O poder pelo mar: a indústria de construção naval militar no Brasil a partir da política desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961)

Este Trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os reflexos da política desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek, que por meio de dispositivos legais implantou a indústria de construção naval no Brasil e os desdobramentos dessa política na construção naval militar, tendo o Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ) como representante deste processo. O Brasil é levado a uma mobilização de desenvolvimento baseado na industrialização e nesse sentido vale enfatizar três aspectos importantes.As medidas do governo JK na indústria naval e como refletiram no Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro. Outro aspecto é o momento histórico dos anos 1950 vivenciando o palco da guerra fria entre as potências Estadas Unidos (EUA) e União Soviética (URSS) e que traz desdobramentos como a partir acordos militares entre os EUA e seus aliados, estando o acordo Brasil e EUA inserido nesse contexto. A implantação da indústria de construção naval militar no país na segunda metade da década de cinquenta no Brasil trouxe repercussões significativas na área militar naval, sobretudo nos anos 1970, quando a Marinha brasileira recuperou sua capacidade de projetar e construir navios de guerra modernos.

Import substitution and economic growth

In spite of Latin America s dismal economic performance between the 1950s and 1980s, the region experienced strong capital deepening. Furthermore, pro- ductivity (measured as TFP) grew at low rates in comparison with the U.S. In this paper, we suggest that all these facts can be explained as a consequence of the restrictive trade regime adopted at that time. Our analytical framework is based on a dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model, with scale economies in the capital- intensive sector. We assume an economy that is initially open and specialized in the production of labor-intensive goods. The trade regime is modeled as a move to a closed economy. The model produces results consistent with the Latin American experience. Speci cally, for a su¢ ciently small country, there will be no long-run growth in income per capita, but capital per capita will increase. As a result, measured TFP will fall.

História em catálogos: um estudo da política editorial Zahar de 2001 a 2014

O presente trabalho versa sobre as políticas editoriais da Jorge Zahar Editor, em especial de 2001 a 2014, discutindo os desafios enfrentados por uma editora que construiu sua marca através do ideal de publicar livros que se mantivessem no mercado editorial ao longo do tempo. Foi apresentado um histórico da editora, desde sua fundação, como Zahar Editores, nos anos 1950, descrevendo as propostas editoriais situadas em conjunturas sociais e mercadológicas específicas. Detectaram-se alguns momentos críticos, em que tanto as políticas editoriais quanto a estrutura de gestão da empresa foram reavaliados, redimensionados e sofreram mudanças importantes. Analisaram-se diferentes catálogos da Zahar: o de 1985, período em que a editora passou a ser gerida por Jorge Zahar e filhos, e os de 2001 a 2014, observando o que neles permaneceu dos anos 1980 e também as transformações e permanências do fundo editorial entre os anos 2001 e 2014. As categorias “independência” e “livros clássicos” foram identificadas como elementos discursivos estratégicos na auto-concepção e identificação pública da editora, apontando sua percepção dos livros como bens culturais, bem como da função do editor como agente cultural. A performance da Zahar tem desafiado dois tipos de diagnósticos difundidos no senso comum e mesmo na literatura acadêmica. O primeiro é que as editoras precisam publicar livros que alcançam alta vendagem rapidamente, mesmo que eles tenham uma sobrevivência efêmera, como forma de garantir sua lucratividade e sobrevivência no mercado. O segundo é que as editoras, em geral, pequenas e médias, ainda autônomas, tendem a precisar vender seus direitos para empresas maiores e mais capitalizadas, pois não terão como enfrentar as políticas mercadológicas agressivas dessas organizações. As conclusões da pesquisa sugerem que a Zahar tem insistido na manutenção de sua auto-identificação como editora de clássicos, direcionando suas políticas editoriais para a publicação de livros que tenham longa duração, demonstrando que é possível seguir um caminho próprio, em termos de exercício da função própria do editor, marcada pela independência na escolha do que, como, quando e quanto publicar – e conservar seu espaço no mercado.

