Opłata planistyczna. Studium finansowoprawne

Wydział Prawa i Administracji: Katedra Prawa Finansowego

La planificación territorial de la política de renovación de las áreas turísticas maduras. Planes de Renovación, Mejora e Incremento de la Competitividad de Canarias

La renovación integral del espacio público y privado de las áreas turísticas maduras se plantea como el elemento de articulación de la política turística. Sin embargo, la experiencia acumulada plantea la necesidad de generar escenarios de buena gobernanza del territorio, en detrimento de la implementación de una estrategia de intervención pública por la vía impositiva de la norma. Para ello, la política pública de las Islas Canarias (España) ha incorporado un singular y novedoso instrumento de ordenación territorial: los “Planes de Modernización, Mejora e Incremento de la Competitividad”. Se trata de planes ad hoc que, con un carácter excepcional, pretenden convertirse en los mecanismos que, vía convenio urbanístico, deben dar cobertura, viabilizar y agilizar la ejecución eficiente de los proyectos de renovación física de los alojamientos turísticos. Sin embargo, la implementación de estos planes no está exenta de complicaciones, las cuales están reduciendo su eficiencia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las debilidades y potencialidades de estos instrumentos, susceptibles de ser aplicados a ámbitos turísticos similares.

Análise das metodologias de caracterização e delimitação da estrutura ecológica nos planos municipais de ordenamento do território do Alentejo

O estágio realizado teve como objetivo analisar as metodologias de caracterização utilizadas aquando da delimitação da estrutura ecológica municipal de cada concelho alentejano. Propõe-se que este trabalho reflita e sistematize as diferentes perspetivas levadas a cabo na execução dos planos de ordenamento do território (à escala municipal). Pretende-se sobretudo verificar se esta delimitação vai, ou não, ao encontro da perspetiva da Arquitetura Paisagista e de que forma deve esta ser transposta para os processos de planeamento e se cumpre as orientações de carácter geral constantes do PROTA. Hoje em dia, a preservação ambiental já vem sendo considerada uma questão de ordem social, pelo que devemos dirigir--nos para a adoção de um novo padrão de atuação que apreenda o elevado grau de degradação ambiental atual. Este padrão implica o reconhecimento das componentes ambiental, ecológica e paisagística nos processos de planeamento e gestão, fazendo com que a componente ecológica e ambiental seja tida em consideração a par dos elementos construídos e dos económicos e sociais; ABSTRACT: Analysis of Characterization and Delimitation Methodologies of the Ecological Structure in the Municipal Plans for the Alentejo Regional Planning The objective of this internship was to analyze the characterization methodologies during the delimitation of the municipal ecological structure of each county in the Alentejo region. It is proposed that this work reflects and systematizes different perspectives undertaken in the implementation of territory development plans territory (at the municipal level). It is primarily intended to determine if that definition will, or not, meet the perspective of Landscape Architecture and how this should be implemented in the planning processes, and also if that definition follows the general guidelines fixed by the Regional Plan for Spatial Planning of Alentejo. Nowadays, environmental protection has already been considered a matter of social order, thus we must guide ourselves to the adoption of a new standard of performance to seize the high level of current environmental degradation. This pattern implies the recognition of the environmental, ecological and landscape components in planning and management processes, causing ecological and environmental aspects to be taken into consideration alongside the built, economic and social elements.

"Last-Mile" preparation for a potential disaster - Interdisciplinary approach towards tsunami early warning and an evacuation information system for the coastal city of Padang, Indonesia

Extreme natural events, like e.g. tsunamis or earthquakes, regularly lead to catastrophes with dramatic consequences. In recent years natural disasters caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, destruction of infrastructure, disruption of economic activity and loss of billions of dollars worth of property and thus revealed considerable deficits hindering their effective management: Needs for stakeholders, decision-makers as well as for persons concerned include systematic risk identification and evaluation, a way to assess countermeasures, awareness raising and decision support systems to be employed before, during and after crisis situations. The overall goal of this study focuses on interdisciplinary integration of various scientific disciplines to contribute to a tsunami early warning information system. In comparison to most studies our focus is on high-end geometric and thematic analysis to meet the requirements of smallscale, heterogeneous and complex coastal urban systems. Data, methods and results from engineering, remote sensing and social sciences are interlinked and provide comprehensive information for disaster risk assessment, management and reduction. In detail, we combine inundation modeling, urban morphology analysis, population assessment, socioeconomic analysis of the population and evacuation modeling. The interdisciplinary results eventually lead to recommendations for mitigation strategies in the fields of spatial planning or coping capacity. © Author(s) 2009.

