Sources, sinks, and transatlantic transport of North African dust aerosol: a multimodel analysis and comparison with remote sensing data

This study evaluates model-simulated dust aerosols over North Africa and the North Atlantic from five global models that participated in the Aerosol Comparison between Observations and Models phase II model experiments. The model results are compared with satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, dust optical depth (DOD) derived from MODIS and MISR, AOD and coarse-mode AOD (as a proxy of DOD) from ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network Sun photometer measurements, and dust vertical distributions/centroid height from Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder satellite AOD retrievals. We examine the following quantities of AOD and DOD: (1) the magnitudes over land and over ocean in our study domain, (2) the longitudinal gradient from the dust source region over North Africa to the western North Atlantic, (3) seasonal variations at different locations, and (4) the dust vertical profile shape and the AOD centroid height (altitude above or below which half of the AOD is located). The different satellite data show consistent features in most of these aspects; however, the models display large diversity in all of them, with significant differences among the models and between models and observations. By examining dust emission, removal, and mass extinction efficiency in the five models, we also find remarkable differences among the models that all contribute to the discrepancies of model-simulated dust amount and distribution. This study highlights the challenges in simulating the dust physical and optical processes, even in the best known dust environment, and stresses the need for observable quantities to constrain the model processes.

NeXSPheRIO results on elliptic flow and directed flow for Au plus Au and Cu plus Cu collisions at RHIC

Hydrodynamics has been rather successful at describing results obtained in relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC. Here we show results obtained with NeXSPheRIO on Au+Au collisions and the less studied Cu+Cu collisions. We study elliptic flow and its connection with eccentricity suggested by PHOBOS, as well as present elliptic flow fluctuations. We also show results for directed flow and compare with PHOBOS and STAR data.

A closer look at the influence of tubular initial conditions on two-particle correlations

In a recent paper, the hydrodynamic code NEXSPheRIO was used in conjunction with STAR analysis methods to study two-particle correlations as a function of Delta(eta) and Delta phi. The various structures observed in the data were reproduced. In this work, we discuss the origin of these structures as well as present new results.

NeXSPheRIO results on azimuthal anisotropy in Au-Au collisions at 200 A GeV

In this work, we present the results obtained by the hydrodynamic code NeXSPheRIO on anisotropic flows. In our calculation, we made use of event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions and chemical freeze-out was explicitly implemented. We studied directed flow, elliptic flow and forth harmonic coefficient for various hadrons at different centrality windows for Au+Au collisions at 200 A GeV. The results are discussed and compared with experimental data from RHIC.

NeXSPheRIO results on elliptic-flow fluctuations at RHIC

By using the NeXSPheRIO code, we study the elliptic-flow fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at 200 A GeV. It is shown that, by fixing the parameters of the model to correctly reproduce the charged pseudorapidity and the transverse-momentum distributions, reasonable agreement of < v(2)> with data is obtained, both as function of pseudorapidity as well as of transverse momentum, for charged particles. Our results on elliptic-flow fluctuations are in good agreement with the recently measured data on experiments.

Hydrodynamics: Fluctuating initial conditions and two-particle correlations

Event-by-event hydrodynamics (or hydrodynamics with fluctuating initial conditions) has been developed in the past few years. Here we discuss how it may help to understand the various structures observed in two-particle correlations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

En retorisk analys av Fahrenheit 9/11 ur ett dokumentärhistoriskt perspektiv

The history of rhetorics in documentary film is a long one. The French brothers Louise and Auguste Lumiére were among the first persons who produced a documentary and their work has had a big impression in the history of documentary during the 1900 century. John Grierson has been called “the father” of documentary film. He produced films in the English speaking part of the world and he is the founder of the concept “documentary film”. Propaganda filming has a big part in the history of documentary film. Most frequently it appeard in Germany before and during the secound WW II, but propaganda films has been produced in Great Britain and USA as well as in other parts of the world. Rhetorics are of current interest today. It effects the news, papers, magazines, books and movies. The purpose with this essay is to investigate the rhetorics in Michael Moores controversial documentary of September 11th, Fahrenheit 9/11. The main question is: what rhetorical tools does Michael Moore use in order to communicate his politcal message in Fahrenheit 9/11? The rhetorical analysis includes exordium, narratio, propsitio, argumentatio and conclusio as well as ethos, logos and pathos. In order to conduct the analysis I have used Kurt Johannesson’s book Retorik eller konsten att övertyga, Maria Karlberg and Brigitte Mral’s book Heder och påverkan. Att analysera modern retorik. And at last a chapter by Brigitte Mral named Retorikanalys in the book Metoder i kommunikationeverenskap, by Mats Ekström and Larsåke Larsson. For the background about the history of documentary film I have used Barsam M. Richard, Nonfiction Film A Critical History and Bjørn Sørenssen’s book Å fange virkeligheten –Dokumentarfilmens århundre.The analysis shows that Moore uses different rhetorical tools in order to point out that George W Bush is the wrong man for the role as the president of United States of America. Some of the most effective tools that Moores uses are his own voice, pictures who awakes emotions, recordings and sharp arguments. His way of using ethos, logos and pathos is very clear. The disposal can also be distinct discern, however there are some exceptions towards the classical rhetoric. One example is that Moore doesn´t describe the arrangement of the movie in exordium.