Contra as Secas: a engenharia e as origens de um planejamento regional no nordeste brasileiro

Droughts surfaced in 1877 as a crucial problem for the birthing Brazilian nation. Engineers, who formed the country's technical and scientific elite, took it upon themselves to study, understand and fight the problem through planned actions of intervention on space. This work, based on proposals and discussions contained in engineering magazines and reports, aims to provide elements for the comprehension of how these systematized actions against droughts, in the Iate nineteenth and early twentieth century, contributed to spatial analysis and the formation of a (then-inexistent) regional and territorial planning discipline in Brazi!. Engineers, by taking up the position of masterminds in the country's modernization, guaranteed for themselves personal economic stability, social prestige and political power. By understanding nature, either as a resource to be exploited or an adversary to national progress, they contributed to the delimitation of the region now known as the Northeast. By seeking to understand the drought phenomenon, they created knowledge about the space they sought to intervene on; by constructing their projects amid political and economical difficulty, they changed the organizational structures of cities and country in the northeast. The proposals for açudes (Iarge water reservoirs) allowed the fixation of population and the resistance against droughts; the roads - railroads and automotive roadways - connected the sertão to the capitais and the coast, speeding up help to the affected populations during droughts and allowing the circulation of goods so as to strengthen the local economies in normal rimes. The adopted practices and techniques, adapted from foreign experience and developed through trial and improvement, were consolidated as an eminently spatial intervention course, even if a theoretical body of regional or territorial planning wasn't formed in Brazil. Regional Planning proper was first applied in the country in the Northeast itself, in the 1950s, based off an economical view of reality in order to achieve development. The engineer's work prior tothat date, however, cannot be dlsconsldered. It was proved that, despite facing financial and political hurdles, engineers had a profound commitment to the problem and intended to act systematically to transform the economical and social relations in the region, in order to be victorious in their struggle against droughts

Aparências da forma e forma do espaço: análise da configuração espacial de residências unifamiliares dos anos 1970 em João Pessoa PB

Assuming that the form of a building shell and its content the spatial form are distinct dimensions of architecture - however indivisible and interdependent -, this study focus, in the light of the Social Logic of Space (HILLIER; HANSON, 1984), on the intrinsic properties through which domestic space was structured in a sample of single-family dwellings built in João Pessoa (PB) during the 1970s - when the vocabulary of modern architecture still prevailed in Brazil though sharing the urban scene with other architectural trends -, in order to investigate regularities or divergences underlying their conception. These dwellings were originally classified (ARAÚJO, 2010a) in five categories defined according to the form of their building shells and to their prevailing construction techniques: (1) Brazilian modern legacy (considered as truly Brazilian modern style); (2) Paulista architecture (that refers to the modern production of São Paulo, Brazil, from the 1950s through the 1970s); (3) experiences of rationalization and prefabrication ; (4) experiences of adaptation to the climate (referring to a design strongly influenced by the hot and humid climate of North-eastern Brazil); and (5) hybrid (to account for a kind of stylistic hybridism that includes formal attributes, which evoke our colonial past). This study aims to determine, through the analyses of nineteen cases that represent each category, whether this taxonomy corresponds to distinct modes of spatial configuration. This research therefore proposes an approach to the classification of domestic architecture based on topological properties. The dwellings spatial organization was represented, quantified and analyzed, their spatial properties explored in consonance with one another and with the literature. Results pointed out that there is no evidence of a reciprocal relationship between the formal look of the built shells and their respective spatial structures

Os embates entre ciência e política na experiência parlamentar de Josué de Castro

This study want to know how Josué de Castro, the two terms of a congressman, participated in the Brazilian political-ideological debate of the 1950s. For this, search the 61 speeches in the plenary of the House of Representatives and its 14 projects, analyzing them as historical documents that describe an experience, which enables the central category amalgamated the subject and his time, which breaks up the possibilities of new social practices. Unity of action and reflection, the experience of Castro in the Brazilian parliament has got on the basis of a previous flow experiences in the political-institutional and scientific. Together with the personal history, the political intellectual scenario of his time was another variable considered in the first chapter of this work. In the second chapter did an analysis of 32 speeches and projects of the first term of Josué de Castro, grouping them by thematic affinities. The 43 for the second term were discussed in the third chapter, leaving the final considerations answer the research objectives: What are the main interlocutors? What are your political positions? What are the points of rupture and continuity in his political career? Josué de Castro spoke to the Brazilian state directly to the president, some ministers and to the SUDENE, the ONU appears indirectly through the reports of his participations. His political position was a national-developmentalist who embraced the cause of self-determination of the countries, anti-imperialism, agrarian reform and regional planning, strongly inspired by Celso Furtado and San Tiago Dantas. Castro often has blended a liberal and Marxist terminology, relying on different ideologies to do support his fight against hunger

