Metropolitan Observatory for Street Children and Youngsters: A Chilean Experience of an Innovative Model

In Chile, street children and youngsters' situations have changed significantly over the last decades. The Metropolitan Observatory is an innovative organization that makes it possible to follow this velnerable group. The Observatory is becoming a pioneering actor in the subject, thanks to the participative work and agreed consensus of different institutions involved. The aim of this paper is to introduce the innovative cross-sectoral work done by the Metropolitan Observatory for street children and youth.

Effects of Seed Treatments and a Soil-applied Nematicide on Corn Yields and Nematode Population Densities

Plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms that feed on plants. Almost every nematode that feeds on corn is capable of feeding on many other plants. These nematode parasites are thought to be native to most Iowa soils and to have fed on native plants before corn was grown as a cultivated crop. Population densities (numbers) of most species of plant-parasitic nematodes that feed on corn have to increase to damaging levels (called damage thresholds) before yield loss occurs.

Microbiota and Microsatellite genotypes of Pacific oysters stemming from three oyster bed in the Northern Wadden Sea

Background: Studies of oyster microbiomes have revealed that a limited number of microbes, including pathogens, can dominate microbial communities in host tissues such as gills and gut. Much of the bacterial diversity however remains underexplored and unexplained, although environmental conditions and host genetics have been implicated. We used 454 next generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of individually tagged PCR reactions to explore the diversity of bacterial communities in gill tissue of the invasive Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas stemming from genetically differentiated beds under ambient outdoor conditions and after a multifaceted disturbance treatment imposing stress on the host. Results: While the gill associated microbial communities in oysters were dominated by few abundant taxa (i.e. Sphingomonas, Mycoplasma) the distribution of rare bacterial groups correlated to relatedness between the hosts under ambient conditions. Exposing the host to disturbance broke apart this relationship by removing rare phylotypes thereby reducing overall microbial diversity. Shifts in the microbiome composition in response to stress did not result in a net increase in genera known to contain potentially pathogenic strains. Conclusion: The decrease in microbial diversity and the disassociation between population genetic structure of the hosts and their associated microbiome suggest that disturbance (i.e. stress) may play a significant role for the assembly of the natural microbiome. Such community shifts may in turn also feed back on the course of disease and the occurrence of mass mortality events in oyster populations.

La configuración del tiempo mítico en Los recuerdos del porvenir de Elena Garro

En el presente trabajo abordamos la novela de Elena Garro Los recuerdos del porvenir a partir de los elementos de la narración configuradores de un "tiempo mítico". Este concepto, de larga tradición en Ia literatura hispanoamericana, sirve a la novelista para reflexionar sobre los procesos históricos, que ella juzga inevitablemente circulares; una penosa reiteración de los crímenes e injusticias del pasado. La voz narrativa, la creación de un campo semántico de la inmovilidad y la persistencia de un episodio real de la Conquista de México (la "Malinche"), son los elementos que, juzgamos, configuran el tiempo mítico y dan a esta novela una singular unidad ideológica y estilística.

Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.

Nos une el mismo océano y nos separa la misma lengua : norma estándar, español transnacional y variedad lingüística en Argentina

En el marco de las políticas lingüísticas, el trabajo analiza los discursos sobre el español como lengua estándar subyacentes en los diversos instrumentos de gramatización (Auroux 1992) destinados a regular los usos lingüísticos en el ámbito hispanoamericano. Postula la hipótesis de que las políticas lingüísticas alentadas desde las Academias de la Lengua y las diversas instancias de difusión del estándar llamado panhispánico acuden al espíritu de unidad y homogeneidad lingüística presente desde los inicios de los discursos sobre el español afectando el prestigio de los estándares regionales. A partir de esta hipótesis, sostiene que las actuales expectativas de homogeneidad e intercomprensibilidad lingüística expresadas tanto en diccionarios, manuales de estilo o gramáticas como en los medios de comunicación olvidan que los estándares regionales paralelos a ese español globalizado no siempre cuentan con una vía de enseñanza formal que los valide y los prestigie frente a la variedad transnacional. Para verificar la plausibilidad de esta hipótesis, analizamos diccionarios de la RAE y Panhispánico de Dudas y manuales escolares de enseñanza de español, entre otros instrumentos; allí identificamos la construcción de las nociones de norma estándar, español transnacional y dialecto.

El concepto de "sujeto colectivo" en la educación : Un abordaje desde la teoría del sujeto de Alain Badiou y la noción de "emancipación intelectual" de Jacques Rancière

Fil: Colella, Leonardo Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.