463 resultados para BLINDNESS


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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de tracoma em escolares de Botucatu/SP-Brasil e a distribuição espacial dos casos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, em crianças de 7-14 anos, que frequentavam as escolas do ensino fundamental de Botucatu/SP, em novembro/2005. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado em 2.092 crianças, considerando-se a prevalência histórica de 11,2%, aceitando-se erro de estimação de 10% e nível de confiança de 95%. A amostra foi probabilística, ponderada e acrescida de 20%, devido à possível ocorrência de perdas. Examinaram-se 2.692 crianças. O diagnóstico foi clínico, baseado na normatização da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Para avaliação dos dados espaciais, utilizou-se o programa CartaLinx (v1.2), sendo os setores de demanda escolar digitalizados de acordo com as divisões do planejamento da Secretaria de Educação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, sendo a análise da estrutura espacial dos eventos calculadas usando o programa Geoda. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tracoma nos escolares de Botucatu foi de 2,9%, tendo sido detectados casos de tracoma folicular. A análise exploratória espacial não permitiu rejeitar a hipótese nula de aleatoriedade (I= -0,45, p>0,05), não havendo setores de demanda significativos. A análise feita para os polígonos de Thiessen também mostrou que o padrão global foi aleatório (I= -0,07; p=0,49). Entretanto, os indicadores locais apontaram um agrupamento do tipo baixo-baixo para um polígono ao norte da área urbana. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de tracoma em escolares de Botucatu foi de 2,9%. A análise da distribuição espacial não revelou áreas de maior aglomeração de casos. Embora o padrão global da doença não reproduza as condições socioeconômicas da população, a prevalência mais baixa do tracoma foi encontrada em setores de menor vulnerabilidade social.

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Este trabalho relata o primeiro caso de cenurose no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Essa doença é causada por estágios larvais de Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780). O animal no qual foi diagnosticado, tinha cerca de 18 meses de idade, oriundo de uma área endêmica no Sul do Brasil, integrante de um grupo de 30 ovinos importados para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O quadro clínico-patológico apresentado é aquele comumente descrito para herbívoros, infectados com o agente, especialmente ovinos. Os sinais clínicos relatados foram: apatia, nistagmo, cegueira intermitente, andar em círculos e pressão da cabeça contra obstáculos. Na necropsia foi observada uma lesão, no subcórtex do hemisfério cerebral direito, caracterizada por um cisto em forma de vesícula, medindo 4 cm de diâmetro, e seu interior preenchido por líquido translúcido com grande número de pequenas esferas brancas, identificadas como protoscolices. Os protoscolices foram identificados como Coenurus cerebralis, e os tecidos do cérebro submetidos complementarmente a exames histopatológicos para descrição da lesão.

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Nineteen bovines of both sexes aging from 5 month-old to 5 year-old, were referred to a veterinary hospital. Clinical signs were observed from 6 hours to 10 days before. Thirteen animals were found in permanent lateral recumbency, five showed motor incoordination, 15 were exclusively fed on grass pasture, three showed partial loss of visual acuity, 14 were blindness, 16 showed presence of normal pupillary reflex, 16 decreased ruminal motility, 14 decreased sensorium (depression, semicoma or coma) and eight showed opisthotonos. Dehydration and dried feces were directly related to the time of evolution of the process. All the animals were administrated vitamin B1 and showed a marked improvement of the clinical status within 4 to 48 hours after treatment. The longer the time between the onset of the clinical signs and treatment, the greater the delay for the restoration of the vision. The treatment was very effective for a rapid response of the animal.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not blind children perseverate during a modified Piagetian A-not-B reaching task, with conditions that employ luminous AB targets and acoustic AB targets. Ten congenitally blind children, ages 1-4 years, with residual vision for light, took part in this study. Behavioral and kinematic data were computed for participants' reaches, performed in six A trials and in two B trials, in both stimulus conditions. All of the children perseverated in the luminous condition, and none of them perseverated in the condition using acoustic targets. The children tilted their heads in the direction of the target as they reached towards it. However, this coupling action (head-reaching) occurred predominantly in the A trials in the acoustic condition. In the luminous condition, in contrast to the acoustic condition, the children took longer times to initiate the reaching movement. Also, in the luminous condition, the children explored the target surroundings, unlike the acoustic condition, in which they reached straight ahead. For these blind children, sound was more relevant to reaching than was the luminous stimulus. The luminous input caused perseveration in congenitally blind children in a similar way that has been reported in the literature for typically-developing, sighted infants, ages 8-12 months, performing A-not-B tasks with visual inputs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar se um programa de navegação pode ajudar indivíduos com deficiência visual a melhorar a acurácia na orientação dinâmica. Nove participantes com deficiência visual retornaram a um ponto de partida após percorrer rotas em linha reta e triangular. Pré e pós-avaliações foram feitas entre um período de 4 meses, durante o qual o treinamento com navegação foi realizado. Entre pré e pós-teste, erros relativos de desvios angulares (ERDA) foram diferentes apenas na tarefa em linha reta. O valor de ERDA foi maior na tarefa em linha reta possivelmente por causa da magnitude do giro inicial antes de retornar ao ponto de partida (i.e., 180º) em contraste com a tarefa triângulo (i.e., 45º). Conclui-se que, em tarefas de orientação, os erros no desvio angular dependem da amplitude do giro inicial ao retornar para o ponto de partida. Ainda, a acurácia na manutenção da direção é influenciada por um treinamento específico com navegação.

