748 resultados para 817
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In this work, a silica surface chemically modified with [3-(2,2′-dipyridylamine)propyl] groups, named [3-(2,2′- dipyridylamine)propyl]silica (Si-Pr-DPA) was prepared, characterized, and evaluated for its heavy metal adsorption characteristics from aqueous solution. To our knowledge, we are the first authors who have reported the present modification. The material was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, SEM, and NMR 29Si and 13C solid state. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate for heavy metal removal from dilute aqueous solution by sorption onto Si-Pr-DPA. From a number of studies the affinity of various metal ions for the Si-Pr-DPA sorbent was determined to follow the order Fe(III) > Cr(III) >> Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II) > Ni(II). Two standard reference materials were used for checking the accuracy and precision of the method. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of environmental samples. This ligand material has great advantage for adsorption of transition-metal ions from aqueous medium due to its high degree of organofunctionalization associated with the large adsorption capacity, reutilization possibility, and rapidity in reaching the equilibrium. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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This work describes an electronic system implementation with two force plates, 24 load cells with strain gages, signal conditioning circuit, interfacing circuit and data acquisition system, designed for measuring plantar force distribution in patients. The system presented linear response, low hysteresis, with determination coefficient of 0.9997, precision better than 0,84% and resolution less than 0.5 N. The Measurements are presented on a computer screen and easier visualization to specialists, mainly physicians, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Using the system, the distribution of weight in the plantar region of 100 normal subjects and 10 hemiplegic patients was investigated. There were determined the relationship between weight distribution on the right and left forefoot, hemiplegic patients and normal patients, with the implemented system. © 2013 Springer.
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The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the temperature after shearing in sheep under dry and hot environment conditions and to compare the temperature changes with variation in cardiac and respiratory frequencies, ruminal movements and hydration status. Twenty Suffolk unshorn ewes were studied. Physical examination was performed in all animals three times a day at 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM, during 42 days (22 days before shearing and 20 days after shearing). The skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometer over several surfaces of the body. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, for comparisons between groups (shorn versus unshorn) at each time, and the significant difference was evaluated at level of P<0.05 by Tukey test. The respiratory frequency was statistically significant at all times. When air humidity was high, the respiratory frequencies were low. The thermal stress was clear in sheep of this study, reflecting marked changes in cardiac and respiratory frequencies and rectal temperature. The respiratory frequency was the parameter more reliable to establish a framework of thermal stress in the unshorn sheep, with values on average three times higher than those reported in the literature. The heart rate monitors the thermal variation of the environment and is also an indicator of heat stress. This variation shows the Suffolk breed is well adapted to hot climates. The correlation between the body surface temperatures with environment temperature and air humidity was negative, as explained by the effect of wool insulation, i.e. even with an increase in environment temperature and humidity, the body temperature tends to maintain a compensating balance. In the shorn animals, the correlation between skin temperature with environment temperature and air humidity showed that the skin temperature increases when the environment temperature increases. The increase in the environment temperature does not affect the body temperature of unshorn animals due the insulating effect of the wool. However, when environment temperature rises, the presence of the wool starts to affect the thermal comfort as the heat absorption is larger than the capacity of heat loss. In this study, the best thermal stress indicators were the respiratory frequency and rectal and skin temperatures. The temperatures of the skin measured at the perineum, axillae and inner thigh were considered the most reliable.
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Resumen La sostenibilidad de los recursos que soportan el turismo y el aprovechamiento de la oferta ambiental de servicios turísticos han de definir las modalidades de prestación de servicios turísticos más adecuadas que convengan a un país o región. En este aspecto, la vulnerabilidad económica, social y ambientalasí como la exposición al riesgo de las regiones de Centroamérica y del Caribe apuntan a la conveniencia de una serie de políticas nacionales y de cooperación regional que incorporen los aspectos relevantes para un uso adecuado de los recursos en términos de planificación territorial, de acceso a los recursos, normas de desarrollo e inversión en conservación de los recursos. Este capítulo se refiere a dos rubros. En primer lugar, se analizan las condiciones para la sostenibilidad del turismo incluyendo la reducción de la vulnerabilidad y en segundo, se plantean los conceptos relevantes para implementar un turismo que aproveche la oferta ambiental de servicios turísticos.
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Análise do desempenho hidroenergético de Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água do Município de Marabá/PA, gerenciados pela Unidade de Negócios Tocantins (UNITO), da Companhia de Saneamento do Pará – COSANPA. O estudo foi realizado em 3 fases, tendo informações do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) e da COSANPA. Na fase 1 foi analisada a rotina operacional de abastecimento de água do sistema Nova Marabá - Cidade Nova (16.738 ligações) e do sistema Marabá Pioneira (2.093 ligações) no ano 2010, com ênfase nos volumes produzidos de água e no consumo e custo de energia elétrica; na Fase 2 foram determinados indicadores de desempenho hidroenergético; finalizando, na fase 3 é proposto procedimentos para a melhoria da gestão hidroenergética. Na pesquisa foi verificado que o volume total produzido de água de 15,8 milhões m³/ano requereu 8.817 MWh/ano, resultando em despesa de R$ 2 milhões/ano de energia elétrica, que foi o segundo maior item das despesas de exploração (32,2%) da COSANPA no município de Marabá. A despesa de energia elétrica por ligação foi de R$ 9,32/lig. ano e R$ 7,66/lig. ano nos sistemas da Nova Marabá – Cidade Nova e da Marabá Pioneira, respectivamente, com preço médio global do kWh consumido e despesa média de energia elétrica por metro cúbico de água produzido na Nova Marabá - Cidade Nova (0,23 R$/kWh e 0,14 R$ /m³) e da Marabá Pioneira (0,21 R$/kWh e 0,07 R$/m³), ocorrendo variação dos índices de intensidade energética (kWh/m³) nos SAA. Com o trabalho é proposto procedimentos para aumentar a eficiência do controle hidroenergético na operação dos sistemas, como setorização, macromedição, micromedição, automação, o que trará reflexos positivos na redução dos custos para o abastecimento de água no município de Marabá/PA.