Competencias y metodologías : del piragüista de aguas bravas al remero de trainera.

Se analiza cómo se enseñan las competencias y la relación existente entre metodologías, competencias y tareas. El concepto de competencia implica cambiar la metodología del aula y supone, también, un cambio de mentalidad y estilo de trabajo. La enseñanza de competencias se realiza por medio de las áreas, materias o asignaturas y, dentro de ellas, con las tareas que se diseñen. El aprendizaje de competencias precisa hacer gravitar la educación en el aprendizaje y no en la enseñanza.

El Palacio de Dos Aguas, monumento nacional : exaltación y gala del barroco valenciano.

Acompañan fotografías ilustrativas del texto

Propuestas de intervención psicológica en la modalidad deportiva de piragüismo de aguas tranquilas.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Las aguas del río Guadarrama : una propuesta de trabajo.

Contiene: 1. Un cuaderno - 2. Un juego de tablero - 3. Un disco compacto

Irrigation performance and gross water productivity in furrow-irrigated ornamental tree production

In the ornamental plant production region of Girona (Spain), which is one of the largest of its kind in southern Europe, most of the surface is irrigated using wide blocked-end furrows. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to evaluate the irrigation scheduling methods used by ornamental plant producers; (2) to analyse different scenarios in order to assess how they affect irrigation performance; (3) to evaluate the risk of deep percolation; and (4) to calculate gross water productivity. A two-year study in a representative commercial field, planted with Prunus cerasifera ‘Nigra’, was carried out. The irrigation dose applied by the farmers was slightly smaller than the required water dose estimated by the use of two different methods: the first based on soil water content, and the second based on evapotranspiration. Distribution uniformity and application efficiency were high, with mean values above 87%. Soil water content measurements revealed that even at the end of the furrow, where the infiltrated water depth was greatest, more than 90% of the infiltrated water was retained in the shallowest 40 cm of the soil; accordingly, the risk of water loss due to deep percolation was minimal. Gross water productivity for ornamental tree production was € 11.70 m–3, approximately 20 times higher than that obtained with maize in the same region

De l'antiquarisme a l'arqueologia. La protecció del patrimoni històric i arqueològic a la província de Girona (1835-1876)

The first protective activities of historical and archaeological heritage in the province of Girona (Catalonia, Spain), although some earlier precedents, were produced from the third decade of the nineteenth century. These arose as a reaction to this terrible destruction suffered as a result of the introduction of the liberal state and the disappearance of several regular orders. Preservationists actions were carried out by some pseudo-public entities, which acted at the request of local authorities. These entities include the the Diputación Arqueológica, the Sociedad de Amigos del País and the Comisión de Monumentos. These corporations, with significant human and economic constraints, began activities as important as the beginning of the excavations of the site of Ampurias, the formation of a provincial museum in Girona and the restoration of the monastery of Ripoll.

Explorant la jove pagesia: camins, pràctiques i actituds en el marc d'un nou paradigma agrosocial. Estudi comparatiu entre el sud-oest de la província d'Ontario i les comarques gironines

The research has explored the reality of generational renewal in agriculture in order to understand the entry process, the agricultural practices of young people and their attitudes toward a new agrosocial paradigm. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative techniques based on a comparative analysis between Southern Ontario (Canada) and Catalonia (Spain). The first result is that the pathway to become a farmer is a process consisting of different phases where each profile shows different needs and abilities. The second result verifies how the practices and attitudes of young people vary depending on the family origin. The thesis also analyzes the most relevant results in policy terms. Finally the research shows the reality of an emerging group of young farmers who put in practice a new agrosocial paradigm. This group is made up by continuers and newcomers and we have called them "New peasantry".

Angola : Governação Local e estatuto especial da Província de Cabinda

A presente investigação centra-se na problemática da distribuição do poder para os níveis de governação subnacional nos Estados africanos. Pretende analisar o modelo de governação local em Angola tendo em conta as dinâmicas institucionais em matérias da descentralização e autonomia na governação das estruturas locais, focalizando-se sobre o modelo de governação provincial montado na província de Cabinda à luz do seu estatuto especial. A abordagem qualitativa empregue recorre a amostra dos especialistas na recolha das opiniões trabalhadas com a técnica de análise de conteúdo para verificar as nossas pistas de respostas às interrogações suscitadas pela relação «descentralização – estatuto especial» na perspectivação de saída do conflito armado que confronta o governo de Angola aos movimentos independentistas de Cabinda. As análises feitas ao modelo da governação local em Cabinda permitiram observar, por um lado, a falta de consenso entre os actores políticomilitares e sociais no processo, agudizando-se as contestações ao estatuto especial; por outro, o quadro regulamentar da descentralização em Angola pós-colonial leva à argumentação que os princípios que regem o sistema político-administrativo provincial actual não resolvem os problemas das especificidades históricas, geográficas e culturais do território de Cabinda, deixando espaço aberto para conflitualidades conjunturais.

