Validation française d'un questionnaire de stress post-traumatique destiné aux parents d'enfants présentant un risque périnatal élevé = French validation of the "Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire" assessing parent's posttraumatic stress reactions following the birth of a high risk infant.

(from the journal abstract) Objectives: The birth of a high risk infant--such as a very or extremely premature infant--can represent an important traumatic experience for parents. R. DeMier, M. Hynan et al's "Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire" aims at exploring, retrospectively, parent's posttraumatic stress reactions following the birth of a high risk infant. This paper describes the French validation of this questionnaire. Methods: Fifty-two families with a very or extremely premature infant and 25 families with a full term infant responded to the "Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire" and the "Impact of Event Scale" when children were 18 months old. Results: Parents of high risk infants can present posttraumatic stress reactions such as intrusion, avoidance or arousal symptoms. The French version of the "Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire" has satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: As posttraumatic reactions are not directly related to objective descriptions of the stressful event, it may be essential to the liaison child psychiatrist to consider individual posttraumatic reactions in order to optimise preventive intervention with the parents. A questionnaire should not replace a clinical interview, however it may represent a useful screening tool. Also, this questionnaire should be useful for research purposes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)

Implementing the intermed in a post-acute care rehabilitation clinic for traumatic injuries: Obstacles and benefits

In 2003, the INTERMED, an instrument to assess biopsycho- social case complexity and to direct care, was introduced in daily clinical practice in the .Clinique romande de réadaptation suvaCare., a national rehabilitation hospital for traumatic injuries, located in the French speaking part of Switzerland. The introduction of the INTERMED was easy to realize and no major obstacles hampered its systematic implementation. Up to now, about 2,000 patients have been evaluated with the INTERMED and are followed for different outcomes. The INTERMED improved not only patients. assessment by including relevant psychosocial aspects of the clinical situation, it also favoured interdisciplinary communication, enhanced work satisfaction of the nursing staff and allowed early identification and adaptation of treatment for the injured patient showing a high degree of case complexity. Upon follow up, patients with a high degree of case-complexity showed a less favourable outcome, i.e. more health care utilization and lower rates of return to work. In conclusion, the systematic implementation of the INTERMED enabled the reorganization of medical rehabilitation, anchored it in a bio-psycho-social framework, improving interdisciplinary communication and collaboration and ameliorated treatment outcome.

Parental post-traumatic reactions after premature birth: implications for sleeping and eating problems in the infant.

BACKGROUND: Progress in perinatal medicine has made it possible to increase the survival of very or extremely low birthweight infants. Developmental outcomes of surviving preterm infants have been analysed at the paediatric, neurological, cognitive, and behavioural levels, and a series of perinatal and environmental risk factors have been identified. The threat to the child's survival and invasive medical procedures can be very traumatic for the parents. Few empirical reports have considered post-traumatic stress reactions of the parents as a possible variable affecting a child's outcome. Some studies have described sleeping and eating problems as related to prematurity; these problems are especially critical for the parents. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of post-traumatic reactions of the parents on sleeping and eating problems of the children. DESIGN: Fifty families with a premature infant (25-33 gestation weeks) and a control group of 25 families with a full term infant participated in the study. Perinatal risks were evaluated during the hospital stay. Mothers and fathers were interviewed when their children were 18 months old about the child's problems and filled in a perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (PPQ). RESULTS: The severity of the perinatal risks only partly predicts a child's problems. Independently of the perinatal risks, the intensity of the post-traumatic reactions of the parents is an important predictor of these problems. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the parental response to premature birth mediates the risks of later adverse outcomes. Preventive intervention should be promoted.

La Obra de Cayetano Garviso: 1807- post. 1871: cirujano vasco-navarro liberal en América

L'autor d'aquest llibre dona a conèixer alguns aspectes de l'exercici de la medicina en la dècada de 1840 a la zona del Río de la Plata, a partir de la figura del metge basc-navarrés Cayetano Garviso, cirurgià que emigrà a Argentina durant la Primera Guerra Carlista. Ara bé, tot i que aquest personatge es va moure per bona part de Sudamèrica, el treball es centra en la part de la seva biografia i el seu exercici professional desenvolupada a Espanya, Montevideo i Buenos Aires.

Statewide Process and Comparative Outcomes Study of 2003 Iowa Adult and Juvenile Drug Courts, August 2009

A statewide evaluation of the six adult and three juvenile drug courts in operation during calendar year 2003 was conducted. Completion rates, recidivism, substance abuse treatment, and supervision and placement (juveniles only) costs were examined by model (Judge and Community Panel) and by Judicial District. In addition, adult drug court participants were compared with a group of offenders who were screened and declined or were rejected by drug court in 2003 (referred) and a sample of offenders starting probation in 2003 (probationer). The adult participant and comparison groups were tracked from their entry into drug court, or the study, through December 31, 2007. This yielded an average post-program follow-up time of almost 3 years (2.9) for drug court participants. For the juvenile portion, drug court participants were compared with a group matched on several demographic and offense variables (Matched Comparison group) and juveniles referred to drug court who did not enter the program (Referred Comparison group). The juvenile participant and comparison groups were tracked from their entry into drug court, or the study, through approximately 16 quarters after program discharge with an end date of December 31, 2007.

