Influence of the heat treatment in the electrochemical corrosion of Al-Zn-Mg alloys

The localized corrosion of Al-(5.03%)Zn-(1.67%)Mg-(0.23%)Cu alloys and high purity Al has been studied using electrochemical techniques, optical microscopy, SEM and EDX. The samples were previously submitted to different heat treatments in which coherent and incoherent MgZn 2 precipitates with different distribution and aggregation degree were produced. The influence of NaCl and Na 2SO 4, dissolved oxygen, immersion time and convection were studied. In NaCl solutions, pitting potentials for the alloys were more negative than for aluminium, indicating an increase in their susceptibility to localized corrosion. Moreover, annealed and cold-rolled alloys presented more negative pitting and repassivation potentials than those submitted to age hardening with direct or interrupted quenching. In annealed and cold-rolled samples, pit nucleation and propagation takes place in the zones where MgZn 2 is accumulated. In the case of the age-hardened alloys, a double pitting behaviour is observed, the first one in the magnesium and zinc enriched regions and the second in the matrix. While the cold water quenched alloy is susceptible to stress corrosion craking, the alloy submitted to the interrupted quenching process is less susceptible to intergranular attack. The sulphate ion shifts the pitting potential of aluminium and the alloys by chloride towards more positive values because it impedes local accumulations of the latter. © 1992 Chapman & Hall.

Gluon field strength correlation functions within a constrained instanton model

We suggest a constrained instanton (CI) solution in the physical QCD vacuum which is described by large-scale vacuum field fluctuations. This solution decays exponentially at large distances. It is stable only if the interaction of the instanton with the background vacuum field is small and additional constraints are introduced. The CI solution is explicitly constructed in the ansatz form, and the two-point vacuum correlator of the gluon field strengths is calculated in the framework of the effective instanton vacuum model. At small distances the results are qualitatively similar to the single instanton case; in particular, the D1 invariant structure is small, which is in agreement with the lattice calculations.

The nuclear matter effects in π0 photoproduction at high energies

The in-medium influence on π0 photoproduction from spin zero nuclei is carefully studied in the GeV range using a straightforward Monte Carlo analysis. The calculation takes into account the relativistic nuclear recoil for coherent mechanisms (electromagnetic and nuclear amplitudes) plus a time dependent multi-collisional intranuclear cascade approach (MCMC) to describe the transport properties of mesons produced in the surroundings of the nucleon. A detailed analysis of the meson energy spectra for the photoproduction on 12C at 5.5 GeV indicates that both the Coulomb and nuclear coherent events are associated with a small energy transfer to the nucleus (≲ 5 MeV), while the contribution of the nuclear incoherent mechanism is vanishing small within this kinematical range. The angular distributions are dominated by the Primakoff peak at extreme forward angles, with the nuclear incoherent process being the most important contribution above θπ0 ≲ 20. Such consistent Monte Carlo approach provides a suitable method to clean up nuclear backgrounds in some recent high precision experiments, such as the PrimEx experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory Facility.

Nuclear photoproduction of pseudoscalar mesons at forward angles up to 6.0 GeV

The nuclear incoherent π 0 photoproduction cross section from 12C is evaluated at forward angles in the 4.0 to 6.0 GeV energy range using the multicollisional intranuclear cascade model MCMC. The model incorporates some improvements in comparison with previous versions associated with the momentum distribution (MD) for light nuclei - extracted from the available (e,e ′p) data - as well as the evaluation of the shadowing effects during the photo-nucleus interaction. The final results of the single and double differential cross sections at forward angles are very sensitive to the MD parameterizations due to the Pauli principle, which largely suppresses the cross sections for low momentum transfer. The attenuation of the nuclear cross section due to pion - nucleus final state interactions is approximately 40% (without nuclear shadowing), which is in nice agreement with the predictions from the Glauber model. The single and double π 0 differential cross sections are presented for possible applications for the interpretation of the inelastic background in the PrimEx experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Investigations on the full polarimetric PALSAR data to discriminate macrophytes species in the Amazon floodplain wetland

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the capacity of full polarimetric L band data to discriminate macrophyte species in Amazon wetland. Fieldwork was carried out almost simultaneously to the acquisition of the full polarimetric PALSAR data. Coherent and incoherent attributes were extracted from the image, and macrophyte morphological variables were measured on the ground. The image attributes and the macrophyte variables were compared in order to evaluate their application for discriminating macrophytes species. The findings suggest that polarimetric information could be adopted to discriminate plant species based on morphology, and that estimation of plant biomass and productivity could be improved by using the polarimetric information. © 2010 IEEE.

Non-Markovian expansion in quantum Brownian motion

We consider the non-Markovian Langevin evolution of a dissipative dynamical system in quantum mechanics in the path integral formalism. After discussing the role of the frequency cutoff for the interaction of the system with the heat bath and the kernel and noise correlator that follow from the most common choices, we derive an analytic expansion for the exact non-Markovian dissipation kernel and the corresponding colored noise in the general case that is consistent with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and incorporates systematically non-local corrections. We illustrate the modifications to results obtained using the traditional (Markovian) Langevin approach in the case of the exponential kernel and analyze the case of the non-Markovian Brownian motion. We present detailed results for the free and the quadratic cases, which can be compared to exact solutions to test the convergence of the method, and discuss potentials of a general nonlinear form. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Validade e coerência de instrumentos utilizados em avaliações clínicas de idosos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A simbologia dos animais em expressões idiomáticas inglês-português: uma proposta lexicográfica

