Construindo conhecimento: utiliza����o de robots na aprendizagem de fun����es

A Escola e o Ensino, atrav��s da evolu����o dos diferentes sistemas que os caracterizaram ao longo dos tempos, tiveram e t��m por objectivo n��o s�� a transmiss��o de conhecimentos mas tamb��m a prepara����o dos cidad��os mais jovens para a sua integra����o na vida social da sua comunidade. A escola atravessa momentos dif��ceis e os pap��is dos intervenientes s��o questionados diariamente. Tal tem dado origem a altera����es e a mudan��as na concep����o organizacional, de estrat��gia e de objectivos da escola e do pr��prio ensino. A profiss��o docente deixou de ser uma mera transmiss��o de saber, exigindo-se muito mais ao professor. O seu papel inclui j�� novas quest��es, tais como, como ensinar?, como fazer aprender? e como motivar os outros para que queiram aprender? A evolu����o tecnol��gica e a sua integra����o no ensino t��m sido das principais fontes para a altera����o operada sobre a escola e o seu objectivo. O desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informa����o e de comunica����o (TIC) t��m vindo a proporcionar novas formas de comunicar e de transmitir informa����o. A habilita����o profissional para a doc��ncia no ensino b��sico e secund��rio implica a Pr��tica de Ensino Supervisionado. Para al��m das planifica����es e da implementa����o das metodologias adoptadas visando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Matem��tica ao n��vel do 10�� ano de escolaridade, desenvolvemos um projecto de cariz qualitativo cujo objectivo seria a an��lise da aplicabilidade da rob��tica, na sala de aula, enquanto elemento mediador e potenciador do processo de aprendizagem no tema das fun����es. A revis��o bibliogr��fica demonstra que a rob��tica tem merecido elogios enquanto factor motivador e elemento que faculta uma conex��o entre diversas representa����es, nomeadamente, os conceitos te��ricos e a praticabilidade. O desenvolvimento de diversas actividades com duas turmas do 10�� ano de escolaridade, utilizando robots LEGO Minstorms, revelou que a rob��tica n��o s�� �� um elemento mediador do processo ensino-aprendizagem mas tamb��m, e sobretudo, �� um catalisador da motiva����o, coopera����o e envolv��ncia dos alunos, levando-os, numa perspectiva construcionista, a construir conhecimento e a concretizar o simbolismo abstracto presente na Matem��tica.

Ergonomia cognitiva do trabalho: um estudo baseado na gest��o do conhecimento e no capital intelectual

REGIS, Josiana Florencio Vieira. et al. Ergonomia cognitiva do trabalho: um estudo baseado na gest��o do conhecimento e no capital intelectual. IN: SIMPOSIO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODU��AO, 15., 2008, Sao Paulo. Anais eletronicos... Sao Paulo: UNESP, 2008. TRabalho oral. Disponivel em: http://www.simpep.feb.unesp.br/anais_simpep.php?e=2. Acesso em: 4.set.2010.

As bibliotecas escolares digitais constitu��das atrav��s de uma rede de conhecimento digital

BEZERRA, Gesiane Ferreira; C��MARA, Rafael Silva da; SANTOS, Valdete Honorato dos et al. As bibliotecas escolares digitais contitu��das atrav��s de uma rede de conhecimento digital. In: SEMIN��RIO DE PESQUISA DO CENTRO DE CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS, 16, 2010. Natal. Anais eletr��nicos... Natal: SEMIN��RIO CCSA, 2010. Trabalho oral. Dispon��vel em:<http://www.ccsa.ufrn.br/seminario2010/anais/artigos/gt2-10.pdf>. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2011.

Pesquisa: informa����o estrat��gica para tomada de decisão

Apresenta a pesquisa como fator importante para os gestores das organiza����es na tomada de decisão nesse novo cen��rio evolutivo e din��mico da economia global no qual a informa����o �� um produto relevante para as empresas. Abrange os tipos de pesquisas, quantitativas ou qualitativas, os m��todos de coleta de dados. Considera as caracter��sticas para a realiza����o de pesquisa para gerar resultados, produto final, relevantes aspectos para os patrocinadores das pesquisas. Resume as quest��es ��ticas aplicadas a pesquisa para que as partes participantes tenham assim assegurados os direitos de todos os envolvidos. Por outro lado, a busca na literatura apresenta a import��ncia dos resultados de pesquisa como parte do processo administrativo das organiza����es, dentre elas as unidades de informa����o em especial. Observa a vis��o sobre a opini��o p��blica e suas aplica����es nas pesquisas diante da vis��o de alguns autores pertinentes. Enfoca a necessidade do bibliotec��rio de aprimorar suas compet��ncias na ��rea da Gest��o da Informa����o e do conhecimento em geral para saber tomar decis��es estrat��gicas e relevantes na melhoria da qualidade de produtos/servi��os em unidades de informa����o.