Prática de automedicação entre usuários de uma farmácia-escola

Embora a automedicação seja um ato prejudicial à saúde, a OMS introduziu o conceito de automedicação responsável, oferecendo a liberdade para um indivíduo praticá-la com os medicamentos de livre comércio, ou seja, os que não necessitam de prescrição médica. Quando praticada corretamente, a automedicação pode contribuir para aliviar financeiramente os sistemas de saúde pública. No entanto, erros comuns podem desencadear algumas reações, tais como interação medicamentosa e reações alérgicas, dentre outras. Avaliar a prática da automedicação pelos usuários da Farmácia-Escola da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul. Trata-se de estudo transversal, baseado em questionário estruturado com questões voltadas à prática de automedicação, aplicado no momento em que o paciente retira seu medicamento na Farmácia-Escola da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (Farma-USCS) gratuitamente, com prescrição médica. Foram entrevistados 90 homens e 190 mulheres, com idade média de 51,3 ± 20,4 e 46,0 ± 20,3 anos, respectivamente. Um total de 80,7% dos entrevistados admitiu a prática da automedicação, com maior prevalência entre as mulheres (56,4%), os jovens (27,1%), os idosos (31%), os casados (33,9%) e os escolarizados (55,7%). Dentre os entrevistados, 58,6% afirmaram já ter pedido conselhos ao farmacêutico e/ou balconista para a compra de medicamento não prescrito pelo médico, e 48,6% receberam conselhos de farmacêutico/balconista para o uso de outros medicamentos. A divulgação de medicamentos pela mídia não favoreceu a aquisição. Além disso, 43,2% costumam ler a bula. Embora a dispensação dos medicamentos fornecidos seja realizada durante a retirada dos mesmos, percebeu-se que também deve haver permanente envolvimento dos farmacêuticos quanto à orientação dos usuários na prática da automedicação.

Uma Proposta de distribuição do servidor de arquivos em clusters

A evolução da Computação Baseada em Clusters, impulsionada pelo avanço tecnológico e pelo custo relativamente baixo do hardware de PCs, tem levado ao surgimento de máquinas paralelas de porte cada vez maior, chegando à ordem das centenas e mesmo milhares de nós de processamento. Um dos principais problemas na implantação de clusters desse porte é o gerenciamento de E/S, pois soluções centralizadas de armazenamento de arquivos, como o NFS, rapidamente se tornam o gargalo dessa parte do sistema. Ao longo dos últimos anos, diversas soluções para esse problema têm sido propostas, tanto pela utilização de tecnologias especializadas de armazenamento e comunicação, como RAID e fibra ótica, como pela distribuição das funcionalidades do servidor de arquivos entre várias máquinas, objetivando a paralelização de suas operações. Seguindo essa última linha, o projeto NFSP (NFS Parallèle) é uma proposta de sistema de arquivos distribuído que estende o NFS padrão de forma a aumentar o desempenho das operações de leitura de dados pela distribuição do serviço em vários nós do cluster. Com essa abordagem, o NFSP objetiva aliar desempenho e escalabilidade aos benefícios do NFS, como a estabilidade de sua implementação e familiaridade de usuários e administradores com sua semântica de uso e seus procedimentos de configuração e gerenciamento. A proposta aqui apresentada, chamada de dNFSP, é uma extensão ao NFSP com o objetivo principal de proporcionar melhor desempenho a aplicações que explorem tanto a leitura como a escrita de dados, uma vez que essa última característica não é contemplada pelo modelo original A base para o funcionamento do sistema é um modelo de gerenciamento distribuído de meta-dados, que permite melhor escalabilidade e reduz o custo computacional sobre o meta-servidor original do NFSP, e também um mecanismo relaxado de manutenção de coerência baseado em LRC (Lazy Release Consistency), o qual permite a distribuição do serviço sem acarretar em operações onerosas de sincronização de dados. Um protótipo do modelo dNFSP foi implementado e avaliado com uma série de testes, benchmarks e aplicações. Os resultados obtidos comprovam que o modelo pode ser aplicado como sistema de arquivos para um cluster, efetivamente proporcionando melhor desempenho às aplicações e ao mesmo tempo mantendo um elevado nível de compatibilidade com as ferramentas e procedimentos habituais de administração de um cluster, em especial o uso de clientes NFS padrões disponíveis em praticamente todos os sistemas operacionais da atualidade.