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Um programa de intervenção para o estabelecimento de escolha condicional por identidade ao modelo em um macaco-prego (Cebus apella)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi criar condições para que o desempenho de um macaco-prego ficasse sob controle dos aspectos relevantes de um procedimento de escolha condcional por identidade ao modelo com atraso zero. O sujeito, um macaco-prego, macho adulto com história de reversões repetidas de discriminações simples, não havia demonstrado o desempenho de escolha condicional por identidade ao modelo, provavelmente devido à interferência de topografias de controle de estímulos inconsistentes com aquelas necessárias na tarefa. Foram realizadas intervenções específicas para o estabelecimento da topografia adequada de seleção dos estímulos e de controle por aspectos relevantes do procedimento. Visando eliminar dificuldades com a alternação dos estímulos discriminativos, um procedimento de escolha não-condicional por identidade ao modelo, no qual os estímulos que funcionam como modelos e S+ não são apresentados como S- em uma mesma sessão, foi gradativamente transformado em condicional, por meio de reversões entre sessões das funções discriminativas dos estímulos. O sujeito eventualmente apresentou desempenho preciso de escolha condicional de acordo com o modelo com dois pares de estímulos. Foram realizados testes de generalização com novos estímulos, sem indícios de controle condicional. Foi, então, realizado o treino explícito de escolha por identidade ao modelo com aqueles estímulos, partindo do treino de escolha não-condicional. Quando o sujeito novamente apresentou desempenho de escolha condicional por identidade ao modelo, foi realizado um novo teste de generalização, novamente sem indício de generalização de controle relacional para os novos estímulos. Os resultados sugerem que o programa de intervenção adotado é eficaz para o estabelecimento de controle pelo modelo, embora ainda falte determinar as condições suficientes para o desempenho generalizado. (Financiamento NIH-EEUU, Convênio NIH/UMMS/UFPA/FADESP, através de Bolsa de Mestrado ao autor).

Planejamento de sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas para unidades habitacionais de baixa renda

A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade fazer um levantamento do perfil de ocorrência de descargas atmosféricas nos municípios de Belém, Ananindeua e Marituba, no período de 1991 até 2011 com o objetivo de determinar as características de ocorrência de raios nesses municípios, bem como identificar quais fatores precisam ser observados e/ou identificados com o intuito de se realizar um adequado planejamento de sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas em empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda construídos pelo programa de aceleração do crescimento do governo federal, mais precisamente no conjunto habitacional Taboquinha, localizado no bairro do Cruzeiro em Icoaraci. A partir da análise comparativa realizada com dados de detecção de raios provenientes da rede de detecção de raios STARNET, dados de ocorrência de raios provenientes do sensor LIS instalado a bordo do satélite TRMM, bem como de dados provenientes da norma NBR 5419, concluiu-se que o presente conjunto habitacional necessita da instalação de um sistema de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas em virtude do registro de ocorrências de sinistros envolvendo a incidência direta de descargas atmosféricas, bem como de seus efeitos secundários. Ao final do trabalho de pesquisa são apresentados tópicos de discussão associados a conclusões sobre o perfil de ocorrência de raios na presente região de estudo que são explicitadas pela norma NBR 5419, fatos estes que podem vir a prejudicar o patrimônio público, bem como os cidadãos comuns e suas edificações.

Ossos e espelhos mortos: uma leitura de Reflexos do baile e Esqueleto na lagoa verde, de Antonio Callado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comments on correlation functions of large spin operators and null polygonal Wilson loops

We discuss the relation between correlation functions of twist-two large spin operators and expectation values of Wilson loops along light-like trajectories. After presenting some heuristic field theoretical arguments suggesting this relation, we compute the divergent part of the correlator in the limit of large 't Hooft coupling and large spins, using a semi-classical world-sheet which asymptotically looks like a GKP rotating string. We show this diverges as expected from the expectation value of a null Wilson loop, namely, as (ln mu(-2))(2). mu being a cut-off of the theory. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microwave interferometric technique for characterizing few mode fibers

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and accurate technique for measuring differential mode group delay (DMGD) in few mode fibers (FMF). A frequency-swept microwave signal is modulated on a filtered optical incoherent source. The microwave signals carried on different fiber modes experience different time delays and interfere with each other in the photodetector. Optical interference between propagating fiber modes is avoided by the use of an incoherent optical source. A mathematical model is established to analyze the interference pattern and extract the DMGD values. A 456-m two-mode fiber and a 981-m FMF, which supports four LP modes, are measured. The measurement covers the whole C-band and the results coincide well with those obtained by the time-of-flight method and the numerical simulations. A precision of ±0.002 ps/m is achieved.

Directed search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 with initial LIGO data

We present results of a search for continuously emitted gravitational radiation, directed at the brightest low-mass x-ray binary, Scorpius X-1. Our semicoherent analysis covers 10 days of LIGO S5 data ranging from 50-550 Hz, and performs an incoherent sum of coherent F-statistic power distributed amongst frequency-modulated orbital sidebands. All candidates not removed at the veto stage were found to be consistent with noise at a 1% false alarm rate. We present Bayesian 95% confidence upper limits on gravitational-wave strain amplitude using two different prior distributions: a standard one, with no a priori assumptions about the orientation of Scorpius X-1; and an angle-restricted one, using a prior derived from electromagnetic observations. Median strain upper limits of 1.3 x 10(-24) and 8 x 10(-25) are reported at 150 Hz for the standard and angle-restricted searches respectively. This proof-of-principle analysis was limited to a short observation time by unknown effects of accretion on the intrinsic spin frequency of the neutron star, but improves upon previous upper limits by factors of similar to 1.4 for the standard, and 2.3 for the angle-restricted search at the sensitive region of the detector.

Caracterização óptica e eletrônica de filmes semicondutores usando espectros de transmitância e refletância

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)