Contribution to the knowlegde of Galician xenoflora (NW Iberian Peninsula, Spain).

Information on 12 exotic plants of diverse interest for the Galician flora are presented. All of them were collected in Ribeira council (SW of the A Coruña province). The total includes 8 novelties at a regional level (Aeonium haworthii, Aloe mitriformis, Brugmansia × candida, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Osteospermum ecklonis, Pelargonium capitatum, Sedum mexicanum, Sparaxis tricolor), and 2 provincial novelties. In addition, information on two taxa hardly mentioned in the literature on Galician vascular flora is also included. All the cited specimens are deposited at the SANT Herbarium.

Canna tandilensis Ciciar. (Cannaceae-Zingiberales), a new species from Argentina.

Canna tandilensis is proposed as a species new to science. Plants grow wild terrestrial, in rocky places exposed to solar radiation forming dense colonies whose individuals of small to medium length, produce reduced inflorescences with large and few yellow to bright orange flowers and narrow and reflexed staminodes. The specific epithet refers to the city of Tandil at the south of Buenos Aires Province where the holotype comes from. It is related to other species having reduced inflorescences, narrow leaves and staminodes, and nectar guides in androecium pieces such as C. lineata. A detailed description of the new species is given, along with a study of the morphological vegetative and floral characters. These characters were compared with those from two other species C. glauca and C. lineata. According to these new evidences two groups of similar species of the genus are suggested. The number of species surveyed until now in Argentina rises to sixteen.

Diversity of functional groups in the vegetation sandy seashore of the Grande, Anclitas and Caguamas Cays (Jardines de la Reina Archipelago, Cuba)

Sandy shores are known to be extreme ecosystems where the vegetation has evolved many morphological and physiological adaptations for its survival. With the aim of identify possible relationships between the vegetation´s functional diversity with abiotic factors and its corresponding quantification, we collected data on the abundance and richness of the sandy coast vegetation complex in Grande, Anclitas and Caguamas keys. Its flora is largely characterized by the dominance of hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes plants with nanophyllous leaves and displaying dispersal syndromes such as zoochory and anemochory. However, the functional groups´ richness, in the present study, varies from one key to another. Functional diversity is similar between the wet and dry seasons, and its spatial variation is influenced by the interplay of the set of abiotic factors herein studied.

Botany origin and protein content of homemade honeys from Galicia hives (NW Spain)

The botanic origin and the protein content of 15 honeys from small bee farms exploitations of Galicia, for family consume, were studied; the aim is to check if the protein wealth and the pollen wealth are dependent parameters. Seven honeys resulted to be Rhamnus frangula unifloral (pollen patterns with low diversity), two Castanea sativa Miller unifloral, other one heather unifloral, and five was multifloral honeys of various pollen patterns (four Castanea predominant and one Rhamnus frangula predominant). Their pollen wealth was low; eight honeys classified in the Maurizio Class I, 3 in Class II, 2 in Class III, and one in Maurizio Class IV. There has been a wide variability in its protein content (0.09- 4.83 mg prot./g honey). The relative amount of pollen from different taxa has a direct or inverse proportionality to wealth protein.

A couple of embroiled sheets of Miguel Barnades Manaider and Esteban de Prado in the Herbaria of Real Colegio Alfonso XII of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid)

In this paper we present a couple of sheets of Umbelliferae that are preserved in the RCAXII herbaria. One of them, Selinum carvifolia, where collected in the Gredos Mountains by Miguel Barnades Mainader and was identified by his son Miguel Barnades Clarís. The other, Tragium flabellifolium, was collected in Mieres (Asturias) by Esteban de Prado and identified by Mariano La Gasca.

Quantitative photoperiodic control of erect thallus production in Sargassum muticum

A photoperiodic response of erect thallus production has been quantified in Sargassum muticum. Young germlings were cultured under long-day (LD; 16:8 h) conditions at 16 degreesC, 75 mumol m(-2) s(-1) until they had 4-5 early blades after 60 days in culture. The young thalli were transferred to short-day (SD; 8:16 h) and night break (NB; 8:7.5:1:7.5 h) regimes. Up to 34.7% of the plants had produced erect thalli after 140 days in culture in the SD regime, but no erect thalli were formed in the NB regime. When plants were transferred from NB to SD regimes, erect thalli were initiated within 10 days, but continued to be produced in plants transferred from SD to NB. Therefore, the development of erect thalli in S. muticum is a genuine photoperiodic response, which is inhibited by NB treatments, but continues in a NB regime after sufficient induction in SD.