Kwantyfikacja wybranych świadczeń ekosystemów na poziomie lokalnym. Przykład gminy Krajenka

Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych

Bancos de pesca de cerco e da pequena pesca costeira do sotavento Algarvio

A exploração sustentável dos recursos marinhos da costa portuguesa tem sido de forma crescente colocada em causa devido a diversos factores, designadamente pelo aumento do esforço da pesca, conduzindo a uma grande preocupação na sua gestão. A prespectiva relacionada com o surgimento e crescimento de outras actividades de exploração dos recursos do mar na região vem aumentar ainda mais essa preocupação. Nesse contexto, novos desafios surgiram, particularmente no âmbito da gestão e planeamento espacial (Planeamento Espacial Marítimo / Marine Spatial Planning). De facto, com o aumento de diversas actividades no mar, designadamente das aquaculturas em mar aberto (offshore) e das armações de atum, a gestão espacial encontra-se cada vez mais na ordem do dia, articularmente na costa algarvia. Estes factos, associados com a real competição por espaço entre as diferentes frotas, foram os principais motivadores e impulsionadores para a execução do presente projecto. Este estudo encontra-se integrado no projecto “Mapeamento de bancos de pesca do Sotavento algarvio (Pescamap Sotavento) do Programa Operacional Pesca 2007-2013 (Promar) e vem no seguimento de outro projecto similar realizado para a zona costeira do Barlavento algarvio (Bancos de pesca do Cerco e da Pequena Pesca Costeira do Barlavento Algarvio). Ambos foram co-financiados pelo Fundo Europeu das Pescas (FEP) e contaram com os apoios institucionais, no Sotavento, da Associação de Armadores do Porto da Fuzeta (APPF) e da Organização de Produtores de Pescado Algarve (OLHÃOPESCAS).

Biodiversidade marinha do sublitoral entre a ponta da piedade e a praia do barranco

A sustentabilidade dos recursos marinhos da costa portuguesa tem sido de forma crescente posta em causa devido a variados factores, nomeadamente pelo aumento do esforço da pesca, com consequência na redução de alguns mananciais (e.g. pescada, lagostim), conduzindo a uma grande apreensão no que concerne à sua gestão. Por outro lado, novos desafios têm surgido na última década, sobretudo no contexto da gestão espacial (Planeamento Espacial Marítimo / Marine Spatial Planning), com particular evidência na costa algarvia. Devido ao aumento das actividades no mar, aquaculturas em mar aberto, armações de atum, áreas de reserva de areia (manchas de empréstimo) e zonas de fundeio, mas também devido às disputas entre as diferentes frotas pesqueiras, a gestão espacial tem estado cada vez mais na ordem do dia. Estes factos foram em grande medida os principais motivadores e impulsionadores para a execução do presente projecto. O presente estudo encontra-se integrado no projecto “Mapeamento de bancos de pesca algarvios PescaMap) do Programa Operacional Pesca 2007-2013 (Promar), co-financiado pelo Fundo Europeu das Pescas (FEP). O projecto contou com os apoios institucionais da Cooperativa dos Armadores de Pesca do Barlavento CRL (BarlaPescas), da Docapesca, Marina de Lagos, da Associação dos Pescadores do Portinho da Arrifana e Costa Vicentina (APPACV) e da Câmara Municipal de Aljezur.

Bancos de pesca do cerco e da pequena pesca costeira do barlavento Algarvio

A sustentabilidade dos recursos marinhos da costa portuguesa tem sido de forma crescente posta em causa devido a variados factores, nomeadamente pelo aumento do esforço da pesca, com consequência na redução de alguns mananciais (e.g. sardinha, pescada, lagostim), conduzindo à grande apreensão no que concerne à sua gestão. Por outro lado, novos desafios têm surgido na última década, sobretudo no contexto da gestão espacial (Planeamento Espacial Marítimo / Marine Spatial Planning), com particular evidência na costa algarvia. Devido ao aumento das actividades no mar, aquaculturas em mar aberto, armações de atum, áreas de reserva de areia e zonas de fundeio, mas também devido às disputas entre as diferentes frotas, a gestão espacial tem estado cada vez mais na ordem do dia. Estes factos foram em grande medida os principais motivadores e impulsionadores para a execução do presente projecto. O presente estudo encontra-se integrado no projecto “Mapeamento de bancos de pesca algarvios (PescaMap) do Programa Operacional Pesca 2007-2013 (Promar), co-financiado pelo Fundo Europeu das Pescas (FEP). O projecto contou com os apoios institucionais da Cooperativa dos Armadores de Pesca do Barlavento CRL (BarlaPescas) e da Câmara Municipal de Aljezur.