Performance and hormonal profile in broiler chickens fed with different energy levels during post restriction period

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of diet energy level on performance and hormonal profiles of broilers during post restriction period. It was a split-plot experiment, and the main treatments were in a 2x2 factorial scheme. Birds were fed restricted to 30% of the ad libitum intake, from 7 to 14 days of age. After the restriction period, birds were fed ad libitum with diets containing low (2,900 kcal ME/kg) or high (3,200 kcal ME/kg) energy until 49 days of age. Broilers fed with high energy ration showed lower feed intake and better feed conversion and decreased carcass protein; however, abdominal fat pad, and total carcass fat were not affected by ration energy levels or feeding program. Neither diet energy level nor feed restriction program changed body weight at 49 days. The profile of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was reduced during the feed restriction period, but increased at refeeding period. Feeding program and ration energy level did not affect T3, T4 and growth hormone serum concentrations. Feed restriction at 30% of ad libitum intake is not enough to promote changes on carcass quality, related to fat deposition, and on metabolic hormone levels, except IGF-1 seric level that has rapid increase after feed restriction.

Coma post-anoxique après arrêt cardiaque et hypothermie, peut-on encore prédire le pronostic en 2014 ?

L'encéphalopathie post-anoxique après arrêt cardiaque (AC) est une cause féquente d'admission pour coma en réanimation. Depuis les recommandations de 2003, l'hypothermie thérapeutique (HT) est devenue un standard de traitement après AC et est à l'origine de l'amélioration du pronostic au cours de cette derniere décennie. Les élements prédicteurs de pronostic validés par l'Académie Américaine de Neurologie avant l'ère de l'HT sont devenus moins précis. En effet, l'HT et la sédation retardent la reprise de la réponse motrice et peuvent altérer la valeur prédictive des réflexes du tronc cérébral. Une nouvelle approche est nécessaire pour établir un pronostic après AC et HT. L'enregistrement (pendant l'HTou peu après) d'une activité électroencéphalographique réactive et/ou continue est un bon prédicteur de récupération neurologique favorable après AC. Au contraire, la présence d'un tracé non réactif ou discontinu de type burst-suppression, avec une réponse N20 absente bilatérale aux potentiels évoqués somatosensoriels, sont presqu'à 100 % prédictifs d'un coma irréversible déjà à 48 heures après AC. L'HT modifie aussi la valeur prédictive de l'énolase neuronale spécifique (NSE), principal biomarqueur sérique de la lésion cérébrale post-anoxique. Un réveil avec bonne récupération neurologique a été récemment observé par plusieurs groupes chez des patients présentant des valeurs de NSE>33 μg/L à 48-72 heures : ce seuil ne doit pas être utilisé seul pour guider le traitement. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion peut aider à prédire les séquelles neurologiques à long terme. Un réveil chez les patients en coma post-anoxique est de plus en plus observé, malgré l'absence précoce de signes moteurs et une élévation franche des biomarqueurs neuronaux. En 2014, une nouvelle approche multimodale du pronostic est donc nécessaire, pour optimiser la prédiction d'une évolution clinique favorable après AC. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest (CA) is a frequent cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Incorporated in all recent guidelines, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become a standard of care and has contributed to improve prognosis after CA during the past decade. The accuracy of prognostic predictors validated in 2006 by the American Academy of Neurology before the era of TH is less accurate. Indeed, TH and sedation may delay the recovery of motor response and alter the predictive value of brainstem reflexes. A new approach is needed to accurately establish prognosis after CA and TH. A reactive and/or continuous electroencephalogram background (during TH or shortly thereafter) strongly predicts good outcome. On the contrary, unreactive/spontaneous burst-suppression electroencephalogram pattern, together with absent N20 on somatosensory evoked potentials, is almost 100% predictive of irreversible coma. TH also affects the predictive value of neuronspecific enolase (NSE), the main serum biomarker of postanoxic injury. A good outcome can occur despite NSE levels >33 μg/L, so this cutoff value should not be used alone to guide treatment. Diffusion magnetic resonance imagery may help predict long-term neurological sequelae. Awakening from postanoxic coma is increasingly observed, despite the absence of early motor signs and pathological elevation of NSE. In 2014, a multimodal approach to prognosis is recommended to optimize the prediction of outcome after CA.

Exserohilum rostratum patógeno de Caryota mitis en Argentina

Caryota mitis Loureiro (Arecaceae), es cultivada en Argentina como planta ornamental con fines comerciales. En el año 2003, muestras procedentes de la localidad de Castelli, provincia del Chaco, Argentina, presentaban atizonamiento de los ápices de las hojas, deteriorándolas considerablemente. Mediante métodos comunes de laboratorio se aisló un hongo Dematiaceae relacionado con los síntomas observados. Con base en las características culturales, morfométricas, pruebas de patogenicidad con resultados positivos, el agente causal fue identificado como Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs. Esta es la primera información de E. rostratum afectando a C. mitis en Argentina.

