Applying machine learning based on multiscale classifiers to detect remote phenology patterns in Cerrado savanna trees

Plant phenology is one of the most reliable indicators of species responses to global climate change, motivating the development of new technologies for phenological monitoring. Digital cameras or near remote systems have been efficiently applied as multi-channel imaging sensors, where leaf color information is extracted from the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) color channels, and the changes in green levels are used to infer leafing patterns of plant species. In this scenario, texture information is a great ally for image analysis that has been little used in phenology studies. We monitored leaf-changing patterns of Cerrado savanna vegetation by taking daily digital images. We extract RGB channels from the digital images and correlate them with phenological changes. Additionally, we benefit from the inclusion of textural metrics for quantifying spatial heterogeneity. Our first goals are: (1) to test if color change information is able to characterize the phenological pattern of a group of species; (2) to test if the temporal variation in image texture is useful to distinguish plant species; and (3) to test if individuals from the same species may be automatically identified using digital images. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on multiscale classifiers to detect phenological patterns in the digital images. Our results indicate that: (1) extreme hours (morning and afternoon) are the best for identifying plant species; (2) different plant species present a different behavior with respect to the color change information; and (3) texture variation along temporal images is promising information for capturing phenological patterns. Based on those results, we suggest that individuals from the same species and functional group might be identified using digital images, and introduce a new tool to help phenology experts in the identification of new individuals from the same species in the image and their location on the ground. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

3D geovisualisation techniques applied in spatial data mining

The increase in the number of spatial data collected has motivated the development of geovisualisation techniques, aiming to provide an important resource to support the extraction of knowledge and decision making. One of these techniques are 3D graphs, which provides a dynamic and flexible increase of the results analysis obtained by the spatial data mining algorithms, principally when there are incidences of georeferenced objects in a same local. This work presented as an original contribution the potentialisation of visual resources in a computational environment of spatial data mining and, afterwards, the efficiency of these techniques is demonstrated with the use of a real database. The application has shown to be very interesting in interpreting obtained results, such as patterns that occurred in a same locality and to provide support for activities which could be done as from the visualisation of results. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Motor intervention in children with school learning difficulties

This study sought to evaluate motor development in children aged 6 to 11 years with learning difficulties and school characteristics of delayed motor development, before and after application of a motor intervention program. The sample consisted of 28 children with a mean age of 107.21 ± 16.56 months, who were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale and received motor intervention for 6 months, followed by reassessment. We observed a statistically significant difference between the average of the motor activity ratios in all areas of the evaluation and reevaluation. Also verified in the evaluation were the concentration ratios of children with motor activity greater than or equal to 80 and there was a revaluation increase in this concentration on re-evaluation, the areas with the greatest increase in concentration and significant differences being: Body Schema, Space and temporal Organization. In the overall evaluation of MDS, most children presented the classification of low normal. However, in the reassessment most have evolved into the average normal, only 4 of themremaining in the same classification. Therefore, in this study, children with learning disabilities also showed motor deficits and the intervention applied contributed to an increase in the motor ratios with consequent improvement in motor development. Besides psychopedagogical asistance, it is essential to reassess them and if necessary apply the intervention in the motor development of children with learning difficulties.

Desempenho ortográfico de escolares do ensino fundamental: elaboração e aplicação de um instrumento de intervenção

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Autenticação biométrica de usuários em sistemas de E-learning baseada em reconhecimento de faces a partir de vídeo

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

Análise de metodologia baseada no sistema personalizado de instrução num curso introdutório de eletromagnetismo

Apesar de fundamentais para a aprendizagem, o estímulo à postura ativa do aluno (versus o de apenas ouvinte), o respeito ao ritmo individual de aprendizagem, as avaliações formativas e o provimento de feedback sistemático ao aluno estão freqüentemente fora das salas de aula nas escolas e universidades. Uma estratégia para trazer tais características para as salas de aula é através do ensino individualizado. Um dos procedimentos de ensino individualizado mais documentados e aplicados é o Sistema Personalizado de Instrução (SPI) de Fred S. Keller. Intensamente usado na década de 70, milhares de artigos foram publicados sobre o SPI, provendo extensa evidência empírica sobre os seus resultados, os quais, em geral, são superiores a outras formas de ensino. Apesar disto, a aplicação do método entrou em declínio na década de 80. Dentre as razões para isto, podemos destacar a quantidade de esforço inicial necessário para se construir um curso baseado no SPI, a possível resistência por parte dos professores e educadores devido à mudança do papel do professor de transmissor do conhecimento para orientador e a logística necessária para prover feedback sistemático aos alunos. Vale ressaltar que, independente de quais fatores contribuíram para o declínio na utilização do SPI, sua eficiência é inquestionável. Neste trabalho, analisamos uma metodologia de ensino individualizado baseada no SPI de Keller, experimentada no contexto de um curso introdutório de eletromagnetismo para alunos de Física do terceiro semestre letivo da Universidade Federal do Pará. A metodologia empregou características do SPI, respeitando as características da disciplina como a presença de cálculos longos e ausência de monitores. Obtivemos indícios de que, apesar das modificações introduzidas, a aplicação desta metodologia pode trazer vários dos resultados positivos obtidos com a aplicação do SPI de Keller.

