Yb∶Y3Al5O12晶体晶格振动光谱的研究

采用提拉法生长Y3Al5O12(YAG)晶体和Yb3+掺杂原子数分数分别为5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%和100%的Yb∶Y3Al5O12(Yb∶YAG)晶体。系统表征和分析了Yb3+掺杂浓度对拉曼光谱的影响。随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加,晶体的振动模式没有明显的变化,晶体结构没有改变;在370 cm-1和785 cm-1附近,振动吸收峰的半峰全宽逐渐增大。分析得出,Yb3+掺杂浓度对晶体的晶格、对称性、荧光寿命均有影响,从而可能影响到晶体的光谱和激光性能。

Yb∶Y_3Al_5O_(12)/Y_3Al_5O_(12)复合晶体的制作和光谱性能

采用热键合技术,制作中运用不同的工艺参量制作出12片Yb∶Y3Al5O12/Y3Al5O12(Yb∶YAG/YAG)复合晶体。利用偏光显微镜对其键合界面进行了观察,研究了样品的透射光谱,从而确定出复合晶体合适的制作工艺。通过透射光谱的形状和透射率来表征复合晶体键合界面的质量。研究表明Yb∶YAG/YAG复合晶体键合质量较好,可实现一体化。

Effects of gamma-irradiation and air annealing on Yb-doped Y3Al5O12 single crystal

The effects of gamma-irradiation on the air-annealed 10 at.% Yb:Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and air annealing on the gamma-irradiated 10at.% Yb:YAG have been studied by the difference absorption spectra before and after treatment. The gamma-irradiation and air annealing led to opposite changes of the absorption properties of the Yb:YAG crystal. After air annealing, the gamma-irradiation induced centers were totally removed and the concentration of Fe3+ and Yb3+ were lightly increased. For the first time, the gamma-irradiation induced valence changes between Yb3+ and Yb2+ ions in Yb:YAG crystals have been observed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A coarse fish close season on canals. Paper in evidence to the review of fisheries policy and legislation. Paper number: EA-12

This paper gives the results of the Environment Agency's research into the canal close season to the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Review Group. It presents the findings of the research, explains why the research was undertaken and how it relates to the Agency's duties. The background for this report includes that angling representative bodies have long argued that the existing situation in which somecanals have a close season and others do not, is unsatisfactory.

Caracterização geoquímica e efeito térmico de intrusão de diabásio na matéria orgânica da Formação Irati, poço FP-12-SP, bacia do Paraná

O estudo visou à caracterização geoquímica orgânica detalhada (carbono orgânico total, resíduo insolúvel, enxofre, pirólise Rock-Eval e biomarcadores) da Formação Irati através do furo pioneiro FP-12-SP localizado próximo da região de Anhembi (SP), e à análise das alterações destes parâmetros devido ao efeito térmico de intrusões de diabásio. A partir destes dados definiu-se 8 (oito) unidades quimioestratigráficas, determinou se o potencial gerador de cada unidade, o tipo de querogênio e a assinatura geoquímica através de parâmetros dos biomarcadores saturados e, por último, indicou-se as alterações causadas pelo efeito térmico de intrusivas nos sedimentos. O Membro Taquaral possui baixo teor de carbono orgânico total, querogênio tipo III/IV, com alta proporção de alcanos lineares e cicloalcanos, predominância dos esteranos C27 em relação ao C29, com indicações de ambiente marinho com salinidade normal. O Membro Assistência é caracterizado por apresentar valores de carbono orgânico total relativamente alto com aumento para o topo, intercalação de níveis siliciclásticos com carbonáticos, potencial gerador que chega a excelente e índice de hidrogênio predominante para óleo e condensado, baixa proporção de n-alcanos em relação aos cicloalcanos e alcanos ramificados, aparecimento do gamacerano, indicando ambiente marinho hipersalino com afogamento para o topo. O efeito térmico é visto a partir de 3 metros abaixo e 10 metros acima da soleira com maturação da matéria orgânica nos 9,5m mais próximos da soleira. A propagação de calor acima da soleira foi maior do que abaixo devido à diferença de condutividade térmica entre o carbonato e o folhelho, onde a máxima restrição com o aumento da salinidade na Unidade Quimioestratigráfica E, indicada pela presença de gamacerano, pode ter amplificado a passagem de calor para o topo.

Number of Players and Relative Pitch Area per Player: Comparing Their Influence on Heart Rate and Physical Demands in Under-12 and Under-13 Football Players

The aim of the present study is to analyse the influence of different large-sided games (LSGs) on the physical and physiological variables in under-12s (U12) and -13s (U13) soccer players. The effects of the combination of different number of players per team, 7, 9, and 11 (P7, P9, and P11, respectively) with three relative pitch areas, 100, 200, and 300 m(2) (A100, A200, and A300, respectively), were analysed in this study. The variables analysed were: 1) global indicator such as total distance (TD); work:rest ratio (W:R); player-load (PL) and maximal speed (V-max); 2) heart rate (HR) mean and time spent in different intensity zones of HR (<75%, 75-84%, 84-90% and >90%), and; 3) five absolute (<8, 8-13, 13-16 and >16 Km h(-1)) and three relative speed categories (<40%, 40-60% and >60% V-max). The results support the theory that a change in format (player number and pitch dimensions) affects no similarly in the two players categories. Although it can seem that U13 players are more demanded in this kind of LSG, when the work load is assessed from a relative point of view, great pitch dimensions and/or high number of player per team are involved in the training task to the U12 players. The results of this study could alert to the coaches to avoid some types of LSGs for the U12 players such as:P11 played in A100, A200 or A300, P9 played in A200 or A300 and P7 played in A300 due to that U13>U12 in several physical and physiological variables (W:R, time spent in 84-90% HRmax, distance in 8-13 and 13-16 Km h(-1) and time spent in 40-60% V-max). These results may help youth soccer coaches to plan the progressive introduction of LSGs so that task demands are adapted to the physiological and physical development of participants.