Reconfigurações industriais das regiões metropolitanas do Nordeste: uma análise a partir do emprego formal

Industrial development experienced by Brazil from the 1950s, changed the concentration of population in the country. The process of development of domestic industry, concentrated in urban areas, crowded growing portion of the population.The Southeast region during the first stage of industrialization driven by the state, with the implementation of Plan goals, captained the major industrial projects implemented in the period and became the main industrial center of the country.In the decade from 1960 to 1980 the state action was marked by numerous regional development projects, softening the industrial concentration and Brazilian investment redirected to the Northeast.The second National Development Plan implemented in the 1970s led to major investments Northeast.This period marked the widespread urban growth and institutionalization of the first metropolitan areas in Brazil.The change of this developmental process is altered with the fiscal and financial crisis of the state in the 1980s and 1990s and spending cuts aimed at national development, reorienting the economy to liberal policies of economic liberalization and reduction of activity in the economy.Industrial policy was relegated to local development plans from the 1990s to the federating units fitting the wide use of tax incentives, the "war tax" to the continued industrialization process.In this context of the national economy work seeks to analyze the industrial setting in the metropolitan areas of Fortaleza, Recife and Salvador between 1995 and 2010.Although the metropolitan areas of Fortaleza, Recife and Salvador are the main urban centers of the Northeast, responsible for the advancement of industrial development, reconfigurations occurred between 1995 and 2010 by changing the level of industrial specialization built by regional division of labor in these regions.The work will be carried out by the method of descriptive analysis of the literature review on regional and urban development.Constitute quantitative method as the secondary data analysis of formal employment from the Annual Social Information (RAIS) Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE).Using data RAIS / MTE analyzes the industrial specialization index using the Locational Quotient (LQ).Thus, it is assumed as a parameter analysis QL> 1, when the region has become specialized in a particular sector or QL <1, when the region does not have expertise in industrial sector analyzed.The conclusion of study indicates that there was in these metropolitan areas maintained the same bias hub.Fiscal policies, the states, was not successful in diversifying the productive structure and the Northeast region itself.This result is demonstrated by the need and dependence on state investments in the region to promote development.Industrial policies of recent years have been positive to meet the objectives of employment generation, but there must be specific policies for better diversification of production, in addition to integrating the economy of the Northeast sector and regionally

Palavras da maldição: O Ceará de José Alcides Pinto entre símbolos e alegorias.

This work treats about the speeches that produced the crisis of symbols of Ceará, researching on matters and ways of expression of space between 1950s and 1970s. Therefore, we search discursive practices that since the end of nineteenth century built the identity of Ceará and in the middle of twentieth century produced the crisis of modes of seeing and telling the space in front of enunciations of the national modernization, especially with the emergence of politics by SUDENE to the Northeast, the progressive actions by Catholic Church, the defense of tradition by regional literature of union of Ceará Clã. The contradictions between the glorification and fear the modernization of Brazil produced on the space speeches that his identity would be fractured, that the old symbols of drought, cangaço, mysticism and colonels declined. Among analyzed speeches, we centered the analysis of Trilogia da Maldição formed of novels O Dragão, of 1964, Os Verdes Abutres da Colina and João Pinto de Maria: a biografia de um louco by José Alcides Pinto. In this novel, the enunciation of the crisis of symbologies about the space produced another aesthetic, the allegory, which, mixed with the mystical and melancholy, in search of ways to restore the language of the old themes Ceará, drop of Ceará the same stigma of anti-modern space, where the images of delay changed icons of a fractured identity in front of the modern streams, where the word was transformed in the dimension precarious and redeemer of the tradition, of old, of nature, of the plenitude of senses. In Jose Alcides, the colonel returns as the origin of the lost space, the drought is the revolt of God against the devil place, the apocalypse, the end imminent threat to the village, signs that fantastic, however, are in dialogue with the settings space and time in which they were produced

