Iowa Water Pollution Control Works and Drinking Water Facilities Financing Programs (Joint Programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources), Independent Auditor's Reports Financial Statements and Supplemental Information Schedule of Findings, June 30, 2003

State Agency Audit Report

Réunion African Joint Effort (AJE)

Le 23 et 24 octobre 2003, les représentants des sièges sociaux de l'OMS et du BIT ont rencontré d'autres participants dans le cadre de l'effort conjoint OMS/BIT sur la santé

Multiuser detection in a dynamic environment — Part II: Joint user identification and parameter estimation

The problem of jointly estimating the number, the identities, and the data of active users in a time-varying multiuser environment was examined in a companion paper (IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 53, no. 9, September 2007), at whose core was the use of the theory of finite random sets on countable spaces. Here we extend that theory to encompass the more general problem of estimating unknown continuous parameters of the active-user signals. This problem is solved here by applying the theory of random finite sets constructed on hybrid spaces. We doso deriving Bayesian recursions that describe the evolution withtime of a posteriori densities of the unknown parameters and data.Unlike in the above cited paper, wherein one could evaluate theexact multiuser set posterior density, here the continuous-parameter Bayesian recursions do not admit closed-form expressions. To circumvent this difficulty, we develop numerical approximationsfor the receivers that are based on Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)methods (“particle filtering”). Simulation results, referring to acode-divisin multiple-access (CDMA) system, are presented toillustrate the theory.

Concrete Pavement Joint Sawing, Cleaning, and Sealing, November 2004

Proper storage practices are critical to protect materials from intermingling, contamination, or degradation, and to maintain consistent aggregate gradation throughout a project. Concrete Paving Workforce Reference no.3

What is the value of joint processing of pilots and data in block-fading channels?

The spectral efficiency achievable with joint processing of pilot and data symbol observations is compared with that achievable through the conventional (separate) approach of first estimating the channel on the basis of the pilot symbols alone, and subsequently detecting the datasymbols. Studied on the basis of a mutual information lower bound, joint processing is found to provide a non-negligible advantage relative to separate processing, particularly for fast fading. It is shown that, regardless of the fading rate, only a very small number of pilot symbols (at most one per transmit antenna and per channel coherence interval) shouldbe transmitted if joint processing is allowed.

Iowa Water Pollution Control Works and Drinking Water Facilities Financing Programs, (Joint Programs of the Iowa Finance Authority and The Iowa Department of Natural Resources), Independent Auditor's Reports, Financial Statements and Supplemental Information, June 30, 2004

State Audit Reports

When mothers work and fathers care. Joint household fertility decisions in Denmark and Spain

We analyze second birth decisions within the theoretical framework of joint household decision making, comparing two countires that represent the international extremes in terms of women's career behaviour, Denmark and Spain. Using all 8 ECHP panels we apply discrete time estimations of the likelihood of a second birth and show that in Spain, fertility behaviour continues to conform to the classic "Becker model" while in Denmark we identify a radically new behavioral pattern according to which career-women's fertility is conditional of their partners' contribution to care for the children.

Joint determinants of education enrolment and first birth timing in France and West Germany

We examined the reciprocal influence between educational decisions and the timing of first births, using the Family and Fertility Surveys of France and West Germany. Since these two processes are potentially endogenous, we modelled them jointly, using event history models. We hypothesise that the reciprocal impact of educational and fertility careers, as well as the impact of the common determinants of both processes, are gender specific and context specific.The results show a significant endogeneity for women and men in both countries. This endogeneity is stronger for women than for men, while no substantial differences are found between the two countries. Removing this shared and unobserved heterogeneity, the results show a stronger reciprocal impact between the processes for women than for men. A similar impact of being enrolled in education on first birth in both countries is found, while the effect of the birth (and especially of the pregnancy) of the first child on terminating one’s education appeared to be more marked in West Gernany than in France.

FRAX® International Task Force of the 2010 Joint International Society for Clinical Densitometry & International Osteoporosis Foundation Position Development Conference.

Osteoporosis is a serious worldwide epidemic. FRAX® is a web-based tool developed by the Sheffield WHO Collaborating Center team, that integrates clinical risk factors and femoral neck BMD and calculates the 10 year fracture probability in order to help health care professionals identify patients who need treatment. However, only 31 countries have a FRAX® calculator. In the absence of a FRAX® model for a particular country, it has been suggested to use a surrogate country for which the epidemiology of osteoporosis most closely approximates the index country. More specific recommendations for clinicians in these countries are not available. In North America, concerns have also been raised regarding the assumptions used to construct the US ethnic specific FRAX® calculators with respect to the correction factors applied to derive fracture probabilities in Blacks, Asians and Hispanics in comparison to Whites. In addition, questions were raised about calculating fracture risk in other ethnic groups e.g., Native Americans and First Canadians. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) in conjunction with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) assembled an international panel of experts that ultimately developed joint Official Positions of the ISCD and IOF advising clinicians regarding FRAX® usage. As part of the process, the charge of the FRAX® International Task Force was to review and synthesize data regarding geographic and race/ethnic variability in hip fractures, non-hip osteoporotic fractures, and make recommendations about the use of FRAX® in ethnic groups and countries without a FRAX® calculator. This synthesis was presented to the expert panel and constitutes the data on which the subsequent Official Positions are predicated. A summary of the International Task Force composition and charge is presented here.

