Casamientos católicos secretos de funcionarios y militares en Buenos Aires e Hispanoamérica : Intrínseca constitución de algunos de sus matrimonios secretos, de conciencia u ocultos. Siglos XVIII-XIX

El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer los casamientos secretos efectuados por la Iglesia Católica a espaldas del Rey y las autoridades virreinales en Buenos Aires; especialmente, de funcionarios y oficiales de las fuerzas terrestres y navales de la monarquía en el siglo XVIII. Los análisis se basan en el Derecho Canónico y lo establecido en el Concilio de Trento (1545-1563). Una variada bibliografía relacionada con la constitución de las familias en Europa e Hispanoamérica permitió explorar un marco desconocido de lo ocurrido con estos matrimonios secretos también llamados de conciencia u ocultos. Se explicitan las características de este tipo de nupcias y la casuística encontrada resultado del análisis hermenéutico de las Actas parroquiales porteñas.

Casamientos católicos secretos de funcionarios y militares en Buenos Aires e Hispanoamérica : Intrínseca constitución de algunos de sus matrimonios secretos, de conciencia u ocultos. Siglos XVIII-XIX

El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer los casamientos secretos efectuados por la Iglesia Católica a espaldas del Rey y las autoridades virreinales en Buenos Aires; especialmente, de funcionarios y oficiales de las fuerzas terrestres y navales de la monarquía en el siglo XVIII. Los análisis se basan en el Derecho Canónico y lo establecido en el Concilio de Trento (1545-1563). Una variada bibliografía relacionada con la constitución de las familias en Europa e Hispanoamérica permitió explorar un marco desconocido de lo ocurrido con estos matrimonios secretos también llamados de conciencia u ocultos. Se explicitan las características de este tipo de nupcias y la casuística encontrada resultado del análisis hermenéutico de las Actas parroquiales porteñas.

Casamientos católicos secretos de funcionarios y militares en Buenos Aires e Hispanoamérica : Intrínseca constitución de algunos de sus matrimonios secretos, de conciencia u ocultos. Siglos XVIII-XIX

El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer los casamientos secretos efectuados por la Iglesia Católica a espaldas del Rey y las autoridades virreinales en Buenos Aires; especialmente, de funcionarios y oficiales de las fuerzas terrestres y navales de la monarquía en el siglo XVIII. Los análisis se basan en el Derecho Canónico y lo establecido en el Concilio de Trento (1545-1563). Una variada bibliografía relacionada con la constitución de las familias en Europa e Hispanoamérica permitió explorar un marco desconocido de lo ocurrido con estos matrimonios secretos también llamados de conciencia u ocultos. Se explicitan las características de este tipo de nupcias y la casuística encontrada resultado del análisis hermenéutico de las Actas parroquiales porteñas.

The design studio as liminal space

The context of this research focuses on the efficacy of design studio as a form of teaching and learning. The established model of project-based teaching makes simple parallels between studio and professional practice. However, through comparison of the discourses it is clear that they are of different character. The protocols of the tutorial tradition can act to position the tutor as a defender of the knowledge community rather than a discourse guide for the student. The question arises as to what constitutes the core knowledge that would enable better self-directed study. Rather than focus on key knowledge, there has been an attempt in other fields to agree and share ‘threshold concepts’ within disciplinary knowledge. Meyer and Land describe threshold concepts as representing “a transformed way of understanding, or interpreting or viewing something without which the learner cannot progress [1]. The tutor’s role should be to assist in transforming student’s understanding through the mastery of the ‘troublesome knowledge’ that threshold concepts may embody. Teaching and learning environments under such approaches have been described as ‘liminal’: holding the learner in an ‘in-between’ state new understanding may be difficult and involve identity shifts. Research on the consequence of pressures on facilities and studio space concur, and indicate that studio spaces can be much better used in assisting the path of learning [2]. Through an overview map of threshold concepts, the opportunities for blended learning in supporting student learning in the liminal space of the design studio become much clearer [3] Design studio needs to be recontextualised within the discourse of higher education scholarship, based on a clarified curriculum built from an understanding of what constitutes its threshold concepts. The studio needs to be reconsidered as a space quite unlike that of the practitioner, a liminal space. 1. Meyer, J.H.F. and R. Land, Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge. Overcoming Barriers to Student Learning: Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge., 2006: p. 19. 2. Cai, H. and S. Khan, The Common First Year Studio in a Hot-desking Age: An Explorative Study on the Studio Environment and Learning. Journal for Education in the Built Environment 2010. 5(2): p. 39-64. 3. Pektas, S.T., The Blended Design Studio: An Appraisal of New Delivery Modes in Design Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012. 51(0): p. 692-697.

