learning process. This paper describes a work environment based on the development of two tools, an exercises editor and an exercises viewer. Both tools are able to manage color images where, because of the implementation of basic steganographic techniques, it is possible to add information, exercises, questions, and so on. The exercises editor allows to decide which information must be visible or remain hidden to the user, when the image is loaded in the exercises viewer. Therefore, it is possible to hide the solutions of the proposed tasks; this is very useful to complete a self-evaluation learning process. These tools constitute a learning architecture with the final objective that learners can apply and practice new concepts or skills.

Towards a new proposal to evaluate the learning objects quality in learning strategies for education (QEES)

In Computer Science world several proposals have been developed for the assessment of the quality of the digital objects, based on the capabilities and facilities offered by current technologies and the available resources. Years ago researchers and specialists from both educational and technological areas have been committed to the development of strategies that improve the quality of education. At present, in the field of teaching-learning, another important aspect is the need to improve the manner of gaining knowledge and learning in education, which the use of learning strategies is a major advance in the teaching-learning process in institutions of higher education. This paper presents QEES, a proposal for evaluating the quality of the learning objects employed on learning strategies to support students during their education processes by using information extraction techniques and ontologies.

An explanatory model of academic achievement based on aptitudes, goal orientations, self-concept and learning strategies

As a result of studies examining factors involved in the learning process, various structural models have been developed to explain the direct and indirect effects that occur between the variables in these models. The objective was to evaluate a structural model of cognitive and motivational variables predicting academic achievement, including general intelligence, academic self-concept, goal orientations, effort and learning strategies. The sample comprised of 341 Spanish students in the first year of compulsory secondary education. Different tests and questionnaires were used to evaluate each variable, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to contrast the relationships of the initial model. The model proposed had a satisfactory fit, and all the hypothesised relationships were significant. General intelligence was the variable most able to explain academic achievement. Also important was the direct influence of academic self-concept on achievement, goal orientations and effort, as well as the mediating ability of effort and learning strategies between academic goals and final achievement.

Mentors’ implication in clinical learning and assessment of nursing students

Nursing Education in Europe is regulated by law from 2005. Clinical learning comprises at least 50% of the total degree program in nursing. It is necessary rely on professionals nurses involved in the learning process and skills development assessment. The level of implication in learning processes of these professional nurses is very important to ensure good results.

Development and psychometric testing of the clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher evaluation scale (CLES+T): The Spanish version

Background: The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate the quality of the clinical learning process in international nursing education contexts. Objectives: This paper reports the development and psychometric testing of the Spanish version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale. Design: Cross-sectional validation study of the scale. Setting: 10 public and private hospitals in the Alicante area, and the Faculty of Health Sciences (University of Alicante, Spain). Participants: 370 student nurses on clinical placement (January 2011–March 2012). Methods: The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale was translated using the modified direct translation method. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18 and AMOS 18.0.0 software. A multivariate analysis was conducted in order to assess construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate instrument reliability. Results: An exploratory factorial analysis identified the five dimensions from the original version, and explained 66.4% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure of the Spanish version of the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale was .95, ranging from .80 to .97 for the subscales. Conclusion: This version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for use as an assessment scale in Spanish-speaking countries.

A "Know-How vs. Know-What" Approach in the Teaching-Learning of Competences in Physical Chemistry

The methodological approach a teacher uses in the competence teaching-learning process determines the way students learn. Knowledge can be acquired from a series of perspectives, mainly: “know-what” (concept), where facts and descriptions of (natural or social) phenomena are pursued; “know-how” (procedure), where methods and procedures for their application are described; and “know-why” (competence), where general principles and laws that explain both the facts and their applications are sought. As all the three cases are interconnected, the boundaries between them are not fully clear and their application uses shared elements. In any case, the depth of student’s acquired competences will be directly affected by the teaching-learning perspective, traditionally aiming to a “know-why” approach for full competence acquisition. In this work, we discuss a suitable teaching-learning methodology for evaluating whether a “know-how”, “know-what” or combined approach seems better for enhancing competence learning in students. We exemplify the method using a selection of formative activities from the Physical Chemistry area in the Grades of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.

Computer Networks Virtualization with GNS3: Evaluating a solution to optimize resources and achieve a distance learning

Designing educational resources allow students to modify their learning process. In particular, on-line and downloadable educational resources have been successfully used in engineering education the last years [1]. Usually, these resources are free and accessible from web. In addition, they are designed and developed by lecturers and used by their students. But, they are rarely developed by students in order to be used by other students. In this work-in-progress, lecturers and students are working together to implement educational resources, which can be used by students to improve the learning process of computer networks subject in engineering studies. In particular, network topologies to model LAN (Local Area Network) and MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) are virtualized in order to simulate the behavior of the links and nodes when they are interconnected with different physical and logical design.