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O glaucoma é uma doença grave que acomete humanos e animais, levando à degeneração de estruturas nervosas e à perda progressiva da visão. Vários eventos estão relacionados à fisiopatologia do glaucoma, como o aumento da pressão intra-ocular, o aumento nos níveis de glutamato intra-celular e a diminuição do fluxo axoplasmático. Fármacos recentemente disponíveis no mercado, aliados às novas técnicas cirúrgicas, suscitam perspectivas mais eficazes para o controle do glaucoma e aq preservação da visão.

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O glaucoma mantém-se como uma das principais causas de cegueira em pacientes humanos e entre os animais domésticos. No curso da sua patogênese, ocorre aumento da pressão intra-ocular e morte de células retinianas, cujo início pode ser precoce. Fármacos vêm sendo desenvolvidos visando a se obter o controle da pressão intra-ocular e a proteger as células retinianas da apoptose e morte. O presente artigo revisa a farmacologia, as indicações e os efeitos adversos das principais substâncias utilizadas topicamente no tratamento do glaucoma em cães, além de discutir as técnicas cirúrgicas contemporâneas que passam melhor se adequar ao seu controle.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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We present 6 patients with ocular involvement due to paracoccidioidomycosis. All cases were confirmed by the finding of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in histopathological or direct mycologic examination of material from the lesion in the eyelid or conjunctiva. In two cases the bulbar conjunctiva was also involved, in another the cornea, and still another patient developed endophthalmitis. The presence of this mutilating disease which may lead to blindness should be suspected when chronic blepharitis or palpebral ulcerated papular lesions are detected in patients from endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis. This etiology should also be suspected in patients with anterior and posterior uveitis after discarding the most frequent causes of this condition. © 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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This report describes clinical and pathological findings in 2 flocks in Brazil where blindness and deaths in sheep occurred after closantel overdosage. Depression, weakness, and blindness affected 37 animals and 17 died in 2 flocks of 190 animals. Two animals submitted for ophthalmic examination showed no inflammation in the anterior segment of both eyes; posterior segment evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy suggested retinal degeneration. One postmortem evaluation local spongy vacuolization was in several regions of the brain and the optical nerves had severe axonal degeneration.

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Study model: observacional, retrospective. Objective: to determine the frequence of the ametropic errors and other ocular problems in children with 2 to 8 year-old at Piracicaba - SP. Patients and Method: During the school year of 2000, 1001 children enrolled at the public schools of Piracicaba - SP, age ranged from 2 to 8 years old, were referred to complete ophthalmological exam. Visual acuity was previously determined using Snellen chart, applied by school teachers. Those children presenting visual acuity equal or less than 0.8, visual complaints or visual disorders were selected to appointment. Results: 51 children (5.09%) did not attended to examination. 950 children were submitted to complete ophthalmological exam. Ametropic errors were found 70.84% of the children. The most prevalent refractive errors were Hypermetropic Astigmatism (49.62%) and Hypermetropia (32,98%). Anisometropia was found in 1.78% children. Other ocular disabilities accounted for 10.21% of the examined children, such as strabismus (3.36%), eyelid changes, allergic conjunctivitis, congenital dacryostenosis, optic atrophy, corioretinitis and congenital glaucoma. Conclusion: The frequence of ocular problems observed let us to conclude the screening programs are valid surveys on decreasing rates of preventable blindness in our country.

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The ocular losses are embarrassing to the bearer because they commit the face which has the essential organs for the human relationship. The present study shows the multidiscipline interaction in the treatment of a child who lost his left eye victim of a fire gun and needed an ocular plastic surgery for a correct prosthesis insertion. The ocular prosthesis fills in the ocular cavity simulating the facial growth and restoring its symmetry. Therefore, there are aesthetics, anatomic and physiological improvement on the child's face that allows her to be reinstated in society without being discriminated for her differences. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of cicatricial trachoma in a population-based sample at Botucatu city-Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with randomized clustered sampling of households was conducted in the urban area of the city of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The sample was estimated in 3000 person having been appraised 2554 patient (85,1% of the intended sample) from which 2339 had more than 10 year old at the research time. All the participants were submitted to ophthalmologic examination and the data were statistical analyzed. Results: Three cicatricial trachoma carriers were detected. So, the prevalence of this affection is Botucatu city is 0,13%, affecting mainly over 40'th and having trichiasis. Conclusion: Nevertheless the low prevalence rate of cicatricial trachoma in our region, to prevent trachoma blindness is the cicatrical form of the disease is very important to treat the trichiasis.

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Purpose: To analyze the conditions, consequences and risks of self-medication in patients attended in ophthalmology emergency room at Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu (UNESP). Methods: Sixty patients who had used any form of self-medication were studied according: age, sex, professional activity, mainly complain, visual acuity (best-corrected vision), who administrated the self-medication (friends/parents, pharmacy clerk, advertisement, or the person himself), sort of medication or product used (eyedrops/ointments/contact lenses), cost (R$), time expenditure to medical attention, ocular complications, risk of visual loss and final diagnose. Results: The majority of patients with self-medication were male (72%). The mean age was 40,9 years (7-77 years). Patients usually used eyedrops that they had at home and delayed 3 days to the first medical evaluation. The most frequently kind of topical eyedrop used was vasoconstrictor (17%). However, many patients even knew what kind of medication they had dropped in their eyes (21%). The great majority of the patients (68%) were exposed to the risk of visual loss. According to our results, self-medication may cause visual complications in 12% of patients, in which, 42% was related to the contact lenses fit without ophthalmologic assistance. Conclusion: The majory of the patients used medication that they had in home. The topical vasoconstrictor was the most frequently used drug, however, they did not know which medication were dropping in their eyes (21%).