Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H p (3) monitoring. A 2015 review.

A thorough literature review about the current situation on the implementation of eye lens monitoring has been performed in order to provide recommendations regarding dosemeter types, calibration procedures and practical aspects of eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel. Most relevant data and recommendations from about 100 papers have been analysed and classified in the following topics: challenges of today in eye lens monitoring; conversion coefficients, phantoms and calibration procedures for eye lens dose evaluation; correction factors and dosemeters for eye lens dose measurements; dosemeter position and influence of protective devices. The major findings of the review can be summarised as follows: the recommended operational quantity for the eye lens monitoring is H p (3). At present, several dosemeters are available for eye lens monitoring and calibration procedures are being developed. However, in practice, very often, alternative methods are used to assess the dose to the eye lens. A summary of correction factors found in the literature for the assessment of the eye lens dose is provided. These factors can give an estimation of the eye lens dose when alternative methods, such as the use of a whole body dosemeter, are used. A wide range of values is found, thus indicating the large uncertainty associated with these simplified methods. Reduction factors from most common protective devices obtained experimentally and using Monte Carlo calculations are presented. The paper concludes that the use of a dosemeter placed at collar level outside the lead apron can provide a useful first estimate of the eye lens exposure. However, for workplaces with estimated annual equivalent dose to the eye lens close to the dose limit, specific eye lens monitoring should be performed. Finally, training of the involved medical staff on the risks of ionising radiation for the eye lens and on the correct use of protective systems is strongly recommended.

Uncertainties in 4pi-gamma coincidence counting

The 4πβ-γ coincidence counting method and its close relatives are widely used for the primary standardization of radioactivity. Both the general formalism and specific implementation of these methods have been well-documented. In particular, previous papers contain the extrapolation equations used for various decay schemes, methods for determining model parameters and, in some cases, tabulated uncertainty budgets. Two things often lacking from experimental reports are both the rationale for estimating uncertainties in a specific way and the details of exactly how a specific component of uncertainty was estimated. Furthermore, correlations among the components of uncertainty are rarely mentioned. To fill in these gaps, the present article shares the best-practices from a few practitioners of this craft. We explain and demonstrate with examples of how these approaches can be used to estimate the uncertainty of the reported massic activity. We describe uncertainties due to measurement variability, extrapolation functions, dead-time and resolving-time effects, gravimetric links, and nuclear and atomic data. Most importantly, a thorough understanding of the measurement system and its response to the decay under study can be used to derive a robust estimate of the measurement uncertainty.

Uncertainty evaluation in activity measurements using ionization chambers

Pressurized re-entrant (or 4 pi) ionization chambers (ICs) connected to current-measuring electronics are used for activity measurements of photon emitting radionuclides and some beta emitters in the fields of metrology and nuclear medicine. As a secondary method, these instruments need to be calibrated with appropriate activity standards from primary or direct standardization. The use of these instruments over 50 years has been well described in numerous publications, such as the Monographie BIPM-4 and the special issue of Metrologia on radionuclide metrology (Ratel 2007 Metrologia 44 S7-16, Schrader1997 Activity Measurements With Ionization Chambers (Monographie BIPM-4) Schrader 2007 Metrologia 44 S53-66, Cox et al 2007 Measurement Modelling of the International Reference System (SIR) for Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides (Monographie BIPM-7)). The present work describes the principles of activity measurements, calibrations, and impurity corrections using pressurized ionization chambers in the first part and the uncertainty analysis illustrated with example uncertainty budgets from routine source-calibration as well as from an international reference system (SIR) measurement in the second part.

A comprehensive model for quantum noise characterization in digital mammography.

NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A version of cascaded systems analysis was developed specifically with the aim of studying quantum noise propagation in x-ray detectors. Signal and quantum noise propagation was then modelled in four types of x-ray detectors used for digital mammography: four flat panel systems, one computed radiography and one slot-scan silicon wafer based photon counting device. As required inputs to the model, the two dimensional (2D) modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were measured for six mammography systems that utilized these different detectors. A new method to reconstruct anisotropic 2D presampling MTF matrices from 1D radial MTFs measured along different angular directions across the detector is described; an image of a sharp, circular disc was used for this purpose. The effective pixel fill factor for the FP systems was determined from the axial 1D presampling MTFs measured with a square sharp edge along the two orthogonal directions of the pixel lattice. Expectation MTFs were then calculated by averaging the radial MTFs over all possible phases and the 2D EMTF formed with the same reconstruction technique used for the 2D presampling MTF. The quantum NPS was then established by noise decomposition from homogenous images acquired as a function of detector air kerma. This was further decomposed into the correlated and uncorrelated quantum components by fitting the radially averaged quantum NPS with the radially averaged EMTF(2). This whole procedure allowed a detailed analysis of the influence of aliasing, signal and noise decorrelation, x-ray capture efficiency and global secondary gain on NPS and detector DQE. The influence of noise statistics, pixel fill factor and additional electronic and fixed pattern noises on the DQE was also studied. The 2D cascaded model and decompositions performed on the acquired images also enlightened the observed quantum NPS and DQE anisotropy.

De exhalationibus mineralium

Invocatio: D.D.