Variability of the conserved V3 loop tip motif in HIV-1 subtype B isolates collected from Brazilian and French patients

The diversity of the V3 loop tip motif sequences of HIV-1 subtype B was analyzed in patients from Botucatu (Brazil) and Montpellier (France). Overall, 37 tetrameric tip motifs were identified, 28 and 17 of them being recognized in Brazilian and French patients, respectively. The GPGR (P) motif was predominant in French but not in Brazilian patients (53.5% vs 31.0%), whereas the GWGR (W) motif was frequent in Brazilian patients (23.0%) and absent in French patients. Three tip motif groups were considered: P, W, and non-P non-W groups. The distribution of HIV-1 isolates into the three groups was significantly different between isolates from Botucatu and from Montpellier (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of CXCR4-using HIV-1 (X4 variants) was observed in the non-P non-W group as compared with the P group (37.5% vs 19.1%), and no X4 variant was identified in the W group (P < 0.001). The higher proportion of X4 variants in the non-P non-W group was essentially observed among the patients from Montpellier, who have been infected with HIV-1 for a longer period of time than those from Botucatu. Among patients from Montpellier, CD4+ cell counts were lower in patients belonging to the non-P non-W group than in those belonging to the P group (24 cells/µL vs 197 cells/µL; P = 0.005). Taken together, the results suggest that variability of the V3 loop tip motif may be related to HIV-1 coreceptor usage and to disease progression. However, as analyzed by a bioinformatic method, the substitution of the V3 loop tip motif of the subtype B consensus sequence with the different tip motifs identified in the present study was not sufficient to induce a change in HIV-1 coreceptor usage.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A Multinational Multicenter Study of Thirty-Eight Patients

Objective. To describe the clinical and laboratory features of macrophage activation syndrome as a complication of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. Cases of juvenile SLE-associated macrophage activation syndrome were provided by investigators belonging to 3 pediatric rheumatology networks or were found in the literature. Patients who had evidence of macrophage hemophagocytosis on bone marrow aspiration were considered to have definite macrophage activation syndrome, and those who did not have such evidence were considered to have probable macrophage activation syndrome. Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with macrophage activation syndrome were contrasted with those of 2 control groups composed of patients with active juvenile SLE without macrophage activation syndrome. The ability of each feature to discriminate macrophage activation syndrome from active disease was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results. The study included 38 patients (20 with definite macrophage activation syndrome and 18 with probable macrophage activation syndrome). Patients with definite and probable macrophage activation syndrome were comparable with regard to all clinical and laboratory features of the syndrome, except for a greater frequency of lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in patients with definite macrophage activation syndrome. Overall, clinical features had better specificity than sensitivity, except for fever, which was highly sensitive but had low specificity. Among laboratory features, the best sensitivity and specificity was achieved using hyperferritinemia, followed by increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypofibrinogenemia. Based on the results of statistical analysis, preliminary diagnostic guidelines for macrophage activation syndrome in juvenile SLE were developed.Conclusion. Our findings indicate that the occurrence of unexplained fever and cytopenia, when associated with hyperferritinemia, in a patient with juvenile SLE should raise the suspicion of macrophage activation syndrome. We propose preliminary guidelines for this syndrome in juvenile SLE to facilitate timely diagnosis and correct classification of patients.

Ampliando o repertório do coro infanto-juvenil: um estudo de repertório inserido numa nova estética

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Apontamentos acerca das vicissitudes da subjetividade no mito de Don Juan

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As Cartas De Guy de Maupassant

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo tecer algumas considerações acerca de uma crônica de Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893), intitulada Le style épistolaire. Publicado no jornal Le Gaulois, no dia 11 de junho de 1888, o texto aborda alguns aspectos importantes do gênero em questão, entre outros, o missivista, tanto o remetente quanto o destinatário, ou ainda, o teor e o estilo das cartas. Revela como Maupassant concebia a arte de escrever cartas, e entender sua visão é um passo importante para adentrar a produção epistolar do próprio autor que, entre 1862 e 1891, escreveu mais de 750 cartas.

Georges Gusdorf e a autobiografia

Considering the premise that there are few theoretical reflections in the Portuguese language, concerning the autobiography as a genre, we propose to present a work addressing this issue by discussing the writings of George Gusdorf (1912-2000). One of the most expressive French scholars on this field, alongside Philippe Lejeune and Jean George May, and Starobinsky, Gusdorf stands out for his vast production centered on theoretical issues concerning the writings of the self. The study presented here aims at disseminating Gusdorf writings in Brazil, as well as presenting a critical analysis of the most pertinent issues related to the autobiographical genre, including aspects such as its origins, the blurred boundaries of genre, truth and sincerity, the relations between time and memory, self-knowledge and knowledge of the world.