Potencial larvicida de extratos de plantas regionais no controle de larvas de Aedes Aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae)

Dengue, amongst the virus illnesses one can get by vectorial transmission, is the one that causes more impact in the morbidity and mortality of world s population. The resistance to the insecticides has caused difficulties to control of vector insect (Aedes aegypti) and has stimulated a search for vegetables with larvicidal activity. The biodiversity of Caatinga is barely known and it is potential of use even less. Some plants of this biome are commercialized in free fairs northeast of Brazil, because of its phytotherapics properties. The vegetables in this study had been selected by means of a questionnaire applied between grass salesmen and natives of the Serido region from Rio Grande do Norte state; culicids eggs had been acquired with traps and placed in container with water for the larva birth. Thirty larvae had been used in each group (a group control and five experimental groups), with four repetitions four times. The vegetables had been submitted to the processes of decoction, infusion and maceration in the standard concentration of 100g of the vegetable of study in 1l of H2O and analyzed after ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours for verification of the average lethal dose (LD50) from the groups with thirty larva. The LD50 was analyzed in different concentrations (50g/l, 100g/l, 150g/l, 200g/l e 300g/l) of Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. 48 extracts of rind, leaf and stem of the seven vegetal species: Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., Mimosa verrucosa Benth, Mimosa hostilis (Mart.) Benth., Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Ximenia americana L, Bumelia sartorum Mart Zizyphus joazeiro Mart, had been analyzed. The extracts proceeding from the three methods were submitted to the freezedrying, to evaluate and to quantify substances extracted in each process. The results had shown that Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão are the species that are more distinguished as larvicidal after 24 hours of experiment, in all used processes of extraction in the assays. The Zizyphus joazeiro Mart species has not shown larvicidal activity in none of the assays. In relation to the extraction method, the decoction was the most efficient method in the mortality tax of the A. aegypti larvae

Zoneamento pedoclimático da Chapada do Araripe: levantamento de reconhecimento de baixa e média intensidade de solos da folha Cedro (Escala 1:100.000).

Informações sobre as potencialidades e limitações dos ambientes são fundamentais para o manejo adequado dos ecossistemas. A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar uma espacialização dos ambientes da Folha Cedro, Estado do Ceará na escala 1:100.000, visando o desenvolvimento regional e sustentável da mesorregião da Chapada do Araripe. A folha mapeada apresenta uma área em torno de 640 km2, e está localizada na região Sul do Estado do Ceará, envolvendo parte da Chapada do Araripe. Nesta região de clima ameno, ocorre precipitação média anual mais baixa do Estado, cerca de 900mm sendo irregular na distribuição das chuvas. A vegetação predominante é a floresta. A área foi dividida em 10 unidades de mapeamento diferenciados em função das classes de solos, do arranjo e distribuição em toposseqüências, e do grau xerofítico da vegetação.

Potencial de uso da erva medicinal Cybopogon citratus no controle de fitopatógenos do feijoeiro e plantas daninhas em áreas irrigadas.

Para avaliar a erva medicinal Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limao) no controle de fitopatogenos e de plantas daninhas em feijoeiro, foram instalados experimentos utilizando diferentes subprodutos da planta. O oleo essencial de C. citratus a 10% obtido de folhas inibiu totalmente o crescimento micelial de Fusarium solani f. sp phaseoli, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Rhizoctonia solani, ao passo que Sclerotium rolfsii apresentou-se menos sensivel, apesar da substancia reduzir significativamente o diametro medio das colonias do fungo. Tambem o oleo de C. citratus a 10% promoveu inibicao total da germinacao de sementes de Digitaria horizontalis (capim-colchao), Sorghum halepense (capim-massambara), Bidens pilosa (picao-preto), Euphorbia heterophylla (amendoim-bravo, leiteiro) e Raphanus raphanistrum (nabica). O oleo inibiu parcialmente a germinacao de Echinochloa crusgalli (capim-arroz) e nao afetou a germinacao de Portulaca oleracea (beldroega). Em casa de vegetacao, o oleo de folhas a 10% afetou a emergencia do feijoeiro, enquanto o po (folha seca moida) incrementou a emergencia para 97% contra 75% e 88% em solos infestados com R. solani e F. solani, respectivamente. Em condicoes de campo, observou-se reducao da incidencia de F. solani e R. solani nas parcelas tratadas com suspensao aquosa de oleo de C. citratus a 1% e 5% no sulco de plantio e em tratamento de sementes a 0,5%. A analise da producao nao evidenciou diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos. Para verificar o efeito da combinacao do uso de C. citratus e da reducao de doses dos herbicidas, foram ultilizados os herbicidas pos-emergentes fomesafen e fenoxaprop-etil nas doses usadas pelo produtor (0,619 l ia/ha de cada produto) e a 80% destas doses. As especies de plantas daninhas predominantes foram: P. oleracea, Eleusine indica (capim-pe-de-galinha) e Amaranthus deflexus (caruru).

