Proposta di traduzione delle sonorità nella poesia per bambini in Brasile nei testi di Sônia Barros, Cecília Meireles, José Paulo Paes e Ruy Proença

In questo elaborato, articolato in quattro sezioni principali, propongo la traduzione di poesie per l’infanzia scritte dagli autori brasiliani Sônia Barros, Cecília Meireles, José Paulo Paes e Ruy Proença, con attenzione particolare alla riproduzione delle sonorità originali. Nella prima sezione, presento un excursus riassuntivo della storia della letteratura brasiliana. Al fine di creare dei riferimenti cronologici e culturali per il lettore dell’elaborato, fornisco nozioni sulla nascita e lo sviluppo della letteratura in Brasile dalle origini fino ai giorni nostri, dando informazioni relative ad autori, opere e correnti letterarie e, quando necessario, citando avvenimenti storici particolarmente importanti. Accanto a questa contestualizzazione più generica, i paragrafi presentano approfondimenti sull’evoluzione che la letteratura dedicata all’infanzia ha avuto in Brasile attraverso i secoli. La seconda sezione si concentra sugli autori delle poesie tradotte, ovvero Sônia Barros, Cecília Meireles, José Paulo Paes e Ruy Proença. Per ognuno di essi riporto le notizie biografiche più importanti, le tappe della carriera letteraria, la linea di pensiero e di scrittura che li caratterizza maggiormente e i titoli delle loro opere più famose. Successivamente troviamo la sezione dedicata al lavoro di traduzione. Ognuna delle tredici poesie è presentata a fianco della propria traduzione, così da poter cogliere già a un primo sguardo le peculiarità che caratterizzano l’originale e versione italiana da me proposta. Infine, l’ultima sezione dell’elaborato riguarda il commento della traduzione. In questa parte motivo l’atteggiamento traduttivo tenuto nei confronti dei testi, cosciente delle peculiarità del genere poesia e in particolare di quella rivolta a un pubblico di giovanissimi. In seguito, analizzo dettagliatamente quali sono stati i problemi riscontrati durante il mio lavoro e le strategie che ho adottato per superarli.

Flash in the Pan: Cross-Class Cooperation in 1916 Iron Range Strike

In the Iron Range Strike of 1916, working-class wives picketed alongside their husbands in a conflict-ridden and dangerous setting. Mine deputies abused immigrant women on the picket lines and in their homes, with several disquieting reports receiving statewide attention in Minnesota. Many middle-class reformers in the Twin Cities grew sympathetic to the plight of northern mining families and became controversially involved the labor struggle. Some middleclass women worked alongside working-class wives and radical organizers from the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). At the center of this gendered analysis is the cross-class cooperation between an upper-middle class woman, Lenora Austin Hamlin, a radical reformer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, and the story of a working-class housewife, Mikla Masonovich. This study will ask how authentic, prevalent, and unproblematic their stories of cross-class cohesive action actually were. In answering this, it will address and identify those factors that impeded women’s potential for unity. “Flash in the Pan” argues that as a result of both real and perceived differences, these networks of women remained isolated, inhibiting each from gaining sufficient power to work cohesively, and marginalizing their influence. Drawing upon a variety of sources, including media representations in newspapers, and archives of social, labor and women’s organizations, this regional study lends state-level insight into the larger gender-labor historiography.

THE FANNED FLAMES OF DISCONTENT: A SOLIDARITY-INSPIRED HISTORY OF THE IDENTITY/IDEOLOGY, CULTURAL HISTORY, AND RHETORICAL STRATEGIES OF THE WOBBLIES DURING THE 1916 MINNESOTA IRON ORE STRIKE

Rooted in critical scholarship this dissertation is an interdisciplinary study, which contends that having a history is a basic human right. Advocating a newly conceived and termed, Solidarity-inspired History framework/practice perspective, the dissertation argues for and then delivers a restorative voice to working-class historical actors during the 1916 Minnesota Iron Ore Strike. Utilizing an interdisciplinary methodological framework the dissertation combines research methods from the Humanities and the Social Sciences to form a working-class history that is a corrective to standardized studies of labor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Oftentimes class interests and power relationships determine the dominant perspectives or voices established in history and disregard people and organizations that run counter to, or in the face of, customary or traditional American themes of patriotism, the Protestant work ethic, adherence to capitalist dogma, or United States exceptionalism. This dissertation counteracts these traditional narratives with a unique, perhaps even revolutionary, examination of the 1916 Minnesota Iron Ore Strike. The intention of this dissertation's critical perspective is to poke, prod, and prompt academics, historians, and the general public to rethink, and then think again, about the place of those who have been dislocated from or altogether forgotten, misplaced, or underrepresented in the historical record. Thus, the purpose of the dissertation is to give voice to historical actors in the dismembered past. Historical actors who have run counter to traditional American narratives often have their body of "evidence" disjointed or completely dislocated from the story of our nation. This type of disremembering creates an artificial recollection of our collective past, which de-articulates past struggles from contemporary groups seeking solidarity and social justice in the present. Class-conscious actors, immigrants, women, the GLBTQ community, and people of color have the right to be remembered on their own terms using primary sources and resources they produced. Therefore, similar to the Wobblies industrial union and its rank-and-file, this dissertation seeks to fan the flames of discontented historical memory by offering a working-class perspective of the 1916 Strike that seeks to interpret the actions, events, people, and places of the strike anew, thus restoring the voices of these marginalized historical actors.

Das Israelitische Vorschuss-Institut in Hamburg 186 - 1916

von N. M. Nathan