Sistema inteligente para apoio �� decisão na opera����o de uma malha de escoamento de petr��leo

The petroleum production pipeline networks are inherently complex, usually decentralized systems. Strict operational constraints are applied in order to prevent serious problems like environmental disasters or production losses. This paper describes an intelligent system to support decisions in the operation of these networks, proposing a staggering for the pumps of transfer stations that compose them. The intelligent system is formed by blocks which interconnect to process the information and generate the suggestions to the operator. The main block of the system uses fuzzy logic to provide a control based on rules, which incorporate knowledge from experts. Tests performed in the simulation environment provided good results, indicating the applicability of the system in a real oil production environment. The use of the stagger proposed by the system allows a prioritization of the transfer in the network and a flow programming

Modelagem de decisão na sele����o de equipamento: um estudo usando o processo anal��tico hier��rquico na contrata����o de sondas de perfura����o de po��os de petr��leo

The main goal of this dissertation is to develop a Multi Criteria Decision Aid Model to be used in Oils and Gas perforation rigs contracts choices. The developed model should permit the utilization of multiples criterions, covering problems that exist with models that mainly use the price of the contracts as its decision criterion. The AHP has been chosen because its large utilization, not only academic, but in many other areas, its simplicity of use and flexibility, and also fill all the requirements necessary to complete the task. The development of the model was conducted by interviews and surveys with one specialist in this specific area, who also acts as the main actor on the decision process. The final model consists in six criterions: Costs, mobility, automation, technical support, how fast the service could be concluded and availability to start the operations. Three rigs were chosen as possible solutions for the problem. The results reached by the utilizations of the model suggests that the utilization of AHP as a decision support system in this kind of situation is possible, allowing a simplifications of the problem, and also it s a useful tool to improve every one involved on the process s knowledge about the problem subject, and its possible solutions

A influ��ncia do marketing ambiental na decisão de compra dos consumidores de produtos org��nicos

The search of the man for more comfort and one better quality of life led to an increment of the production of goods and services, that results, almost always, in aggressions to the nature and to a reduction of this same quality of life. The concern with the ambient problems appears as an important element regarding the material and economic growth and of the quality of life. With this scene a new question, the Ambient Marketing appears. Although the marketing concept to be well ample, the companies use the term ambient marketing to make reference what in fact, many times, are a more specific activity of ambient communication. The ambient communication is a new form to communicate used for the companies with the objective to get advantages of its competitors ahead, since the competitiveness by means of the o price, the stated period and the quality if becomes extremely incited. In view of the current competitive market, where the organizations need distinguishing to get greater have detached front to the competition, and the fact of the society to be each time more worried about the environment and the impacts that the companies cause it, the ambient communication has been used as form to convince its customers. Of this form, she evaluated herself, through a exploratory research and qualitative, the influence of the use of the ambient communication in the decision of purchase and of that she forms the companies when using of this communication can add value to its product. The results had indicated that 77% of the interviewed ones had heard to say on marketing or ambient communication and that the television is main the media for this knowledge, a time that 90.9% of the respondents had affirmed to have seen propagandas of directed products of consumption to the ambient question in this way. In fact, the concern with the environment demonstrated for the companies has its impact, therefore 84% of the respondents had told if to sensetize with this fact. However, only a lesser number of people, 70.5% answered that this concern really influences in its decision of purchase

Estrat��gia de marketing ambiental no varejo de alimentos: um estudo sobre as vari��veis utilizadas pelo consumidor na decisão de compra de produtos org��nicos

Demand for organic foods within in Brazil are growing, characterizing itself for if constituting in a new strategical segment of commercialization. In this context, the objective of this research was to investigate the variables used by consumers in the purchase decision of organic products, aiming to characterize the level of competitiveness of these products, assisting in the creation of environmental strategies for the development of the activity and contributing in the increment of the knowledge about the subject, that can assist it in the increase of the commercialization and the consumption of these foods. From data collected in the city of Natal/RN, it was used a survey research, of exploratory and descriptive character. The sample was obtained using 401 questionnaires, in which was realized: the Test of Comparison of Averages, Descriptive analysis, analysis of Cluster and Qui-square. The results found in this study indicate that the main reasons for the organic food purchase are the absence of chemical pesticides in the product, followed by the care with own health and of the household. The main characteristics in the consumers of supermarkets, that are associates with purchase frequency of organic foods are the environmental behavior and lifestyle. Among the profile characteristics, gender, age and number of children are associates with the purchase frequency of these foods and the income and level education not showed association

Gest��o ambiental e competitividade: um estudo sobre os fatores que afetam a decisão de compra de produtos org��nicos na cidade de Teresina-PI