Metabolic signatures of Huntington's disease (HD): 1H NMR analysis of the polar metabolome in post mortem human brain

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 5-10 persons per 100,000 worldwide. The pathophysiology of HD is not fully understood but the age of onset is known to be highly dependent on the number of CAG triplet repeats in the huntingtin gene. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy this study biochemically profiled 39 brain metabolites in post-mortem striatum (n=14) and frontal lobe (n=14) from HD sufferers and controls (n=28). Striatum metabolites were more perturbed with 15 significantly affected in HD cases, compared with only 4 in frontal lobe (P<0.05; q<0.3). The metabolite which changed most overall was urea which decreased 3.25-fold in striatum (P<0.01). Four metabolites were consistently affected in both brain regions. These included the neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and L-phenylalanine which were significantly depleted by 1.55-1.58-fold and 1.48-1.54-fold in striatum and frontal lobe, respectively (P=0.02-0.03). They also included L-leucine which was reduced 1.54-1.69-fold (P=0.04-0.09) and myo-inositol which was increased 1.26-1.37-fold (P<0.01). Logistic regression analyses performed with MetaboAnalyst demonstrated that data obtained from striatum produced models which were profoundly more sensitive and specific than those produced from frontal lobe. The brain metabolite changes uncovered in this first 1H NMR investigation of human HD offer new insights into the disease pathophysiology. Further investigations of striatal metabolite disturbances are clearly warranted.

Casamientos católicos secretos de funcionarios y militares en Buenos Aires e Hispanoamérica : Intrínseca constitución de algunos de sus matrimonios secretos, de conciencia u ocultos. Siglos XVIII-XIX

El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer los casamientos secretos efectuados por la Iglesia Católica a espaldas del Rey y las autoridades virreinales en Buenos Aires; especialmente, de funcionarios y oficiales de las fuerzas terrestres y navales de la monarquía en el siglo XVIII. Los análisis se basan en el Derecho Canónico y lo establecido en el Concilio de Trento (1545-1563). Una variada bibliografía relacionada con la constitución de las familias en Europa e Hispanoamérica permitió explorar un marco desconocido de lo ocurrido con estos matrimonios secretos también llamados de conciencia u ocultos. Se explicitan las características de este tipo de nupcias y la casuística encontrada resultado del análisis hermenéutico de las Actas parroquiales porteñas.

Examining the Longitudinal Stability of a Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health in Early Elementary School Students

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Rethinking the STEM fields: the importance of definitions in examining women's participation and success in the sciences

This study uses longitudinal data of undergraduate students from five public land-grant universities to better understand undergraduate students’ persistence in and switching of majors, with particular attention given to women’s participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Specifically, the study examines patterns of behavior of women and minorities in relation to initial choice of college major and major field persistence, as well as what majors students switched to upon changing majors. Factors that impact major field persistence are also examined, as well as how switching majors affects students’ time-to-degree. Using a broad definition of STEM, data from nearly 17,000 undergraduate students was analyzed with descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and binary logistic regressions. The results highlight women’s high levels of participation and success in the sciences, challenging common notions of underrepresentation in the STEM fields. The study calls for researchers to use a comprehensive definition of STEM and broad measurements of persistence when investigating students’ participation in the STEM fields.

Searching for knowledge in the belly of the beast: diversity, social equity and the African graduate student mother's experience in US higher education

Diversity has become a buzz word in public discourse and in educational circles. Higher education institutions in the US have increasingly used this word as a cornerstone of their mission statements and have made increasing efforts to attract students from different backgrounds. As part of the increase in diversity efforts among US colleges, is a significant rise in the number of international students. Attracting international students has become a priority for U.S. universities regardless of size or location. This study examines the intersection between the structure of American educational environment and the blended identities of African Graduate Student Mothers. Within the context of contemporary diversity efforts in US educational institutions, this study examines both the structural environments and the socio-cultural constructs that affect the experiences of African graduate student mothers. Based on a qualitative research interview design, a total of nineteen African graduate student mothers at a Mid-Western University in the US were interviewed individually and in groups over a six weeks period. Results from this study show that apart from the difficult and often dehumanizing treatment African student mothers endure from immigration and consular officials in their various countries and ports of entry, they often find themselves at the margins of their various programs and departments with very little support if any. This is because most of them enroll into graduate programs after arriving as dependants of their spouses; a process that does not allow them to negotiate for departmental commitments and support prior to their arrival. Not only do these women face racial discrimination from white professors, staff and fellow students, but they also experience discrimination and hostilities from African Americans and other minority groups who see them as threats to the limited resources that are often set aside for minority groups in such institutions.