Caracterização morfoanatômica e histoquímica de Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.f. Macbr. (Lythraceae)

Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. is an herb, which occurs preferably in wet places. Amongst other species of the genus, C. carthagenensis is distinguished for its great chemical potential and frequent use in popular medicine. In this study the morphological and anatomical structures were identified, as well as the histochemical characterization was done. Samples of root, stem and leaves were collected from adult plants. This material was processed for anatomical and histochemical analysis in light microscopy and for morphological analysis, in scanning electron microscopy. Important morphological and anatomical considerations were added for C. carthagenensis, such as: the occurrence of aerenchymatous phellem with suberized layers; the types of trichomes present in the vegetative organs, the characterization of secretory trichomes, as well as the secreted substances. The groups of secondary metabolites presents in the root, stem and leaf of C. carthagenensis with more intense histochemical reaction were: proanthocyanidins, phenolic compounds, acids polysaccharides (mucilage especially) and lipids.

Manejando o lazer em areas de potencial ecoturistico : o caso do Colegio Agricola de Jundiai/RN

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Produção de massa seca, relação folha/colmo e alguns índices de crescimento do Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés cultivado com a combinação de doses de nitrogênio e potássio

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de massa seca das folhas, a relação folha/colmo e alguns índices de crescimento do capim-xaraés submetido a doses de nitrogênio (N) e potássio (K). O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação no período de novembro/2004 a fevereiro/2005. Adotou-se esquema fatorial 4 ´ 3, perfazendo 12 combinações, as quais foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, perfazendo um total 48 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas quatro doses de N (0, 75, 150 e 225 mg dm-3) e três doses de K (0, 50 e 100 mg dm-3). Verificou-se efeito das doses de N na produção de massa seca das folhas e na produção de massa seca total, em todos os cortes, com maior produção nas doses mais elevadas de N, ao passo que o K influenciou essas variáveis apenas no segundo corte. A relação folha/colmo, a RAF, a AFE e a RPF somente foram significativas no terceiro corte da planta. Os efeitos das doses de foram decrescentes sobre essas variáveis, enquanto as doses de K agiram de modo antagônico às doses de N sobre a RAF e AFE.

Novos registros e potencial epidemiológico de algumas espécies de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae), no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

INTRODUÇÃO: A vigilância entomológica tem se mostrado uma importante estratégia de monitoramento da fauna de culicídeos com vistas a predizer o risco de exposição a espécies vetoras de patógenos. Esse trabalho apresenta uma lista de mosquitos identificados pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul e discute o potencial epidemiológico de algumas espécies ocorrentes no Município de Maquiné com registros em outras regiões do Estado. MÉTODOS: Os mosquitos foram coletados com aspirador de Nasci e armadilhas CDC, entre dezembro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008, em área silvestre, rural e urbana do Município de Maquiné. RESULTADOS: Foram verificadas 55 espécies, das quais 22 são registradas pela primeira vez no estado e 10 são potencialmente vetoras do vírus Saint Louis, Oropouche, Aura, Trocara, Ilhéus, Rocio, Una, West Nile e encefalite equina do leste. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados demonstram a importância da Vigilância Entomológica como ferramenta de informação e ação para a Vigilância em Saúde.

Allelopathic potential of bark and leaves of Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. (Rutaceae)

We investigated the inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. on lettuce germination and early seedling growth. We compared the effects of four concentrations (100, 75, 50 and 25%) of each extract to water and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution controls for four replicates of 50 seeds tor germination and four replicates of ten seedlings for seedling growth. The inhibitory effects of E. leiocarpa extracts on the percentage of germination and on the germination speed seemed to be inure than simply an osmotic effect, except for the percentage of seeds germinated in bark extracts. When compared to water control. both bark and leaf extracts delayed germination, and leaf extracts also affected the percentage of germinated seeds. Leaf ex tracts of all concentrations strongly inhibited the development of seedlings and caused them some degree of abnormality; bark extracts also caused abnormalities and reduced seedling growth. Root development was more sensitive to the extracts than hypocotyl growth. The negative effects of leaf extracts on germination and seedling growth were more pronounced than those of bark extracts, and the overall effects of both extracts were positively correlated with extract concentrations.