Biodiversidade marinha do sublitoral da Arrifana

A sustentabilidade dos recursos marinhos da costa portuguesa tem sido posta em causa de forma crescente devido a variados factores, nomeadamente pelo aumento do esforço da pesca, com consequência na redução de alguns mananciais (por ex. a sardinha ou a pescada), conduzindo a uma grande apreensão na sua gestão. Por outro lado, novos desafios têm surgido na última década, sobretudo no contexto da gestão espacial maritima (Marine Spatial Planning), com particular evidência na costa algarvia. Efectivamente, nesta zona, devido ao aumento das actividades das aquaculturas de mar aberto ou “offshores” e das armações de atum, mas também devido às disputas habituais entre as diferentes frotas, a gestão espacial tem estado cada vez mais na ordem do dia. Estes factos foram em grande medida os principais motivadores e impulsionadores para a execução do presente trabalho. O presente estudo encontra-se integrado no projecto “Mapeamento de bancos de pesca algarvios (PescaMap) do Programa Operacional Pesca 2007-2013 (Promar), co-financiado pelo Fundo Europeu das Pescas (FEP). O projecto conta com os apoios institucionais das câmaras dos oito concelhos do Barlavento algarvio (Vila do Bispo, Aljezur, Lagos, Monchique, Portimão, Lagoa, Silves e Albufeira) e da Cooperativa dos Armadores de Pesca do Barlavento CRL (BarlaPescas). O projecto teve em primeiro lugar como principal propósito, produzir mapas dos principais bancos de pesca da frota do cerco e da frota artesanal. Em segundo lugar, o grupo de investigação do CCMAR comprometeu-se a inventariar a biodiversidade marinha de duas importantes zonas subtidais da costa Algarvia, ambas localizadas no Parque Marinho do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina: uma na costa ocidental que incluiu as Pedras da Agulha e da Carraça e a costa norte adjacente à Praia da Arrifana (concelho de Aljezur) e outra na costa sul, entre a ponta da Piedade e a praia do Barranco (concelhos de Lagos e de Vila do Bispo).

Irish state infrastructural investment: an analysis of past patterns, and an outline of a future integrated systems of systems evaluation methodology

The literature clearly links the quality and capacity of a country’s infrastructure to its economic growth and competitiveness. This thesis analyses the historic national and spatial distribution of investment by the Irish state in its physical networks (water, wastewater and roads) across the 34 local authorities and examines how Ireland is perceived internationally relative to its economic counterparts. An appraisal of the current status and shortcomings of Ireland’s infrastructure is undertaken using key stakeholders from foreign direct investment companies and national policymakers to identify Ireland's infrastructural gaps, along with current challenges in how the country is delivering infrastructure. The output of these interviews identified many issues with how infrastructure decision-making is currently undertaken. This led to an evaluation of how other countries are informing decision-making, and thus this thesis presents a framework of how and why Ireland should embrace a Systems of Systems (SoS) methodology approach to infrastructure decision-making going forward. In undertaking this study a number of other infrastructure challenges were identified: significant political interference in infrastructure decision-making and delivery the need for a national agency to remove the existing ‘silo’ type of mentality to infrastructure delivery how tax incentives can interfere with the market; and their significance. The two key infrastructure gaps identified during the interview process were: the need for government intervention in the rollout of sufficient communication capacity and at a competitive cost outside of Dublin; and the urgent need to address water quality and capacity with approximately 25% of the population currently being served by water of unacceptable quality. Despite considerable investment in its national infrastructure, Ireland’s infrastructure performance continues to trail behind its economic partners in the Eurozone and OECD. Ireland is projected to have the highest growth rate in the euro zone region in 2015 and 2016, albeit that it required a bailout in 2010, and, at the time of writing, is beginning to invest in its infrastructure networks again. This thesis proposes the development and implementation of a SoS approach for infrastructure decision-making which would be based on: existing spatial and capacity data of each of the constituent infrastructure networks; and scenario computation and analysis of alternative drivers eg. Demographic change, economic variability and demand/capacity constraints. The output from such an analysis would provide valuable evidence upon which policy makers and decision makers alike could rely, which has been lacking in historic investment decisions.