Biosynthesis and mode of action of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides

One of the greatest sources of biologically active compounds is natural products. Often these compounds serve as platforms for the design and development of novel drugs and therapeutics. The overwhelming amount of genomic information acquired in recent years has revealed that ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural products are much more widespread than originally anticipated. Identified in nearly all forms of life, these natural products display incredible structural diversity and possess a wide range of biological functions that include antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiallodynic activities. The unique pathways taken to biosynthesize these compounds offer exciting opportunities for the bioengineering of these complex molecules. The studies described herein focus on both the mode of action and biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides. In Chapter 2, it is demonstrated that haloduracin, a recently discovered two-peptide lantibiotic, possesses nanomolar antimicrobial activity against a panel of bacteria strains. The potency of haloduracin rivals that of nisin, an economically and therapeutically relevant lantibiotic, which can be attributed to a similar dual mode of action. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this lantibiotic of alkaliphile origin has better stability at physiological pH than nisin. The molecular target of haloduracin was identified as the cell wall peptidoglycan precursor lipid II. Through the in vitro biosynthesis of haloduracin, several analogues of Halα were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis as well as bacterial cell growth. In an effort to overcome the limitations of in vitro biosynthesis strategies, a novel strategy was developed resulting in a constitutively active lantibiotic synthetase enzyme. This methodology, described in Chapter 3, enabled the production of fully-modified lacticin 481 products with proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acid substitutions. A number of lacticin 481 analogues were prepared and their antimicrobial activity and ability to bind lipid II was assessed. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of the constitutively active synthetase resulted in a kinase-like enzyme with the ability to phosphorylate a number of peptide substrates. The hunt for a lantibiotic synthetase enzyme responsible for installing the presumed dehydro amino acids and a thioether ring in the natural product sublancin, led to the identification and characterization of a unique post-translational modification. The studies described in Chapter 4, demonstrate that sublancin is not a lantibiotic, but rather an unusual S-linked glycopeptide. Its structure was revised based on extensive chemical, biochemical, and spectroscopic characterization. In addition to structural investigation, bioinformatic analysis of the sublancin gene cluster led to the identification of an S-glycosyltransferase predicted to be responsible for the post-translational modification of the sublancin precursor peptide. The unprecedented glycosyltransferase was reconstituted in vitro and demonstrated remarkable substrate promiscuity for both the NDP-sugar co-substrate as well as the precursor peptide itself. An in vitro method was developed for the production of sublancin and analogues which were subsequently evaluated in bioactivity assays. Finally, a number of putative biosynthetic gene clusters were identified that appear to harbor the necessary genes for production of an S-glycopeptide. An additional S-glycosyltransferase with more favorable intrinsic properties including better expression, stability, and solubility was reconstituted in vitro and demonstrated robust catalytic abilities.

Ambiência monástica e prática litúrgico-musical pós-tridentinas no mosteiro de S. Bento de Cástris

Abstract In the current historiographical production there is a manifest interest for the history of female religiosity. The mystic phenomenon, the everyday life and the temporal dimension of the communities, in terms of familiar and social connection to the outside of cloistered spaces, manifestations of creativity and culture, are increasingly treated issues. This interest is also expressed about the Cistercian Order in Portugal. In the female branch, the monastery of St. Benedict of Cástris, officially Cistercian for more than 700 years, has been the target of an interdisciplinary approach that intents to appreciate the impact of the reflections of the Council of Trent in the musical praxis of the nuns. This community, subject to Alcobaça and controlled through Visitors, registers in its documentation not only the presence of nuns that sang and played various instruments, arising mainly from Évora region, a city with a recognized musical tradition, but also registers various expenses related with the musical practice of the monastery. Resumo Regista-se, na actual produção historiográfica, um interesse manifesto pela história da religiosidade feminina. O fenómeno místico, o viver quotidiano e a dimensão temporal das comunidades, em termos de ligação familiar e social ao exterior dos espaços-clausura, as manifestações de criatividade e cultura, são questões cada vez mais tratadas. Esse interesse manifesta-se também para a Ordem de Cister em Portugal, sendo que, no ramo feminino, o mosteiro de S. Bento de Cástris, oficialmente cisterciense há mais de 700 anos, vem sendo alvo de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que procura apreciar os reflexos do Concílio de Trento na praxis musical das religiosas. Esta comunidade, sujeita a Alcobaça e por ela controlada através dos Visitadores, regista na sua documentação não só a presença de religiosas cantoras e tangedoras de vários instrumentos, oriundas maioritariamente da região de Évora, cidade com uma tradição musical reconhecida, como diversas despesas relacionadas com a prática musical do mosteiro.

La Diócesis de Nicaragua y Costa Rica: su conformación y sus conflictos, 1531-1850

ResumenEn este trabajo se hace un análisis desde la creación de la Diócesis de Nicaragua y Costa Rica (1531-1850) hasta que se divide en 1850, cuya organización se basó en las disposiciones del Patronato Real y los acuerdos del Concilio de Trento (1545). De igual manera, se estudia el papel de los obispos que estuvieron al frente de la dirección de la diócesis y también son objeto de investigación los conflictos internos, en especial los que ocurrieron con la provincia de Costa Rica.AbstractThis work sets forth an analysis made of the Nicaraguan and Costa Rican Diocese (1531-1850) from its creation up to its division in 1850. It was established based on the resolutions of the Royal Patronage (Patronato Real) and the accords of the Council of Trent (1545). Likewise, research is carried out on the role played by the bishops that geared the Diocese, as well as on the internal conflicts, especially those that occurred in the province of Costa Rica.