Evaluation of Transverse Joint Forming Methods for PCC Pavement, January 2006

The members of the Iowa Concrete Paving Association, the National Concrete Pavement Technology Center Research Committee, and the Iowa Highway Research Board commissioned a study to examine alternative ways of developing transverse joints in portland cement concrete pavements. The present study investigated six separate variations of vertical metal strips placed above and below the dowels in conventional baskets. In addition, the study investigated existing patented assemblies and a new assembly developed in Spain and used in Australia. The metal assemblies were placed in a new pavement and allowed to stay in place for 30 days before the Iowa Department of Transportation staff terminated the test by directing the contractor to saw and seal the joints. This report describes the design, construction, testing, and conclusions of the project.

Nivelen passiivinen mobilisaatio jäykän nilkan hoitona

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää passiivisen mobilisaation vaikutusta ylemmän nilkkanivelen liikelaajuuteen ja siinä mahdollisesti esiintyvään kipuun. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli lisätä manuaalisen terapian tunnettuutta yhtenä jalkaterapian hoitomenetelmänä. Tutkimusmenetelmä oli kokeellinen yksittäistapaustutkimus. Tutkimuseen valittiin harkinnanvaraisesti neljä (n=4) henkilöä, joilla oli ainakin toisen ylemmän nilkkanivelen liikelaajuus dorsaalifleksioon alle 10̊. Lisäksi nivelessä saattoi esiintyä kipua. Passiivista mobilisaatiota annettiin kaksi kertaa viikossa kolmen viikon ajan. Perustasonmittaukset suoritettiin neljä kertaa ennen hoitojaksoa kahden viikon aikana ja kolme kertaa seurantajakson (6 viikkoa) aikana kahden viikon välein. Tiedonhankintamenetelminä olivat kysely- ja tutkimuslomake, kivun ja haitan arviointilomake. Ylemmän nilkkanivelen liikelaajuuden mittaus tehtiin Ficherin goniometrillä. Perustasonmittauksissa nilkkanivelten liikelaajuuden vaihtelu oli 3̊̊-14̊ polvi suorana ja polvi koukussa 5̊- 16̊. Kyselyn mukaan kahdella tutkittavalla esiintyi kipua ainakin toisessa ylemmässä nilkkanivelessä. Hoitojakson aikana kaikien tutkittavien liikelaajuus lisääntyi 3̊- 8̊ polvi suorana ja polvi koukussa 2̈̊- 9̊. Kolme henkilöä saavutetti normaalin kävelyn vaativan liikelaajuuden, 10̊ polvi suorana ja 15̊ polvi koukussa. Seurantavaiheessa liikelaajuudet lisääntyivät alkumittauksiin verratuna kolmella henkilöllä. Yhdellä henkilöllä saavutettu liikelaajuus säilyi seurantavaiheen loppuun asti. Mobilisaatio ei vaikuttanut merkittävästi ylemmän nilkkanivelen kipuun. Koska tämä oli yksittäistapaustutkimus ja tutkimusjoukko oli pieni (N=4), tutkimustuloksia ei voida yleistää. Tutkimustulokset ovat kuitenkin lupaavia ja ne antavat viitteen siitä, että passiivisella mobilisaatiolla voidaan lisätä ylemmän nilkkanivelen liikelaajuutta. Tutkimus antaa lisää näyttöä jalkaterapian alaraajoja tukevista hoitomenetelmistä ja erityisesti nivelen passiivisen mobilisaation vaikutuksesta ylemmän nilkkanivelen liikerajoitukseen. Mobilisaatio on tehokas hoitomenetelmä ja hyvä vaihtoehto perinteisille pehmytkudosperäisen jäykän nilkan hoitomuodoille. Tutkimusta ja sen tuloksia voivat hyödyntää kaikki terveysalan ammattilaiset, jotka työssään käyttävät passiivista mobilisaatiota. Tutkimuksen avulla jalkaterapeutit voivat parantaa omaa kriittistä työotettaan, työnsä seurantaa sekä hoitotulosten dokumentointia.

CT arthrography of the glenohumeral joint: CT fluoroscopy versus conventional CT and fluoroscopy--comparison of image-guidance techniques.

PURPOSE: To compare examination time with radiologist time and to measure radiation dose of computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy, conventional CT, and conventional fluoroscopy as guiding modalities for shoulder CT arthrography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glenohumeral injection of contrast material for CT arthrography was performed in 64 consecutive patients (mean age, 32 years; age range, 16-74 years) and was guided with CT fluoroscopy (n = 28), conventional CT (n = 14), or conventional fluoroscopy (n = 22). Room times (arthrography, room change, CT, and total examination times) and radiologist times (time the radiologist spent in the fluoroscopy or CT room) were measured. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni-Dunn posthoc tests were performed for comparison of mean times. Mean effective radiation dose was calculated for each method with examination data, phantom measurements, and standard software. RESULTS: Mean total examination time was 28.0 minutes for CT fluoroscopy, 28.6 minutes for conventional CT, and 29.4 minutes for conventional fluoroscopy; mean radiologist time was 9.9 minutes, 10.5 minutes, and 9.0 minutes, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Mean effective radiation dose was 0.0015 mSv for conventional fluoroscopy (mean, nine sections), 0.22 mSv for CT fluoroscopy (120 kV; 50 mA; mean, 15 sections), and 0.96 mSv for conventional CT (140 kV; 240 mA; mean, six sections). Effective radiation dose can be reduced to 0.18 mSv for conventional CT by changing imaging parameters to 120 kV and 100 mA. Mean effective radiation dose of the diagnostic CT arthrographic examination (140 kV; 240 mA; mean, 25 sections) was 2.4 mSv. CONCLUSION: CT fluoroscopy and conventional CT are valuable alternative modalities for glenohumeral CT arthrography, as examination and radiologist times are not significantly different. CT guidance requires a greater radiation dose than does conventional fluoroscopy, but with adequate parameters CT guidance constitutes approximately 8% of the radiation dose.