Assessing the suitability of existing spatial data for disaster planning and mitigation in Queensland

The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) in 2003 gave in-principle approval to a best-practice report recommending a holistic approach to managing natural disasters in Australia incorporating a move from a traditional response-centric approach to a greater focus on mitigation, recovery and resilience with community well-being at the core. Since that time, there have been a range of complementary developments that have supported the COAG recommended approach. Developments have been administrative, legislative and technological, both, in reaction to the COAG initiative and resulting from regular natural disasters. This paper reviews the characteristics of the spatial data that is becoming increasingly available at Federal, state and regional jurisdictions with respect to their being fit for the purpose for disaster planning and mitigation and strengthening community resilience. In particular, Queensland foundation spatial data, which is increasingly accessible by the public under the provisions of the Right to Information Act 2009, Information Privacy Act 2009, and recent open data reform initiatives are evaluated. The Fitzroy River catchment and floodplain is used as a case study for the review undertaken. The catchment covers an area of 142,545 km2, the largest river catchment flowing to the eastern coast of Australia. The Fitzroy River basin experienced extensive flooding during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods. The basin is an area of important economic, environmental and heritage values and contains significant infrastructure critical for the mining and agricultural sectors, the two most important economic sectors for Queensland State. Consequently, the spatial datasets for this area play a critical role in disaster management and for protecting critical infrastructure essential for economic and community well-being. The foundation spatial datasets are assessed for disaster planning and mitigation purposes using data quality indicators such as resolution, accuracy, integrity, validity and audit trail.

Mining temporal and spatial travel regularities for transit planning

Smart Card data from Automated Fare Collection system has been considered as a promising source of information for transit planning. However, literature has been limited to mining travel patterns from transit users and suggesting the potential of using this information. This paper proposes a method for mining spatial regular origins-destinations and temporal habitual travelling time from transit users. These travel regularity are discussed as being useful for transit planning. After reconstructing the travel itineraries, three levels of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) have been utilised to retrieve travel regularity of each of each frequent transit users. Analyses of passenger classifications and personal travel time variability estimation are performed as the examples of using travel regularity in transit planning. The methodology introduced in this paper is of interest for transit authorities in planning and managements

A GIS (geographical information system)-based spatial data mining approach for optimal location and capacity planning of distributed biomass power generation facilities: A case study of Tumkur district, India

This paper primarily intends to develop a GIS (geographical information system)-based data mining approach for optimally selecting the locations and determining installed capacities for setting up distributed biomass power generation systems in the context of decentralized energy planning for rural regions. The optimal locations within a cluster of villages are obtained by matching the installed capacity needed with the demand for power, minimizing the cost of transportation of biomass from dispersed sources to power generation system, and cost of distribution of electricity from the power generation system to demand centers or villages. The methodology was validated by using it for developing an optimal plan for implementing distributed biomass-based power systems for meeting the rural electricity needs of Tumkur district in India consisting of 2700 villages. The approach uses a k-medoid clustering algorithm to divide the total region into clusters of villages and locate biomass power generation systems at the medoids. The optimal value of k is determined iteratively by running the algorithm for the entire search space for different values of k along with demand-supply matching constraints. The optimal value of the k is chosen such that it minimizes the total cost of system installation, costs of transportation of biomass, and transmission and distribution. A smaller region, consisting of 293 villages was selected to study the sensitivity of the results to varying demand and supply parameters. The results of clustering are represented on a GIS map for the region.

On trip planning queries in spatial databases

In this paper we discuss a new type of query in Spatial Databases, called Trip Planning Query (TPQ). Given a set of points P in space, where each point belongs to a category, and given two points s and e, TPQ asks for the best trip that starts at s, passes through exactly one point from each category, and ends at e. An example of a TPQ is when a user wants to visit a set of different places and at the same time minimize the total travelling cost, e.g. what is the shortest travelling plan for me to visit an automobile shop, a CVS pharmacy outlet, and a Best Buy shop along my trip from A to B? The trip planning query is an extension of the well-known TSP problem and therefore is NP-hard. The difficulty of this query lies in the existence of multiple choices for each category. In this paper, we first study fast approximation algorithms for the trip planning query in a metric space, assuming that the data set fits in main memory, and give the theory analysis of their approximation bounds. Then, the trip planning query is examined for data sets that do not fit in main memory and must be stored on disk. For the disk-resident data, we consider two cases. In one case, we assume that the points are located in Euclidean space and indexed with an Rtree. In the other case, we consider the problem of points that lie on the edges of a spatial network (e.g. road network) and the distance between two points is defined using the shortest distance over the network. Finally, we give an experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithms using synthetic data sets generated on real road networks.