The organic products represent one of the main trends of alimentary consumption in the new century. In Brazil, the answer is already well representative which it becomes the country, as a great consuming and exporting market of products of LVF type. The objective of this research was to investigate the factors capable to influence the food consumer in its purchase decision of organic products in the supermarkets of Teresina, capital of Piau�� State. The methodology was exploratory and descriptive, using survey, with closed and opened questions in 542 interviewed. The questionnaire was based on projected scales to evaluate the factors that can influence the purchase decision of organic products, whose variable had been grouped in the following groups: behavior, knowledge, interest, competitiveness, importance, barrier and profile. The used statistical techniques were descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrate interest of the population in paying more for the organic product, due to better quality of life, however it lacks to one better spreading and greater sensitization to attract these consumers. Some recommendations and proposals are presented after the results, as suggestions for future research

M��todo Fuzzy para aux��lio ao diagn��stico de c��ncer de mama em ambiente inteligente de telediagn��stico colaborativo para apoio �� tomada de decisão

Breast cancer, despite being one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide is a disease that can be cured if diagnosed early. One of the main techniques used in the detection of breast cancer is the Fine Needle Aspirate FNA (aspiration puncture by thin needle) which, depending on the clinical case, requires the analysis of several medical specialists for the diagnosis development. However, such diagnosis and second opinions have been hampered by geographical dispersion of physicians and/or the difficulty in reconciling time to undertake work together. Within this reality, this PhD thesis uses computational intelligence in medical decision-making support for remote diagnosis. For that purpose, it presents a fuzzy method to assist the diagnosis of breast cancer, able to process and sort data extracted from breast tissue obtained by FNA. This method is integrated into a virtual environment for collaborative remote diagnosis, whose model was developed providing for the incorporation of prerequisite Modules for Pre Diagnosis to support medical decision. On the fuzzy Method Development, the process of knowledge acquisition was carried out by extraction and analysis of numerical data in gold standard data base and by interviews and discussions with medical experts. The method has been tested and validated with real cases and, according to the sensitivity and specificity achieved (correct diagnosis of tumors, malignant and benign respectively), the results obtained were satisfactory, considering the opinions of doctors and the quality standards for diagnosis of breast cancer and comparing them with other studies involving breast cancer diagnosis by FNA.

Sistema Especialista para Supress��o Online de Alarmes em Processos Industriais

Operating industrial processes is becoming more complex each day, and one of the factors that contribute to this growth in complexity is the integration of new technologies and smart solutions employed in the industry, such as the decision support systems. In this regard, this dissertation aims to develop a decision support system based on an computational tool called expert system. The main goal is to turn operation more reliable and secure while maximizing the amount of relevant information to each situation by using an expert system based on rules designed for a particular area of expertise. For the modeling of such rules has been proposed a high-level environment, which allows the creation and manipulation of rules in an easier way through visual programming. Despite its wide range of possible applications, this dissertation focuses only in the context of real-time filtering of alarms during the operation, properly validated in a case study based on a real scenario occurred in an industrial plant of an oil and gas refinery

A forma����o inicial do professor de qu��mica e o uso das novas tecnologias para o ensino: um olhar atrav��s de suas necessidades formativas

La disertaci��n, desarrollada en el Programa de PostGraduaci��n en Ense��anza de las Ciencias Naturales y de la Matem��tica de la UFRN, estudia las necesidades formativas de licenciandos en Qu��mica sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnolog��as de la informaci��n y de las comunicaciones (NTIC), en especial, las relacionadas con la utilizaci��n de programas computacionales para la ense��anza de la qu��mica. En la actual sociedad del conocimiento, se torna imperativo la eclosi��n de nuevas formas de aprender y de ense��ar, que requieren de nuevas concepciones del trabajo pedag��gico. En ese sentido, se exige de los profesores el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades y competencias. El presente trabajo est�� comprometido con la b��squeda de elementos que puedan nortear los procesos formativos de profesores de qu��mica con el objetivo de contribuir con una mejor preparaci��n de la formaci��n inicial, tomando en cuenta sus necesidades de formaci��n. Fue utilizado el cuestionario como instrumento de investigaci��n para diagnosticar y caracterizar las necesidades fomativas, buscando establecer correlaciones entre diferentes variables que cacarterizan el estudio, con el fin de establecer semenazas y discrepancias entre las habilidades docentes en estudio y las necesidades formativas. Los analises de los datos tomo elementos de la estadistica descriptivo e inferencial, con analises multivariados, lo que posibilit�� identificar las necesidades formativas. Los resultados muestran ue de forma general los licenciandos evaluan como de bajo, el grado de desarrollo de las habilidades para ense��ar usando las NTIC, as�� como manifiestan sentir necesidades formativas en todas las habilidades referentes a esa esfera del trabajo docente

A organiza����o do conhecimento arquiv��stico: perspectivas de renova����o a partir das abordagens cient��ficas canadenses