Main diseases of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) in central Argentina

Argentina's central region includes an important area covered by shallow pampean lakes and dams. In these environments, fishing of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis Valenciennes, 1835 (Pisces, Atherinopsidae), the most important fresh-water fish of the country, is a relevant social activity and also a considerable economic resource. The main diseases found in this species were studied from 1992 to 2003 in the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja and Santa Fe (30º and 35º S, 61º and 67º W). Most cases were registered in high temperature months. Lernaea sp and Aeromonas hydrophila were the etiological agents most frequently found. The trophic characteristics of the aquatic environments enhanced disease processes and caused massive death of O. bonariensis, due to complex hydrochemical interactions.

Health management practices and disease prevalence in dairy sheep systems in Argentina

A cross-sectional survey of 19 dairy sheep farms in Argentina was carried out with the purpose to know farm management, health practices, and occurrence and mortality of diseases. The survey comprised 40% of all sheep milking farms in Argentina. A questionnaire was conducted by way of personal interviews with sheep owners during farm visits. The proportions of farms reporting routine vaccination for clostridial diseases, contagious ecthyma, pneumonia and mineral and vitamin parenteral administration were 63%, 47.3%, 16.6% and 42.1% respectively. Regular treatment against lice was used in 37.5% of the farms, and 89.5% o the farmers treated against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). The mean number of GIN drenches per farm was 2.26±1.78 annually. In 68.4% of the milking flocks the California Mastitis Test was regularly done and 55.6% of the farmer managers had sampled their flocks once a year for Brucella ovis antibodies. During the pre-mating period respectively 68.4% and 50% of farmers clinically examined their rams and ewe for general health and teeth condition. The udders of ewes were frequently inspected at the start of each milking period. The most important parasite problems noticed were GIN (reported by 57.9% of farmers), lice (57.9%) and scabies (10.5%) and the most frequent infectious diseases were ecthyma (73.7%), pneumonia and other respiratory problems (57.9%), clinical mastitis (55.6%), clostridial diseases (36.9%) and foot lameness (35.2%). Photosensitivity (47.4%) and ruminal acidosis (42.1%) were reported as other frequent toxic or metabolic disorders. Owners mentioned that the mean lifespan or milk productive time per ewe was 4.5±1.4 years. Perinatal lamb mortality was 8.5% and the total flock mortality rates, above the first 24 h of life was 6.9%. The high rates of lamb mortality during the pre-weaning (10.3%) and post-weaning (5.9%) periods indicate that this problem, as well as the most prevalent diseases, should be the subject of further studies.

Impact of ivermectin-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in feedlot cattle in Argentina

The aim was to evaluate for 75 days the impact on production of the remaining burden of ivermectin (IVM)-resistant parasites in naturally infected feedlot calves. The herds came from tick-infested areas of cattle breeding where the systematic use of IVM to control tick increases the gastrointestinal parasites resistant to this drug. This investigation was carried out in two commercial feedlots in Buenos Aires province. In feedlot A, two groups of 35 animal each received IVM 1% and the other received ricobendazole (RBZ) 10% respectively. The same was done in feedlot B. On day 0, two groups of 35 animals were made in feedlots A and B. Fecal samples were taken on days 0, 22, 54 and 75 pos-treatment (PT), and body weight was registered, from each animal. Fecal samples were processed for individual count of eggs per gram (EPG) and pooled fecal culture was carried out for identification of the parasite genus in each sampling. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECR) was calculated on day 22 PT. The study design used was a totally randomized block, with commercial feedlot and sex as block variables. For data analysis, a mixed model of the SAS statistical program was used. The FECR average on day 22 was 28.4% in the IVM group, and 94,2 % in the RBZ group . From this date on, significant differences in EPG were kept until day 54. EPG counts were only equal near the end of the trial, on day 75 (p=0.16). In both commercial feedlots, especially in the IVM group, Cooperia spp. was the most prevalent parasite in the fecal cultures. Significant differences in weight (P<0.01) on post-treatment day 75 was found between the average weight in the RBZ and the IVM group (246 vs. 238 kg respectively), what means a difference of 8.3% in gains. The importance for production in the antiparasite failure treatment in commercial feedlots was demonstrated, and the need of pos-treatment controls to evaluate the efficacy of the antiparasitic administered is emphasized.

Late-acting self-incompatibility in Capparis retusa (Capparaceae), a species of Chaco woodland in NE Argentina

The reproductive biology of Capparis retusa was studied by means of controlled pollination experiments and fluorescence microscopy observations of post-pollination events. Self-pollinated flowers mostly failed to form fruits despite the fact that self-pollen tubes grew to the ovary and penetrated ovules within 24 h. Since embryo development to globular stage was observed in some self-fertilized ovules it was concluded that control of self-fertilization in this species occurs by some kind of post-zygotic mechanism.