Atividades de compreensão oral como insumo para a produção oral/escrita em Português língua estrangeira: preparação para o exame CELPE-BRAS

O ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) tem apresentado um crescimento significativo no Brasil e mundo. Acordos internacionais, de caráter tanto acadêmico quanto comercial, colocam a língua Portuguesa em evidência. Motivados por esse novo cenário, muitos profissionais e estudantes estrangeiros têm procurado por cursos de PLE. Alguns desses se submeterão ao exame CELPE-Bras – iniciativa do Ministério da Educação do Brasil para consolidar o ensino de PLE no mundo. Os professores que atuam na preparação de candidatos estrangeiros a esse exame se deparam com dificuldades para encontrar materiais possibilitem o desenvolvimento da compreensão oral de seus alunos. Neste trabalho procuramos apontar um caminho para o ensino-aprendizagem da compreensão oral em PLE partindo dos gêneros textuais orais como insumo. Para tanto, buscamos suporte teórico fundamentado no Interacionismo sociodiscursivo (Teoria dos Gêneros e modelo de Sequência Didática) e tentamos aproximar a Abordagem Comunicativa da Abordagem por Gêneros no ensino de Língua Estrangeira. Partindo desses pressupostos teóricos propomos várias Sequências Didáticas para o ensinoaprendizagem da compreensão oral em PLE, elaboramos e aplicamos atividades de compreensão oral. Descrevemos e analisamos tais atividades e tentamos mostrar em que medida o ensino-aprendizagem de PLE utilizando o gênero textual como insumo e aplicado a luz da abordagem comunicativa pode facilitar o desenvolvimento da compreensão oral de alunos estrangeiros candidatos ao exame CELPE-Bras.

Effects of a metatextual intervention program in developing written narratives of students with learning difficulties

This study aimed to verify the effects of a metatextual intervention program, in the elaboration of stories written by students with learning difficulties. Four students were included in the sample of both genders, with ages ranging between eight years and four months and ten years and two months of age. The program was implemented at the participant schools, using an approach of multiple baseline within-subjects, with two conditions: baseline and intervention. Data analysis was based on the classification of stories produced by the students. Mann-Whitney testing was also applied, to analyze whether there have been significant changes in these productions. The results indicated that all students have improved performance in relation to the categories of produced stories, from elementary schemas (33%), for a more elaborate scheme (77%), with a better structuring of the elements that constitute a story. Statistical analysis also showed that the intervention has produced significant results for all variables analyzed. The data obtained have shown that the program was effective.

Harmony Search applied for Support Vector Machines Training Optimization

Since the beginning, some pattern recognition techniques have faced the problem of high computational burden for dataset learning. Among the most widely used techniques, we may highlight Support Vector Machines (SVM), which have obtained very promising results for data classification. However, this classifier requires an expensive training phase, which is dominated by a parameter optimization that aims to make SVM less prone to errors over the training set. In this paper, we model the problem of finding such parameters as a metaheuristic-based optimization task, which is performed through Harmony Search (HS) and some of its variants. The experimental results have showen the robustness of HS-based approaches for such task in comparison against with an exhaustive (grid) search, and also a Particle Swarm Optimization-based implementation.

Dificuldades e/ou problemas de aprendizagem: concepções e práticas docentes

It is known that some children fail to learn in school and among them are those that present difficulties and / or learning problems. At this difficulty and / or problems are attributed to various causes neurological problems, environmental or both. The areas most likely to be affected are: reading, writing and mathematics. This situation happens frequently in the daily life of schools and teachers should be prepared to work with diversity and enable the development of all, this includes having this particular part of the school population has a significant learning and an appropriate social relationship. It is therefore aim of this study, to investigate the conceptions of teachers in relation to the theme and possible practices of those in public elementary schools in Bauru city, a medium-sized city in the state of Sao Paulo, with those children who can not learn. Because it is a fact that often occurs in schools, it is necessary to investigate how teachers are working with these students since the school should ensure quality education for all and pedagogical efficiency. To obtain the data we used a questionnaire with multiple choice and essay questions, this tool was applied to a municipal school. It was noted that there is confusion between the terms learning difficulties and problems which affect the performance of teachers with these students and the working conditions of educators hinder their practices

Collaborative language learning in Teletandem: a resource for pre-service teacher education

This article presents some of the results of a qualitative research project about the influences of the pedagogic strategies used by a mediator (graduate student in applied linguistics) in the supervision process of a Teletandem partner (undergraduate student in languages) on her pedagogical practice. It was done within the project Teletandem Brazil: foreign language for all. Based on the reflective teaching paradigm and collaborative language learning, with special emphasis on tandem learning, we analyzed the contributions of the collaborative relationship established between the graduate student and the student-teacher in her first teaching experience. The results bring about implications for the field of language teacher education in a perspective of education within practice, evidencing the experience of collaborative learning in teletandem as an opportunity for reflective teacher education of pre-service teachers.

Interdisciplinary project applied to engineering education: construction of a miniature ceramic industry

The greatest challenge of undergraduate engineering courses is to encourage creativity, cooperation with other students, teamwork, and motivation in the first years of their courses. While students have little or no contact with advanced disciplines, it is very difficult to attract their interests and encourage them to develop the skills in their undergraduate courses. This work aims to achieve these objectives through a mini-factory project involving the construction of a production line of ceramic tiles on a laboratory scale, from the ceramic processing using raw materials to the shipping of the final product. Having been given an established monthly demand for ceramic tiles, the students determined the construction requirements of the mini-factory, as they have created the layout, including the processing equipment, the dimensioning of equipment, and its operational structure. This article intends to describe the successful creation of the ceramic tile mini-factory, including the objectives, benefits, and inherent difficulties of the process and the receptivity of the exercise by the students involved.

Particle competition and cooperation for semi-supervised learning with label noise

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Learning HMMs for nucleotide sequences from amino acid alignments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Supervised variational relevance learning, an analytic geometric feature selection with applications to omic datasets

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)