Record of undergraduates’ activities in virtual learning environments

Virtual learning environments (VLEs) have witnessed a high evolution, namely regarding their potentialities, the tools and the activities they provide. VLEs enable us to access large quantities of data resulting from both students and teachers’ activities developed in those environments. Monitoring undergraduates’ activities in VLEs is important as it allows us to showcase, in a structured way, a number of indicators which may be taken into account to understand the learning process more deeply and to propose improvements in the teaching and learning strategies as well as in the institution’s virtual environment. Although VLEs provide several data sectorial statistics, they do not provide knowledge regarding the institution’s evolution. Therefore, we consider the analysis of the activity logs in VLEs over a period of five years to be paramount. This paper focuses on the analysis of the activities developed by students in a virtual learning environment, from a sample of undergraduate students, approximately 7000 per year, over a period of five academic years, namely from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014. The main aims of this research work are to assess the evolution of activity logs in the virtual learning environment of a Portuguese public higher education institution, in order to fill possible gaps and to hold out the prospect of new forms of use of the environment. The results obtained from the data analysis show that overall, the number of accesses to the virtual learning environment increased over the five years under study. The most used tools were Resources, Messages and Assignments. The most frequent activities developed with these tools were respectively consulting information, sending messages and submitting assignments. The frequency of accesses to the virtual learning environment was characterized according to the number of accesses in the activity log. The data distribution was divided into five frequency categories named very low, low, moderate, high and very high, determined by the percentiles 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100, respectively. The study of activity logs of virtual learning environments is important not only because they provide real knowledge of the use that undergraduates make of these environments, but also because of the possibilities they create regarding the identification of a need for new pedagogical approaches or a reinforcement of previously consolidated approaches.

Prática de ensino supervisionada em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

O trabalho que aqui apresentamos incide sobre a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada [PES], integrada no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Temos como finalidade refletir sobre a ação desenvolvida ao longo dos estágios profissionalizantes que se realizaram em contexto de Educação Pré-Escolar [EPE], num grupo vertical com 25 crianças de 3, 4 e 5 anos de idade e, em contexto de 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico [1.º CEB], numa turma de 1.º ano de escolaridade, com 20 crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade. No decorrer da nossa ação educativa tivemos em consideração o desenvolvimento integral da criança e promovemos uma pedagogia de participação que valorizava a criança e a sua ação, através de uma linha pedagógica integradora, em que articulamos os saberes das diversas áreas de conteúdo e disciplinares. Ao integrarmos os jogos na ação pedagógica, conseguimos relacioná-los com a problemática da nossa pesquisa e responder à questão norteadora deste trabalho: Quais as implicações dos jogos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e nas relações das crianças na Educação Pré-Escolar e do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico? O estudo enquadra-se, essencialmente, numa abordagem qualitativa onde utilizamos como principais técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados a observação participante e naturalista, grelhas de observação, notas de campo, registo fotográfico e áudio e, entrevista à educadora e professora cooperantes. Em termos de resultados pensamos poder concluir que em ambos os contextos, o jogo foi uma boa estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem, visto que houve grande entusiasmo, envolvimento e interesse por parte das crianças, incentivando-as na aprendizagem dos diferentes conteúdos. Podemos ainda aferir que o jogo favoreceu positivamente as interações e relações das crianças.

Experiências de aprendizagem cooperativa numa turma de ensino profissional da Região Autónoma da Madeira

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

A diversidade cultural e as suas implicações no processo de ensino e aprendizagem : como integrar a diversidade na educação de infância

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de Educação pré-escolar

RESEARCHING SITUATED LEARNING AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICE FOR COLLEGE ACCESS PRACTITIONERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COLLEGE ASSISTANCE MIGRANT PROGRAM

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-03

From a Vicious Circle of Anxiety to a Virtuous Circle of Learning: Experience of Teaching to a Heterogenous Clientele

A considerable body of literature suggests that significant psychological barrier and anxiety characterize the teaching and learning process in statistics. This study investigates the incidence of statistics anxiety, the extent to which it can be overcome and the factors that contribute to the process of overcoming it. Self-study and overall teaching quality, amongst others, significantly contributed to this outcome. This study identifies factors contributing to overall teaching quality. The teaching and learning process typified a highly effective communication mechanism based on an appropriate diagnosis of individual needs. This cumulative change resulted from circular causation. It is argued that given appropriate conditions the vicious circle of anxiety can be transformed into a virtuous circle of learning.