Horticultural performance of `Folha Murcha` sweet orange onto twelve rootstocks

Despite its outstanding position, the Brazilian citriculture is established on a very limited pool of varieties that limits its expansion and restricts the fruit availability throughout the year. This situation determines the urgent necessity of developing alternative scion and rootstock cultivars, with good performance under local conditions. `Folha Murcha` sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a late-harvest cultivar, suitable both for the juice processing industry and the fresh fruit market, being described as tolerant to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al.), and less affected by citrus variegated chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.). A study was conducted in Bebedouro, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the horticultural performance of `Folha Murcha` sweet orange budded onto 12 rootstocks: the citrandarin `Changsha` mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) x Poncirus trifoliata `English Small`: the hybrid `Rangpur` lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) x `Swingle` citrumelo (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf x Citrus paradisi Macfad.); the trifoliates (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.)`Rubidoux`, `FCAV`, and `Flying Dragon` (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa); the `Sun Chu Sha Kat` mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco); the `Sunki` mandarin (Citrus sunki (Hayata) Hart. ex. Tanaka); the `Rangpur` limes (C. limonia Osbeck) `Cravo Limeira` and `Cravo FCAV`; `Carrizo` citrange (C. sinensis x P. trifoliata), `Swingle` citrumelo (P. trifoliata x C. paradisi), and `Orlando` tangelo (C. paradisi x Citrus tangerina cv. `Dancy`). The experimental grove was planted in 2001, using a 7 m x 4 m spacing, in a randomized block design, with five replications and two plants per plot. No supplementary irrigation was applied. Fruit yield, canopy volume, tree tolerance to drought and to citrus variegated chlorosis, and fruit quality were assessed for each rootstock. Trees grafted onto the `Flying Dragon` trifoliate were smaller in size, but had largest yield efficiency when compared to those grafted onto other rootstocks. Lower alternate bearing index was observed on trees budded onto `Cravo FCAV` `Rangpur` lime. Both `Rangpur` lime rootstocks and the `Sunki` mandarin induced higher tree tolerance to drought. The `Flying Dragon` trifoliate induced better fruit quality and higher tolerance to citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) to `Folha Murcha` trees. A cluster multivariate analysis identified three groups of rootstocks with similar effects on `Folha Murcha` tree performance. Among the 12 evaluated rootstocks, the `Flying Dragon` trifoliate has a unique effect on plant growth, tolerance to drought and CVC, fruit yield and fruit quality of `Folha Murcha` trees, and may be better suited for high-density plantings. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seasonal dynamics of a drosophilid (Diptera) assemblage and its potencial as bioindicator in open environments

Drosophila Fallen, 1823 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) is for long a well-established model organism for genetics and evolutionary research. The ecology of these flies, however, has only recently been better studied. Recent papers show that Drosophila assemblies can be used as bioindicators of forested environment degradation. In this work the bioindicator potential of drosophilids was evaluated in a naturally opened environment, a coastal strand-forest (restinga). Data from nine consecutive seasonal collections revealed strong temporal fluctuation pattern of the majority of Drosophila species groups. Drosophila willistoni group was more abundant at autumns, whereas D. cardini and D. tripunctata groups were, respectively, expressive at winters and springs, and D. repleta group at both seasons. The exotic species D. simulans Sturtevant, 1919 (from D. melanogaster group) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 were most abundant at summers. Overall, the assemblage structure did not show the same characteristics of forested or urban environments, but was similar to the forests at winters and to cities at summers. This raises the question that this locality may already been under urbanization impact. Also, this can be interpreted as an easily invaded site for exotic species, what might lead to biotic homogenization and therefore can put in check the usage of drosophilid assemblages as bioindicators at open environments.

Consolida????o autom??tica da folha de pagamento de pessoal

Este projeto refere-se ao processo de informatiza????o da consolida????o da folha de pagamento de pessoal ativo, inativo e pensionista da Delegacia de Administra????o do Paran??, anteriormente realizada de forma manual, o que demandava aproximadamente cinco dias. A implanta????o das planilhas eletr??nicas proporcionou maior confiabilidade dos lan??amentos cont??beis, rapidez na consolida????o e emiss??o de relat??rios interligados, fornecendo dados precisos nas elabora????es das NL??s (Notas de Lan??amentos), OB??s (Ordens Banc??rias) e DARF??s (Documento de Arrecada????o de Receitas Federais), inclusive fornecendo dados essenciais para o preenchimento do relat??rio mensal de Recursos Humanos

Audi??ncias p??blicas: fatores que influenciam seu potencial de efetividade no ??mbito do poder executivo federal

Este artigo apresenta as principais conclus??es de pesquisa realizada no ??mbito do Instituto de Pesquisa Econ??mica Aplicada (Ipea), que buscou responder ?? seguinte pergunta: ???no ??mbito do Poder Executivo federal, quais s??o os principais fatores que influenciam o potencial de efetividade das audi??ncias p??blicas como mecanismo de participa????o social no processo de gest??o das pol??ticas p??blicas????. O estudo se estrutura a partir do conceito de pesquisa aplicada, tendo como foco a melhoria do processo de organiza????o e gest??o de audi??ncias p??blicas (AP). A pesquisa teve a dura????o de um ano e contou com an??lise bibliogr??fica, entrevistas com gestores p??blicos e profissionais atuantes em organiza????es n??o governamentais, al??m de quatro estudos de caso de audi??ncias p??blicas realizadas por ??rg??os do governo federal: a elabora????o do Plano Nacional de Res??duos S??lidos (PNRS); a discuss??o sobre as minutas do Edital de Licita????o e Contrato de Permiss??o dos Servi??os de Transporte Rodovi??rio Interestadual de Passageiros e o licenciamento ambiental de dois grandes projetos de hidrel??tricas ??? Santo Ant??nio e Jirau, em Rond??nia, e Belo Monte, no Par??