Photo- and Thermo-Chromic Study of the Ethylenediamine Trimolybdate

The ethylenediamine trimolybdate (ENTMo) can show unusually photochromic and thermochromic properties and there exists in the difference of chromic mechanisms, which has been proved in our previous work [I]. In this paper, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) of the colored samples are characterized and analyzed in detail. The crystal structure, the inorganic skeleton and the microenvironment of center ions of the colored samples do not substantively change except distortion. The color difference of the photochromic and the thermochromic samples is discussed and that the difference of reduction sites result in their different chromic mechanisms is suggested.

Investigation of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine as colorimetric substrate for a peroxidatic DNAzyme

in this Work, the suitability of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine sulfate (TMB) as the substrate of a DNAzyme catalytic system composed of a guanine-quadruplex DNA molecule and hemin was investigated. In the presence of H2O2, the hemin-DNA complex catalyzes the oxidation of TMB to produce two colored products, much like a peroxidase. The color-generating activity of this system could be influenced by several factors such as buffer type, pH value, DNA sequence, reaction time, and concentrations of both the hemin and H2O2. To illustrate the utility of this catalytic system, we designed a colorimetric assay, in which a synthetic oligonucleotide with a sequence complementary to the G-quadruplex DNA was used as the target. A detection limit of 1.86 nM was obtained. Our data have shown that TMB was an excellent colorimetric indicator that reported the peoxidase activities of the widely studied hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme system.

Synthesis and properties of novel regioirregular polyimides from easily synthesized asymmetrical dichlorophthalimide monomers

New asymmetrical aromatic dichlorophthalimide monomers containing pendant groups (trifluoromethyl or methyl) were conveniently prepared from inexpensive and commercially available compounds. With these monomers, a new class of soluble polyimides with a regioirregular structure within the polymer backbone was obtained by the Ni(0)-catalyzed polymerization method. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. The polyimides displayed better solubility and higher thermal stability than the corresponding regular polyimides. In addition, fluorinated polyimides in this study had low dielectric constants ranging from 2.52 to 2.78, low moisture absorptions of less than 0.59%, and low thermal expansion coefficients between 10.6 and 19.7 ppm/degrees C. The oxygen permeability coefficients and permeability selectivity of oxygen to nitrogen of the films were in the ranges of 2.99-4.20 barrer and 5.55-7.50, respectively. We have demonstrated that the synthetic pathway for polyimides provides a successful approach to increasing the solubility and processability of polyimides without sacrificing their thermal stability.

Study on the difference of photochromic and thermochromic mechanism of ethylenediamine trimolybdate

Ethylenediamine trimolybdate ((C2H10N2)[Mo3O10], denoted as ENTMo) shows unusual photochromic and thermochromic properties. The color of the white ENTMo compounds becomes reddish brown gradually under UV irradiation, and changes gradually to blue-black upon annealing. XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra verify that the crystal structure of the colored samples is almost unchanged except distortion. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and ESR spectra of the photochromic and the thermochromic samples could confirm that there must exist difference between thermochromic and photochromic mechanism.

Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy and electroluminescence of zinc(II) complexes containing bidentate 2-(2-pyridyl)quinoline derivative ligands

Three bidentate ligands, 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-quinoline (ppq), 6-(carbazol-9-yl)-4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-quinoline (cpq) and 6-diphenylamino-4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-quinoline (dpq) and their zinc(II) complexes, have been designed and synthesized. The crystal structure of [Zn(ppq)(2)Cl]PF6 shows that the central zinc atom is coordinated with one chloride and four nitrogen atoms from two ligands. The introduction of an electron-donating substituent such as carbazole or an aromatic amine group at the 6-position of the quinoline moiety can generate colored tunable Zn complexes, and the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength was modulated from 418 nm for [Zn(ppq)(2)Cl]PF6 to 591 nm for [Zn(cpq)(2)Cl]PF6 and 638 nm for [Zn(dpq)(2)Cl]PF6 in CH2Cl2 solution. The electroluminescence spectrum of [Zn(dpq)(2)Cl]PF6 exhibits pure red light emission with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.63, 0.36) and a maximum at 648 nm.