Tiedotustutkimus

Tiedotustutkimuksen pääkokoelma sijaitsee pääkirjastossa (Linnassa), jossa painettu yleis- ja käsikirjastokokoelma koostuu lähes 5000 nimekkeestä monografioita (painettujen monografiasarjojen osat mukaan lukien). Monografiakokoelmasta kartoitettiin neljä osa-aluetta. Joukkoviestinnän teoriaa, metodologiaa ja vaikutuksia käsitteli 44 % kirjoista (2195 nimekettä), joten se oli selvin painopisteala. Radiota ja televisiota käsitteli 28 % (1383 nimekettä); lehdistöä 24 % (1198 nimekettä) sekä journalismia, uutisia ja toimitustyötä 22 % kirjoista (1088 nimekettä). Käsikirjaston noin 95 nimekkeen kokoelma sisälsi bibliografioita (58 nimekettä), sanastoja, sanakirjoja ja hakuteoksia. Painettuja lehtiä oli 13 nimekettä (Africa media review, Critical Studies in Television, Javnost - The Public, Journal of media business studies, Journalisti, Lähikuva, Media & viestintä, Medienwissenschaft : Rezensionen, Nordicom information, Suomen lehdistö, Utain, Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 10, Zurnalistika, Zurnalist). Sähkökirjoja kokoelmassa oli yhteensä 499 nimekettä: 462 nimekettä Ebrary–tietokannassa,13 nimekettä NetLibrary -tietokannassa ja 24 viestinnän käsikirjaa Nellin E-käsikirjastossa. Verkkolehtiä kokoelmassa oli yhteensä 100. Tietokantoja oli 10, joista kokotekstilehtiä EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete, SAGE Journals Online (Premier), ScienceDirect (Elsevier) ja viitetietokantoja Aikakauslehtitutkimuksen tietokanta, CIOS ComAbstracts, CIOS Open Journals Index, Ncom – Database on Nordic Media and Communication Research, Ncom: Nordic Media Research Publications ja PAIS International.

L'Univers

1870/04/29 (Numéro 1088).

Degenerative rotator cuff tear – Results and prognostic factors of arthroscopic repair

Factors affecting outcome after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are unclear and there is still insufficient evidence of efficacy of any treatment modality for rotator cuff tears. The purpose of the current study was to determine in a prospective randomized multicenter trial whether there is a difference in clinical outcome between three different treatment modalities in the treatment of degenerative, atraumatic supraspinatus tendon tear in elderly patients. 180 shoulders were randomized into three treatment groups: 1) physiotherapy, 2) arthroscopic acromioplasty and physiotherapy, 3) arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction, acromioplasty and physiotherapy. The objective of this study was also to evaluate retrospectively the effect of trauma, the size of the rotator cuff tear, smoking habits and glenohumeral osteoarthritis on the clinical treatment outcome after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a consecutively prospectively collected series of patients. The patient data was gathered to the electronic database. The Constant score was used as a primary outcome measure. The follow‐up time was one year. The main finding was that operative treatment did not provide benefit over conservative regimen in elderly patients with atraumatic supraspinatus tear. Trauma did not affect on the clinical outcome and there was neither difference in the age of patients with traumatic vs. non‐traumatic rotator cuff tears. The size of the rotator cuff tear correlated significantly with the clinical results. The outcome was significantly poorer in tears with infraspinatus involvement compared to anterosuperior tears. Operatively treated rotator cuff tear patients who smoked were significantly younger than non‐smokers, and smoking was associated with poorer clinical outcome. Concomitant osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint was found to be a relatively common finding in supraspinatus tear patients. Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint in operatively treated supraspinatus tear patients predicted poorer clinical results comparing to patients without osteoarthritis.

Le Petit journal. Supplément du dimanche

1911/09/24 (Numéro 1088).

L'Écho de Paris

1887/03/08 (Numéro 1088).

Mélanges historiques sur la Champagne, l'Artois et la Picardie.

Contient : Extraits d'un livre de réception des chanoines de l'église de Troyes ; Ligues des nobles de Champagne, Vermandois, Beauvaisis, etc ; Extraits de l'obituaire de Saint-Étienne de Troyes ; Extraits des chartes de Montier-la-Celle ; Accord entre Blanche, comtesse de Champagne, et Érard de Brienne ; Pièces relatives à l'abbaye de Signy ; Accord entre Jean de Châtillon, comte de Porcien, et l'abbaye de Saint-Hubert en Ardennes ; Chartes des seigneurs de Bazoches ; Extraits du cartulaire de l'abbaye du Charme-aux-Nonnains ; Charte de Gisla pour Sainte-Gertrude de Nivelles ; Extrait du martyrologe de l'église de Laon ; Bulles et chartes relatives à la même église ; Notice sur Gaudri, évêque de Laon ; Chartes de Saint-Jean de Laon ; Chartes concernant le diocèse de Laon ; Fondation de la chapelle de La Neuville-en-Hez ; Notice d'une donation faite par Guillaume le Conquérant à Saint-Étienne de Caen ; Diplôme de Robert le Pieux pour Saint-Vaast, daté de 1039 ; Chartes concernant les comtés de Boulogne et de Ponthieu ; Extraits de chartes concernant le diocèse d'Arras ; Extraits concernant les comtes de Saint-Pol ; Extrait des titres de Saint-Vaast d'Arras ; Extraits concernant les comtes de Flandre ; Diplôme d'Eudes pour Saint-Vaast ; Charte du comte Albert pour l'abbaye de Saint-Quentin ; Charte de Baudouin, comte de Flandre, pour Saint-Pierre au Mont-Blandin ; Extraits du cartulaire du Mont-Saint-Martin ; Épitaphes diverses de l'Artois ; Funérailles de Louis de Male, comte de Flandre