Desde o final do s��culo XX, as novas formas de produ����o documental e as novas tecnologias de informa����o apresentadas �� Arquiv��stica t��m levado os profissionais da informa����o a repensar os conceitos e princ��pios arquiv��sticos postulados nos antigos manuais da ��rea. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a produ����o arquiv��stica canadense, que transformou o pa��s em solo f��rtil para as discuss��es que circundam a disciplina na contemporaneidade, representando muito bem as necessidades colocadas pelos novos meios de produ����o documental aos arquivistas na sociedade da informa����o, redescobrindo princ��pios e (re) definindo conceitos, m��todos e crit��rios para a cria����o, manuten����o e uso de documentos em meio tradicional e eletr��nico. Foi notadamente na d��cada de 1980, que um novo paradigma se enunciou na ��rea e, a partir dele, tr��s correntes emergiram: a Arquiv��stica Integrada - enunciada pela Escola de Qu��bec - que prop��e a reintegra����o da disciplina por meio do ciclo vital dos documentos e uma poss��vel aproxima����o com a Ci��ncia da Informa����o, gra��as �� incorpora����o do termo informa����o org��nica registrada, como substitui����o ao termo documento de arquivo; a Arquiv��stica Funcional ou P��s-Moderna, enunciada por Terry Cook - que prop��e uma renova����o e reformula����o dos princ��pios e conceitos originais da disciplina, adotando a corrente P��s-moderna como pano de fundo; e a Diplom��tica Arquiv��stica, enunciada primeiramente na It��lia por Paola Carucci, mas desenvolvida e reformulada na Am��rica do Norte por Luciana Duranti, que busca, por meio do estudo da Diplom��tica, estabelecer crit��rios para a cr��tica textual dos documentos contempor��neos, garantindo ao m��todo diplom��tico um posto fundamental na Arquiv��stica contempor��nea. A vista de tais aspectos, analisa-se, comparativamente, o universo epistemol��gico dessas tr��s abordagens arquiv��sticas canadenses, enquanto perspectivas emergentes para a constru����o de uma disciplina contempor��nea, capaz de dar conta dos novos processos de produ����o, organiza����o e uso da informa����o org��nica registrada.

Conhecimento sobre energia e��lica: um estudo explorat��rio a partir das redes sem��nticas naturais de estudantes da cidade de Natal

The human being has a fundamental role in issues concerning scarcity of energy resources as well as in the success of technologies which favor the use of renewable sources, such as wind energy. But what does wind energy mean for people? What are the psychological meanings concerning this term? Aiming to answer these questions, the general objective of this dissertation was to identify and to analyze the knowledge about wind energy taking into account a network of psychological meanings. One hundred and ninety one (191) university students from Natal-RN participated in the study, being male the majority (53%); aged between 17 and 51 years old (M=23.3 years; SD=5.7). Participants responded to self reports using the Natural Semantic Networks (NSW) technique, as well as to several sociodemographic questions. The results showed a consistent, positive and useful general semantic network. In this semantic network, knowledge about wind energy was represented by words that correspond to the appeal of (pro) environmental stance (e.g., clean and nature), that evinced both the technological aspect (e.g., force) and the economic aspect (e.g., economy). Results from different groups were also analyzed. The first set of groups (non-environemental and environmental) was divided considering the course (e.g., ecology and economy). The second set of groups(non-caretaker and caretaker) was divided based on the practice of environmental care expressed. Subtle differences were observed in the semantic networks of caretakers, who emphasized environment, an attribute not mentioned by non-caretakes. This indicates a construction of knowledge that is influenced by the presence or absence of the environmental commitment. Such findings may be useful in the construction of instruments for surveys and in the development of public and educational policies. Additionally, they may assist the media towards a more objective performance concerning wind energy

Percep����o de enfermeiros rec��m graduados sobre sua autonomia profissional e sobre o processo de tomada de decisão do paciente

O estudo foi realizado junto a enfermeiros rec��m-graduados que atuam em um hospital p��blico com os objetivos de descrever a percep����o destes sobre sua autonomia profissional e sobre o processo de tomada de decisão do paciente. A estrat��gia adotada para obten����o dos dados foi a de grupo focal e o referencial metodol��gico a Grounded Theory. Dos resultados emergiram dois fen��menos: 1) Percebendo a fragilidade da autonomia do enfermeiro e do paciente. 2) Movendo-se em dire����o ao fortalecimento da autonomia do enfermeiro e do paciente. Isto possibilitou a identifica����o da categoria central: movimento empreendido por enfermeiros rec��m formados em dire����o ao fortalecimento de sua autonomia profissional e da autonomia do paciente. A compreens��o da experi��ncia nos permitiu ampliar o conhecimento sobre os enfrentamentos dos enfermeiros rec��m formados, favorecendo nossa atua����o como professores de enfermagem.