Plan de marketing social para el proyecto de transferencia de los sistemas de riego estatales a los usuarios: caso Sistema de Riego Cebadas

El proceso de transferir los sistemas de riego que se encuentran en poder del estado a los usuarios es relativamente nuevo en el Ecuador, ha dado sus primeros pasos desde 1.996 y ha llegado a su plena operación desde 1.998 hasta la presente fecha, por este motivo es que se desea seguir entregando a los usuarios los sistemas restantes para que sean administrados, gestionados y mantenidos por ellos, esto se debe al abandono del estado por una falta total de recursos económicos y también por los decretos de modernización del subsector riego expedidos en 1.995. Dentro de este proceso se encuentra el Sistema de Riego Cebadas, ubicado en la provincia del Chimborazo, cantón Guamote. Todo proceso de cambio es duro y ofrece resistencia, no solamente por parte de las instituciones que se ven beneficiadas por un proyecto cualquiera, sino por los involucrados en estos procesos, además de resultar extensos en el tiempo, muchas veces son impuestos y se necesita inyectar enormes esfuerzos para que no caigan en el fracaso. Debido a estas razones y tomando en cuenta que no se realizó ninguna práctica de mercadeo social a los beneficiarios del proyecto, para: concietizarlos, provocar en ellos un cambio de mentalidad y por ende una reestructuración profunda en la actitud de las personas e instituciones que se sirven del riego, para que sean ellos mismo los ejecutores de su propio desarrollo, es que se plantea el uso de las herramientas del marketing en el ámbito social, con la finalidad de determinar la situación geográfica y su influencia, la población objetivo (y de esta, las condiciones sociales, educativas, culturales, religiosas, aestéticas, económicas, de comunicación, recursos naturales, en las que esta se encuentra), el mercado a cubrir, el producto social a diseñar, vender y su precio, los canales de distribución del mismo, etc. Bajo estas consideraciones se desarrolla el “Plan de marketing social para el proyecto de transferencia de los sistemas de riego estatales a los usuarios – caso sistema de riego Cebadas”.

Mineralogy and trace-element geochemistry of the high-grade iron ores of the Aguas Claras Mine and comparison with the Capao Xavier and Tamandua iron ore deposits, Quadrilahero Ferrifero, Brazil

Several major iron deposits occur in the Quadrilatero Ferrifero (QF), southeastern region of Brazil, where metamorphosed and heterogeneously deformed banded iron formation (BIF) of the Caue Formation, regionally called itabirite, was transformed into high- (Fe >64%) and lowgrade (30%Aguas Claras Mine contained mainly high-grade ores hosted within dolomitic itabirite. Two distinct types of high-grade ore occurred at the mine: soft and hard. The soft ore was the most abundant and represented more than 85% of the total ore mined until it was mined out in 2002. Soft and hard ores consist essentially of hematite, occurring as martite, anhedral to granular/tabular hematite and, locally, specularite. Gangue minerals are rare, consisting of dolomite, sericite, chlorite, and apatite in the hard and soft ores, and Mn-oxides and ferrihydrite in the soft ore where they are concentrated within porous bands. Chemical analyses show that hard and soft ores consist almost entirely of Fe(2)O(3), with a higher amount of detrimental impurities, especially MnO, in the soft ore. Both hard and soft ores are depleted in trace elements. The high-grade ores at the Aguas Claras Mine have at least a dual origin, involving hypogene and supergene processes. The occurrence of the hard, massive high-grade ore within ""fresh"" dolomitic itabirite is evidence of its hypogene origin. Despite the contention about the origin of the dolomitic itabirite (if this rock is a carbonate-rich facies of the Caue Formation or a hematite-carbonate precursor of the soft high-grade ore), mineralogical and geochemical features of the soft high-grade ore indicate that it was formed by leaching of dolomite from the dolomitic itabirite by meteoric water. The comparison of the Aguas Claras, Capao Xavier and Tamandua orebodies shows that the original composition of the itabiritic protore plays a major role in the genesis of high- and low-grade soft ores in the QF. Under the same weathering and structural conditions, the dolomitic itabirite is the more favorable to form high-grade deposits than siliceous itabirite. Field relations at the Aguas Claras and Capao Xavier deposits suggest that it is not possible to form huge soft high-grade supergene deposits from siliceous itabirite, unless another control, such as impermeable barriers, had played an important role. The occurrence in the Tamandua Mine of a large, soft, high-grade orebody formed from siliceous itabirite and closely associated with hypogene hard ore suggests that large, soft, high-grade orebodies of the Quadrilatero Ferrifero, which occur within siliceous itabirite, have a hypogene contribution in their formation.