Além das xícaras: a construção do Café São Luiz como lugar de memória em Natal (1950-1980)

This research stands in discussions involving the relationship between memory, history and space. We will work with the Café São Luiz in the neighborhood of Cidade Alta in Natal, an place which remains open and founded in 1953. The place was opened in the district of greater movement of the 1950s, a zone of concentration of commerce and leisure. In consequence an impulse of memory, the Café São Luiz was represented by different statements, which they built a space that serves to support memory and identity of a group. The speeches elaborate the Café São Luiz as a monument, a place of memory according to Pierre Nora. Among these discourses of construction of the Café São Luiz stands out the 1982 book titled Na Calçada do Café São Luiz by José Luiz Silva. This research aims to discuss the construction of the Café São Luiz as a place of memory, questioning their representations, traversing the authorship of speeches over the place

DNA viruses in human cancer: An integrated overview on fundamental mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis

The first experimental data suggesting that neoplasm development in animals might be influenced by infectious agents were published in the early 1900s. However, conclusive evidence that DNA viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of some human cancers only emerged in the 1950s, when Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered within Burkitt lymphoma cells. Besides EBV, other DNA viruses consistently associated with human cancers are the hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). Although each virus has unique features, it is becoming clearer that all these oncogenic agents target multiple cellular pathways to support malignant transformation and tumor development. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Putative metabolic pathway of mannitol and sorbitol and in sugarcane

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização morfológica de embriões por imagens de raios x e relação com a massa e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Tecoma stans L. Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae)

As imagens obtidas pelos raios X vêm sendo utilizadas na análise da qualidade de sementes desde os anos 50 e, atualmente, vêm se destacando por ser um método rápido, de boa precisão e não destrutivo. Deste modo, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfológicas dos embriões de sementes de Tecoma stans L. Juss. ex Kunth pertencentes a diferentes classes de massa através da análise de imagens obtidas pelo uso dos raios X, correlacionando-as com a germinação e morfologia das plântulas. Foram utilizadas sete classes de massa com trinta sementes em cada classe, que foram submetidas aos raios X para a obtenção das imagens dos embriões. Os embriões, de cada uma das classes, foram separados de acordo com suas características morfológicas em 4 categorias (embriões sem defeito, embriões com pequenos defeitos, embriões deformados e sementes sem embrião). As sementes das diferentes classes de massa foram colocadas para germinar (emissão da raiz primária) e após dez dias foi observado o número de plântulas normais em cada uma das categorias e classes de massa. A maioria das sementes das classes 1 e 2, mais leves, apresenta-se com embriões deformados ou sem embrião, enquanto que as de maior massa (classes 3 a 7) apresentam embriões sem defeitos, em sua maioria ou totalidade. Quase a totalidade das sementes com embriões sem defeito germina, porém, nem todas dão origem a plântulas normais.

Assessment and statistics of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants: Dam areas versus installed and firm power

The Brazilian relief, predominantly composed by small mountains and plateaus, contributed to formation of rivers with high amount of falls. With exception to North-eastern Brazil, the climate of this country are rainy, which contributes to maintain water flows high. These elements are essential to a high hydroelectric potential, contributing to the choice of hydroelectric power plants as the main technology of electricity generation in Brazil. Though this is a renewable source, whose utilized resource is free, dams must to be established which generates a high environmental and social impact. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact caused by these dams through the use of environmental indexes. These indexes are ratio formed by installed power with dam area of a hydro power plant, and ratio formed by firm power with this dam area. In this study, the greatest media values were found in South, Southeast, and Northeast regions respectively, and the smallest media values were found in North and Mid-West regions, respectively. The greatest encountered media indexes were also found in dams established in the 1950s. In the last six decades, the smallest indexes were registered by darns established in the 1980s. These indexes could be utilized as important instruments for environmental impact assessments, and could enable a dam to be established that depletes an ecosystem as less as possible.

Barbados: public-private sector partnership

Includes bibliography

The Mexican film industry and its participation in the global value chain

Includes bibliography