346 resultados para verbs


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A continuidade categorial é uma propriedade indiscutível da linguagem para a tradição funcionalista, que a trata como um verdadeiro universal linguístico. Além de buscar evidência sistemática para a comprovação desse axioma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a estrutura argumental da nominalização, num esforço concentrado por demonstrar que esse mesmo princípio universal é metodologicamente útil e teoricamente válido para postular relações intralinguísticas de continuidade categorial mesmo entre classes aparentemente discretas como as de substantivo e verbo. A trajetória percorrida para a sustentação da hipótese da continuidade categorial passa necessariamente pela comprovação de uma hipótese secundária, a de preservação de valência, postulada por Dik (1985; 1997), segundo a qual a estrutura argumental é parte constitutiva da nominalização. Essa busca não teria êxito se a trajetória percorrida não utilizasse um atalho necessário, representado pela teoria prototípica de categorização. De fato, postular a existência de categorias intermediárias, como a de nominalização, implica necessariamente a existência de membros mais prototípicos de uma categoria. A existência de estrutura argumental, que sinaliza a representação de entidades de ordem superior, permite aproximar a nominalização de membros não-prototípicos da categoria dos verbos como formas não-finitas, enquanto a ausência de estrutura argumental, que sinaliza a representação de uma entidade de primeira ordem, permitiu aproximá-lo de membros prototípicos da categoria dos substantivos

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The present study aims at the occurrence of a particular type of construction in Italian language, namely the paratactic verbal constructions (henceforth, PVCs), previously named by Rodrigues (2006) as “foi fez constructions” (FFCs). The present study is part of the research project “Gramaticalização de construções em línguas românicas: um estudo comparativo” (2011a), supervised by Professor Dr Angélica Terezinha Carmo Rodrigues, developed in this University. The constructions analized here, accordingly to Rodrigues (2006), are described as a sequence of two or more inflected verbs, connected or not by the conjunction and, such as: “eu fui (e) comprei um carro”, “ele pegou (e) falou”, in Brazilian Portuguese (PB), and “se ne va e piange”, “prendo e me ne vado”, in Italian. The hypothesis sustained here, based on Rodrigues’ project (2011a), is that these constructions are grammaticalized out of coordinated constructions. Herein, the objectives of this research are: (a) present a description and an analysis of the PVCs in Italian (b) compare the constructions in Portuguese and in Italian; and (c) present empirical arguments on the hypothesys that the PVCs derive from coordinate constructions. Besides being part of the research project previously mentioned, we choose to work with the PVCs because of their recurrence in the Romanic languages. Furthermore, the studies related to this type of construction in the Italian language are scarce and these constructions consist as an aspect of the Italian grammar hardly studied. This research is based upon a functional approach of the grammar, seeking for a dialogue with the studies... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The production of a dictionary always generates controversy about decisions to be taken by the lexicographer. They are based – a priori – in previous theoretical and methodological choices. What we mean by dictionary? Why making certain choices rather than others? How to reconcile (if there is a reconciliation) the different approaches to describe the lexicon? The objective here is to contribute with theoretical and methodological reflections related to the Juruna Lexicography (Yudjá), as well as for lexicographical studies camp. This text addresses critical points of dictionaries production processes – if we may so call it – the history of the act of making a dictionary, so we can discuss choices to be taken to the entries of verbs in the Juruna-Portuguese bilingual dictionary assembly provided as a long term project result, in which some collaborators are working, including community’s indigenous. The work contains sections that will raise historical and linguistic discussions about the compilation of a dictionary and how this act binds to the applicability for the subjects that use this instrument firming / mobilizer of the lexicon visions. The focus here will be to discuss the verbs entries in the Juruna dictionary (stemming), taking lexicographical history as a contributor to certain choices of dictionaries production nowadays, whether for mother tongue, for foreign language, specialized lexicons, semantic groups, and systematizations for languages that are starting/beginning a first publication of dictionaries

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The aim of this article is to present part of the results of a study concerning the lexicon employed by students learning Spanish language in a Languages degree (Undergraduate Education program). We describe the use and the context in which two verbal forms occur. We made use of Corpus Linguistics theory in order to compile two corpora of descriptive and argumentative compositions and observe the use of two Spanish verbs (haber and tener – third person singular). 250 compositions from first and second year students were collected. The WordSmith Tools software was applied to generate the list of words and the list of concordance. The verbal forms hay and tiene were the most used, and in some cases they were applied inappropriately when compared to the traditional Spanish grammar and to an electronic corpus. The results were discussed in class and were important to raise consciousness in relation to the students’ textual production.

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As a more extensive issue, this paper deals with the polysemy attested in all Romance languages between interrogative pronouns and subordination markers in complex sentences. It investigates, specifically, the behavior of objective complement clauses introduced by “como” (“how”) in constructions in which they occur as equivalent to the meaning of prototypical declarative complement clause introduced by the conjunction “que” (“that”). It analyzes complement clauses introduced by “como” and “que” occurring in representative Portuguese texts from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries. The results of the comparative analysis between the two forms of clausal complement show that in archaic Portuguese “como” was used primarily to introduce complement clauses of factive verbs. When the complement clause is introduced by “como”, the content that is presupposed as true due to the meaning of matrix verb has reinforced this factuality. In the passage from the archaic to the modern period, there was a drastic decrease in the frequency of occurrences of complement clauses with “como”, which are replaced by the form of completive introduced by the conjunction “que” in the context of factual constructions. In contemporary Portuguese, this replacement is fully established. Complement clauses with “como” remain rare and limited to specific contexts in which “como” maintains its reinforcement function of factual meaning.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)