Molecular approaches to the study of invasive seaweeds

A wide range of vectors is currently introducing a plethora of alien marine species into indigenous marine species assemblages. Over the past two decades, molecular studies of non-native seaweeds, including cryptic invaders, have successfully identified the species involved and their sources; we briefly review these studies. As yet, however, little research has been directed towards examining the genetic consequences of seaweed invasions. Here we provide an overview of seaweed invasions from a genetic perspective, focusing on invader species for which the greatest amount of information is available. We review invasion processes, and rationalize evolutionary and genetic consequences for the indigenous and invader species into two main groups: (1) changes in gene-pool composition, in population structure and allele frequencies; and (2) changes in genome organization at the species level through hybridization, and in individual gene expression profiles at the levels of expressed messenger RNA and the proteome (i.e., all proteins synthesized) and thus the phenotype. We draw on studies of better-known aquatic and terrestrial organisms to point the way forward in revealing the genetic consequences of seaweed invasions. We also highlight potential applications of more recent methodological and statistical approaches, such as microarray technology, assignment tests and mixed stock analysis.

Efecto de cuatro fitorreguladores en el creciemiento y rendimiento del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botanica) UANL

El Yoco (paullinia yoco) : La savia de la selva

Con los resultados de este trabajo se busca, finalmente, valorar en su justa dimensión el potencial del yoco en los ecosistemas, la cultura y la salud de los pueblos indígenas. Así se reconoce esta planta como indicador fundamental de diversidad, como motor y eje de los movimientos y las estrategias de adaptación de los indígenas en la selva, como recurso importante en sus sistemas tradicionales de salud y como planta benéfica por sus propiedades estimulante, curativa y, sobre todo, preventiva.

Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Kallymenia patens (Kallymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea

Reproductive morphology of the Mediterranean red alga Kallymenia patens is described for the first time, confirming its position in the genus. K. patens is characterized by a non-procarpic female reproductive apparatus, carpogonial branch systems consisting of supporting cells bearing both three-celled carpogonial branches and subsidiary cells that lack a hypogynous cell and carpogonium; fusion cells develop numerous connecting filaments, and tetrasporangia are scattered over the thallus and are probably cruciately divided. Old fertile spathulate specimens of K. patens are morphologically similar to K. spathulata, but they can be distinguished by the length of spathulated proliferations (up to 0.6 cm and 6 cm, respectively), the length of inner cortical cells (up to 70 and 30 μm, respectively), and the gonimoblast location (in proliferations from the perennial part of the blade and over all the thallus surface, respectively)

Lineamientos para una reglamentación de la flora medicinal

Lineamientos para una reglamentación de la flora medicinal Tres décadas después de que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) avalara el uso de las plantas medicinales en los sistemas nacionales de salud, Colombia aún no cuenta con una legislación que le permita proteger y aprovechar su flora medicinal en beneficio de la población. Para subsanar este vacío, el Grupo de Estudios en Sistemas Tradicionales de Salud de la Facultad de Medicina (GESTS) y el Grupo de Investigación en Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia de la Universidad del Rosario decidieron analizar los avances legislativos desarrollados en todo el mundo, con el fin de sentar las bases de una reglamentación nacional que estimule el cultivo, aprovechamiento sostenible y uso terapéutico de las plantas y sus productos derivados.(...) Esta iniciativa cobra mayor importancia ante el incremento de reglamentaciones locales relacionadas con las medicinas herbáceas (...) . Mientras en 1995 sólo 42 de los 193 países miembros de la OMS tenían normas relacionadas con la medicina basada en hierbas, para el 2005 una encuesta realizada en 140 países mostró que en 92 de ellos ya se había reglamentado el uso de plantas medicinales. Se ha extendido tanto el uso de éstas plantas que el mercado mundial de medicinas elaboradas con hierbas basadas en el conocimiento tradicional supera los 60.000 millones de dólares(...)(cerca de la mitad del PIB de Colombia). Ésto se traduce, además, en una preocupación permanente sobre su tráfico y comercio inadecuado (...) , ante el inminente riesgo de extinción biológica de algunas especies, como lo advierten varios estudios de la OMS (...) (...) (*) . Ahora bien, aunque la propuesta de los investigadores podría sentar los lineamientos básicos para un proyecto de ley, la reglamentación no puede convertirse en un punto de llegada, ya que sin importar lo que diga la legislación, la gente seguirá haciendo uso –con viejas o nuevas maneras– de las plantas medicinales. Por tanto, el grupo interdisciplinario de investigadores, propone un marco conceptual que permita entender el universo de la botánica médica, estableciendo las fronteras de su estudio y precisando los lenguajes utilizados por la medicina moderna y la medicina tradicional.

Phytobenthic assemblages of Addaia Bay (Menorca, Western Mediterranean): composition and distribution

Study on the composition and distribution of Phytobenthic Assemblages of Addaia Bay (Menorca, Western Mediterranean)