Electrochemical probe of hydroxylation of 4-nitrophenol by cytochrome c with hydrogen peroxide

The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with cytochrome c makes them coupled to lead to the hydroxylation of 4-nitrophenol. In situ electrochemical probe was used to detect the hydroxylation of 4-nitrophenol, which can avoid the tedious extraction procedure, the loss of the active species and the interference of some colored substances in the detection of 4-nitrocatechol by spectroscopic method. The hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol and sodium benzoate did not eliminate hydroxylation, but the inhibitory effect of uric acid on the hydroxylation lead to the formation of the ferryl species of the protein during the reaction. These studies suggest that the electrochemical probe might efficiently detect the trace 4-nitrocatechol from the onset of the hydroxylation reaction and thus provides a more sensitive tool.

SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHROMISM IN SOLUTION OF PHENOXYNAPHTHACENEQUINONE DERIVATIVES

Two new phenoxynaphthacenequinone derivatives, 6-[4-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl)phenoxy] -5,12-naphthacenequinone (7) and 6-[4-(potassium sulfophenylazo)phenoxy]-5,12-naphthacenequinone (8), were synthesized, and their photochromism in solution was investigated and compared with that of 6-phenoxy-5,12-naphthacenequinone (1). On the basis of the spectral data and the selective irreversible reaction of ammonia with the colored phenoxy-ana-naphthacenequinone, the concentrations of the ana forms at the photostationary state (PSS), achieved by 365 nm UV irradiation, and the molar extinction coefficients of the pure ana forms at 481-482 nm of compounds 1, 7 and 8 in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were found to be 83 mol.% and 1.70x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1), 82 mol.% and 1.62x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) and 16 mol.% and approximately 1.34x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) respectively; the absorption spectra of the colored ana forms of 7 and 1 in DMSO were estimated; the rate;constants of photoconversion induced by 365 nm light were obtained. The results show the strong effect of the structure of the phenoxynaphthacenequinones on their photochromism in solution. In addition to DMSO solution, compound 7 exhibited normal photochromism in toluene, benzene, chloroform and a DMSO-ethanol mixed solvent, but not in dimethylformamide (DMF) in which a photoinduced reaction occurred between 7 and DMF or impurities.

Characterization, structure and function of linker polypeptides in phycobilisomes of cyanobacteria and red algae: An overview

Cyanobacteria and red algae have intricate light-harvesting systems comprised of phycobilisomes that are attached to the outer side of the thylakoid membrane. The phycobilisomes absorb light in the wavelength range of 500-650 nm and transfer energy to the chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Phycobilisomes, which biochemically consist of phycobiliproteins and linker polypeptides, are particularly wonderful subjects for the detailed analysis of structure and function due to their spectral properties and their various components affected by growth conditions. The linker potypeptides are believed to mediate both the assembly of phycobiliproteins into the highly ordered arrays in the phycobilisomes and the interactions between the phycobilisomes and the thylakoid membrane. Functionally, they have been reported to improve energy migration by regulating the spectral characteristics of colored phycobiliproteins. In this review, the progress regarding linker polypeptides research, including separation approaches, structures and interactions with phycobiliproteins, as well as their functions in the phycobilisomes, is presented. In addition, some problems with previous work on linkers are also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

刺参急性口围肿胀病和皱纹盘鲍肌肉萎缩症的病理学研究

本论文以大连沿海养殖刺参劾皱纹盘鲍为研究对象，利用组织学、超微病理学、病理生理学的方法，开展了患病病理学研究，并对可能诱发刺参和皱纹盘鲍病害的原因，以及病变过程进行了初步探讨。 中国北方养殖刺参[Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)]幼参和成参的急性口围肿胀病。急性口围肿胀病是爆发于中国北方辽宁省和山东省沿岸养殖刺参群体中的一种新发现的疾病，并且从2004年开始已经引起刺参的大面积死亡现象，经济损失重大。 本文报道在养殖患病刺参的肠上皮细胞内发现大量的病毒样颗粒。这是首次报道病毒样粒子感染刺参。组织学检查表明该病毒具有包涵体结构，寄生于肠上皮细胞中。电镜检查的结果表明，该病毒粒子呈球形，直径80-100纳米，螺旋状核衣壳，具有囊膜结构且囊膜表面具有纤突结构。 进一步的形态学和病理学分析发现该病毒具有许多报道的关于冠状病毒的特征。细胞质内的 病毒颗粒大部分以团聚方式存在于一个完整的包膜内，形成典型的病毒包涵体结构。最明显的细胞病理学特征是细胞质内大面积的粒状物质的存在，该区域相对缺少相应的细胞器。在病毒包涵体内的管状结构，核衣壳包涵体以及双层膜囊泡也在病变细胞内发现。 在病参体内未发现立克次氏体，衣原体，细菌以及其他寄生生物。 中国北方养殖皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的肌肉萎缩症病理研究 。 在2004年和2005年的中国北方海区，养殖皱纹盘鲍幼体和成体群体中爆发了严重的肌肉萎缩症。肌电图监测显示病鲍的肌肉萎缩是肌源性的而不是神经源性的。 与正常对照组对比结果显示，病鲍的肌纤维数量和肌纤维直径都显著降低。 肌酶谱测定结果显示，病鲍血清中的肌酸激酶水平，肌酸激酶—肌同工酶水平和乳酸脱氢酶水平，与正常血清对比，呈显著升高状态，说明病鲍体内发生了肌细胞损伤。超薄切片电镜检测结果显示在发生病变的肌细胞内存在双螺旋丝状结构的包涵体（Paired helical filaments, PHFs）, 该结构是人类患包涵体肌炎的主要的病理特征。 本文首次报道在无脊椎动物中发现双螺旋丝包涵体结构。 对损伤的肌纤维的进一步研究发现了异常增生的小圆柱体结构（Small Cylinder Structure, SCS）和致密小体(Dense colored particles, DCP),同时观察到这两种异常结构与肌纤维的损伤直接相关。本文还对该病的感染机制作了探讨。 中国北方皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)肌肉萎缩的病理生理研究。严重的足肌肉萎缩症是鲍的一种慢性致死性疾病。在中国北方的养殖皱纹盘鲍群体中第一次发现是在2000年，随后在各养殖海区，自然海区及实验室养殖过程中都发现了该病的暴发。 超微结构电镜检测显示肌肉纤维损伤严重，其内的大部分肌原纤维断裂或消失。 大量的花瓣状的糖原颗粒聚集在断裂的肌原纤维中，还有一些被包裹在包膜内。 这说明在病鲍体内的糖原代谢处于被抑制状态（或停止状态），随后的血清学检测表明病鲍血清中的葡萄糖含量与正常对照的含量显著降低，也证明了糖代谢途径的终止。病鲍血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的量显著降低，伴随着高密度脂蛋白的水平显著升高，说明脂肪代谢途径的亢进状态。病鲍血清中的二氧化碳水平的显著降低说明出现了酸碱平衡紊乱，通过病因学分析可知该酸碱平衡紊乱应属于代谢性酸中毒。病鲍血清中的钠离子和钾离子浓度显著升高，无机磷和镁离子浓度显著降低说明出现了患病皱纹盘鲍体内出现了电解质紊乱。病鲍血清中蛋白质含量的检测表明患病皱纹盘鲍已出现低蛋白血症，说明病鲍出现了严重的营养不良。病鲍血清中的尿酸含量，胆碱酯酶水平和γ-转肽酶水平与正常对照组相比显著降低。各项指标检测的结果说明糖代谢途径的终止造成了病鲍一系列的调节体系的不平衡和各种生理功能的紊乱，甚至造成了鲍的最终死亡。

