957 resultados para Alimentos de origem animal - Adulteração e inspeção


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The traffic of wild animals can be identified as the main cause of finding captive animals in zoos and sorting centers in Brazil. The maintenance of these animals in captivity is usually justified by the prevention of total loss of individuals of that specie, if it becomes extinct in the wild, and also, the importance of these subjects in studies of basic biology of the species. Keeping animals in captivity environment brings the need to ensure the welfare of them. The high population density and limited space are some of the possible stressors that these individuals face in capivity. Even the low pressure feeding and food easily available could be stressors, since they change the budget activities typical of the specie, causing sedentary behavior and sometimes depression. The captive environment and activities related to it (handling, transport, social change and social isolation) could compromise the animal welfare. Reduction in life expectancy, impaired growth and reproduction, personal injury, illness, immunosuppression, exacerbated adrenal activity and abnormal behavior, are events often lonked to compromised welfare. Hence, assessment and promoter methods are used to provide the welfare to captive animals. The assessment can be made by hormonal and/or behavioral measures. Both are extremely important, and usually are used in combination, to provide more tangible results about the condition of the animal. The promotion of animal welfare can be accomplished through environmental enrichment, a technique which aims to provide a more complex and diverse environment, increasing the possibility of the animal express more natural behavior, or characteristic of the species. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is discuss the importance of animal welfare and the ways this can be evaluated and promoted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a crise dos alimentos, bem como seu impacto diferenciado entre os países. Para tanto, inicialmente se analisou a origem e gestação da crise alimentar, bem como todos os fatores causadores e/ou que intensificaram tal crise. Posteriormente, se discutiu o impacto desta crise, sobre a segurança alimentar nos países mais afetados e, por fim, foca-se sobre o pouco impacto da crise no caso do Brasil. Analisa-se, portanto, os meios que fizeram com que o Brasil, diferentemente de outros países, conseguisse passar “ileso” pela crise dos alimentos, com relação à economia e a segurança alimentar

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As explosões de violência que assolam a sociedade humana são noticiadas diariamente pela mídia, e vivenciadas pelos indivíduos. As queixas sobre a disseminação da violência estão espalhadas como areia pelo vento. As manifestações de agressão podem ocorrer por diversos motivos: disputas por território, fama, “status”, para impor dominação, agressividade como forma de alerta, para atingir um objetivo sexual, um instrumento para humilhar e coagir o outro, entre outros tantos e variados motivos. As ciências que se ocupam do estudo das relações humanas abordam o tema, mas devido à complexidade e abrangência de suas manifestações, existem muito mais lacunas do que respostas. A agressividade e violência não são exclusivas da sociedade humana, mas graças ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico, para a humanidade a associação entre estas tendências e a capacidade destrutiva do homem, geralmente, são catastróficas, ameaçando não apenas sua própria espécie, mas tudo ao seu redor. É impossível negar a ancestralidade comum entre o homem e os grandes primatas, chimpanzés, orangotangos, gorilas e bonobos. Intrigante é o fato de encontrar ocorrências de atos violentos semelhantes aos humanos entre eles. Por exemplo, orangotangos cometem estupros, chimpanzés além de surras, atacam de modo mortal indivíduos da mesma espécie, e entre gorilas o infanticídio é um ato banal. Apenas os bonobos fogem deste legado violento, apresentando-se como sociedade pacífica, liderada por fêmeas, onde conflitos são resolvidos pelo ato sexual. Os chimpanzés são extremamente próximos aos humanos, compartilhando mais de 95% da bagagem genética. A diferença entre os chimpanzés e humanos é menor do que a existente entre eles e os gorilas. A agressividade em ambos é algo que chama atenção para o possível legado genético, visto ser uma característica comportamental típica dos animais. No caso do ser humano, este tipo de...

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The beneficial effects derived from the nutritional support in human patients and experimental animal models include the improvement of immune function, repair of wounds, answer to the treatment, time of recovery and survival. In front of these benefits, we end up alienating the nutritional needs of hospitalized patients, especially those with clinical or surgical affections threatening. The objective of the nutritional support is to indicate the importancea and the proportions of energy and nutrients that the patient can use with the maximum effectiveness. The majority of hospitalized patients do not have voluntary food intake adequate to meet even the minimal nutritional needs. It is often perceived that lack of adequate food intake, will have serious impact on the patient’s clinical outcome. The nutritional assessment will help determine which route of feeding will be the safest, most effective and best tolerated by the patient. Diet choice is based on which of the patient’s problems can and should be addressed with nutrition and the feeding access available

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen associated with enteritis in humans, ranging from a mild to bloody diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and even death. Large E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been reported worldwide and are frequently associated with consumption of undercooked beef. Cattle are a major reservoir of the pathogen, which is found in the intestinal tract of the animal. The carcasses can be contaminated with feces during the slaughter and production process. Ground beef remains the most common vehicle. The purpose of this study was to determine the E. coli O157:H7 importance associated to human illness and productivity losses to the meat industry, as well as identifying mechanisms of contamination related to beef and strategies to improve the safety of beef products

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The gastrointestinal tract is the main route of nutrients absorption and drugs delivery. Is important to know the parameters related to the tract, like gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, in order to better understand the behavior of different kind of meals or drugs passing through the GIT. Many techniques are used to study these parameters, such as manometry, scintigraphy, phenol red, activated charcoal and carbon-13 reading. However, these methods use radiation, are invasive and require animal sacrifice. As an alternative proposal, the Alternate Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), a magnetic technique, has proved to be effective for these studies with small animals, in a noninvasive way, low cost, radiation free and avoiding the animal death. Associating the ACB to magnetic micro or nanoparticles used as tracers, it is possible to observe the meal behavior inside of the GIT. Focusing meanly on liquid meals digestion, this paper had the objective to evaluate the efficiency of the ACB technique in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit evaluation of liquid meals in rats. To perform the experiments, magnetic nanoparticles (ferrite, MgFe2O4) were used on a 1,5 ml solution introduced by gavage on similar weight and age rats. The sensor made by 2 pairs of coils, capable of generating and detecting magnetic fields, creates a field on the interest place and when this field is in contact with the marked meal, it changes, resulting on a variation of the measured voltage. The voltage variation is analyzed and is obtained a particle concentration on the interest region. The results showed that is possible to apply the ACB technique on the GIT evaluation of liquid particles digestion, gastric emptying and meal cecum arrival time curves were obtained and from that, is possible to observe a pattern of gastrointestinal transit. Both mean process time values were acquired, proving the technique capability of ...

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV