992 resultados para articular chondrocytes


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Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was initially identified as a product of malignant tumors that mediates paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. It is now known that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTHrP genes are evolutionarily related and that the products of these two genes share a common receptor, the PTH/PTHrP receptor. PTHrP and the PTH/PTHrP receptor are widely expressed in both adult and fetal tissues, and recent gene-targeting and disruption experiments have implicated PTHrP as a developmental regulatory molecule. Apparent PTHrP functions include the regulation of endochondral bone development, of hair follicle formation, and of branching morphogenesis in the breast. Herein, we report that overexpression of PTHrP in chondrocytes using the mouse type II collagen promoter induces a novel form of chondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and a delay in endochondral ossification. This features a delay in chondrocyte differentiation and in bone collar formation and is sufficiently marked that the mice are born with a cartilaginous endochondral skeleton. In addition to the delay, chondrocytes in the transgenic mice initially become hypertrophic at the periphery of the developing long bones rather than in the middle, leading to a seeming reversal in the pattern of chondrocyte differentiation and ossification. By 7 weeks, the delays in chondrocyte differentiation and ossification have largely corrected, leaving foreshortened and misshapen but histologically near-normal bones. These findings confirm a role for PTHrP as an inhibitor of the program of chondrocyte differentiation. PTHrP may function in this regard to maintain the stepwise differentiation of chondrocytes that initiates endochondral ossification in the midsection of endochondral bones early in development and that also permits linear growth at the growth plate later in development.

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Alterações na articulação emporomandibular (ATM) comumente geram desequilíbrios musculares que estão associados à alterações no tecido ósseo. Esta articulação pode sofrer a influência de traumas, fatores congênitos ou desordens de crescimento. Estudos sobre alterações de crescimento do complexo maxilomandibular decorrentes de problemas da ATM são escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por meio da microtomografia os efeitos da remoção do disco articular e a remoção conjugada do disco e cartilagem articular no crescimento e na microarquitetura óssea da mandíbula de ratos. Trinta ratos da raça Wistar com um mês de idade foram divididos em três grupos: CTR (controle operado); RD (remoção de disco articular) e RDC (remoção conjugada do disco e cartilagem articular). Apenas o lado direito foi operado; o lado esquerdo permaneceu intacto. Após dois meses de acompanhamento, os ratos foram sacrificados e as hemimandíbulas escaneadas em microtomógrafo A remoção do disco articular e a remoção conjugada do disco e cartilagem articular alteram o volume e microestrutura do osso trabecular da mandíbula de ratos jovens. Estas duas intervenções provocaram uma queda na qualidade de parâmetros da microestrutura do trabeculado do processo angular e diminuição do crescimento da hemimandíbula do lado operado.

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L'arthrose est une maladie multifactorielle complexe. Parmi les facteurs impliqués dans sa pathogénie, les certains prostaglandines exercent un rôle inflammatoire et d’autres un rôle protecteur. La prostaglandine D2 (PGD2) est bien connue comme une PG anti-inflammatoire, qui est régulée par l’enzyme «Lipocalin prostaglandine D-synthase». Avec l’inflammation de l'arthrose, les chondrocytes essaient de protéger le cartilage en activant certaines voies de récupération dont l'induction du gène L-PGDS. Dans cette étude, nous étudions la voie de signalisation impliquée dans la régulation de l'expression du (L-PGDS) sur les chondrocytes traités avec différents médiateurs inflammatoires. Le but de projet: Nous souhaitons étudier la régulation de la L-PGDS dans le but de concevoir des approches thérapeutiques qui peuvent activer la voie intrinsèque anti-inflammatoire. Méthode et conclusions: In vivo, l'arthrose a été suivie en fonction de l’âge chez la souris ou chirurgicalement suivant une intervention au niveau des genoux de souris. Nous avons confirmé les niveaux d’expression de L-PGDS histologiquement et par immunohistochimie. In vitro, dans les chondrocytes humains qui ont été traités avec différents médiateurs de l'inflammation, nous avons observé une augmentation de l’expression de la L-PGDS dose et temps dépendante. Nous avons montré, in vivo et in vitro que l’inflammation induit une sécrétion chondrocytaire de la L-PGDS dans le milieu extracellulaire. Enfin, nous avons observé la production de différentes isoformes de la L-PGDS en réponse à l'inflammation.

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Tesis Univ. Río de Janeiro.

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Mode of access: Internet.