Spatial distributions and seasonal variations of particulate phosphorus in the Jiaozhou Bay in North China

Based oil the measurements of particulate phosphorus (PP) in the Jiaozhou Bay front May 2003 to April 2004, the spatial distribution, seasonal variation and biogeochemical characteristics of PP Were investigated to Understand the fates and roles of phosphorus in the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. The Concentration of the total PP ranged from 0. 07 to 2. 09 mu mol/dm(3). The concentration of POP was from 0. 01 to 1. 83 mu mol/dm(3), with all average of with all average of 0. 33 mu mol/dm(3), which accounted for 50. 4% in total PP. In general, file concentrations of IT in surface water show obvious seasonal variations in the Jiaozhou Bay. POP was the highest in spring, which derived front the accumulation of phyto-detritus and was the lowest ill autumn, which was decomposed into seawaters to participate the recycle of phosphorus. PIP was the highest in spring and summer and Was the lowest in autumn and winter. PLP Was Mainly influenced by river input in the inner bay lint POP derived front autochthonous source in the outer bay. Overkill, the concentrations of IT in the inner bay were higher than those in mouth and the Older bay. In the inner bay. the concentrations of IT with the area near the shore were higher than those in the center of the bay. Totally PP showed the decreasing trend with depth especially in spring and winter. The high value of PP emerged in 20 and 10 in Corresponding to summer and autumn, respectively. The changes of POP showed hysteretic effect compared with the changes of Chl a in the investigated year. However, according to the Change of Chl a, the second high value of POP which should be emerged ill October was missing due to the remineralization of POP and participation in the recycle of phosphorus, which lead to the high concentration of orthophosphate in seawaters.

水声信号的窄带滤波研究

研究一种用于有色噪声背景下接收水声信号的窄带滤波方法。它用白化滤波器实现有色噪声的匹配滤波。该滤波电路具有优良的选频能力,抗干扰性强,功耗极低,较好地解决了水下信息传输中存在的通道之间频率间隔小、信号微弱、易受噪声干扰、用电池供电而要求工作时间长等问题。采用这种窄带滤波方法的水声接收机具有结构简单、性能稳定、对弱信号检测能力强等优点,增大了定位声纳的作用距离。

柔性制造系统中死锁避免的充要条件第二部分：资源的动态分配规则

本文根据在第一部分中推导出来的描述资源竞争的着色ＲＯＰＮ给出在柔性制造系统中无死锁运行的充分必要条件，从而得出相应的控制规律。它是一种资源动态分配的策略，它决定当一个资源空闲时，是否可以分配给一个任务，可以的话先分配给谁，以保证系统无死锁，并使得资源利用率最大。

柔性制造系统中死锁避免的充要条件第一部分：资源竞争过程的建模

柔性制造系统的主要特点是多种不同类型的工件同时在系统中加工，这些工件竞争系统的有限资源，导致象系统死锁等这样的不希望事件的发生，本文用一种Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型，称之为着色面向资源的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网（着色ＲＯＰＮ）来描述系统中的这一竞争过程；这一模型揭示了资源竞争过程的本质特点，从而为寻求死锁避免的充要条件提供了基础。

基于时间Petri网的制造过程模型研究

分析了时间Petri网的激发规则、托肯可用时间和抑制弧等特性,以及制造过程中随机故障的特征。提出不同的时间关联方式对应的多种建模方法,考虑不同的故障发现模式、不同的作业处理策略,建立相应的单机制造过程模型。在此基础上采用模块化和层次化方法可以构建复杂制造过程的时间着色Petri网模型,并可以转换成仿真模型,进一步分析随机机器故障对制造过程性能的影响。

陆相砂泥岩层序的高精度检测方法研究及应用

Ordos Basin is a typical cratonic petroliferous basin with 40 oil-gas bearing bed sets. It is featured as stable multicycle sedimentation, gentle formation, and less structures. The reservoir beds in Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoicare are mainly low density, low permeability, strong lateral change, and strong vertical heterogeneous. The well-known Loess Plateau in the southern area and Maowusu Desert, Kubuqi Desert and Ordos Grasslands in the northern area cover the basin, so seismic data acquisition in this area is very difficult and the data often takes on inadequate precision, strong interference, low signal-noise ratio, and low resolution. Because of the complicated condition of the surface and the underground, it is very difficult to distinguish the thin beds and study the land facies high-resolution lithologic sequence stratigraphy according to routine seismic profile. Therefore, a method, which have clearly physical significance, based on advanced mathematical physics theory and algorithmic and can improve the precision of the detection on the thin sand-peat interbed configurations of land facies, is in demand to put forward.Generalized S Transform (GST) processing method provides a new method of phase space analysis for seismic data. Compared with wavelet transform, both of them have very good localization characteristics; however, directly related to the Fourier spectra, GST has clearer physical significance, moreover, GST adopts a technology to best approach seismic wavelets and transforms the seismic data into time-scale domain, and breaks through the limit of the fixed wavelet in S transform, so GST has extensive adaptability. Based on tracing the development of the ideas and theories from wavelet transform, S transform to GST, we studied how to improve the precision of the detection on the thin stratum by GST.Noise has strong influence on sequence detecting in GST, especially in the low signal-noise ratio data. We studied the distribution rule of colored noise in GST domain, and proposed a technology to distinguish the signal and noise in GST domain. We discussed two types of noises: white noise and red noise, in which noise satisfy statistical autoregression model. For these two model, the noise-signal detection technology based on GST all get good result. It proved that the GST domain noise-signal detection technology could be used to real seismic data, and could effectively avoid noise influence on seismic sequence detecting.On the seismic profile after GST processing, high amplitude energy intensive zone, schollen, strip and lentoid dead zone and disarray zone maybe represent specifically geologic meanings according to given geologic background. Using seismic sequence detection profile and combining other seismic interpretation technologies, we can elaborate depict the shape of palaeo-geomorphology, effectively estimate sand stretch, distinguish sedimentary facies, determine target area, and directly guide oil-gas exploration.In the lateral reservoir prediction in XF oilfield of Ordos Basin, it played very important role in the estimation of sand stretch that the study of palaeo-geomorphology of Triassic System and the partition of inner sequence of the stratum group. According to the high-resolution seismic profile after GST processing, we pointed out that the C8 Member of Yanchang Formation in DZ area and C8 Member in BM area are the same deposit. It provided the foundation for getting 430 million tons predicting reserves and unite building 3 million tons off-take potential.In tackling key problem study for SLG gas-field, according to the high-resolution seismic sequence profile, we determined that the deposit direction of H8 member is approximately N-S or NNE-SS W. Using the seismic sequence profile, combining with layer-level profile, we can interpret the shape of entrenched stream. The sunken lenticle indicates the high-energy stream channel, which has stronger hydropower. By this way we drew out three high-energy stream channels' outline, and determined the target areas for exploitation. Finding high-energy braided river by high-resolution sequence processing is the key technology in SLG area.In ZZ area, we studied the distribution of the main reservoir bed-S23, which is shallow delta thin sand bed, by GST processing. From the seismic sequence profile, we discovered that the schollen thick sand beds are only local distributed, and most of them are distributary channel sand and distributary bar deposit. Then we determined that the S23 sand deposit direction is NW-SE in west, N-S in central and NE-SW in east. The high detecting seismic sequence interpretation profiles have been tested by 14 wells, 2 wells mismatch and the coincidence rate is 85.7%. Based on the profiles we suggested 3 predicted wells, one well (Yu54) completed and the other two is still drilling. The completed on Is coincident with the forecastThe paper testified that GST is a effective technology to get high- resolution seismic sequence profile, compartmentalize deposit microfacies, confirm strike direction of sandstone and make sure of the distribution range of oil-gas bearing sandstone, and is the gordian technique for the exploration of lithologic gas-oil pool in complicated areas.